Horticulture Research最新文献

{"title":"Evergreen citrus trees exhibit distinct seasonal nitrogen remobilization patterns between mature leaves and bark","authors":"Huaye Xiong, Bin Hu, Jie Wang, Xing-zheng Fu, Yueqiang Zhang, Xiaojun Shi, Heinz Rennenberg","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf103","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonal nitrogen (N) storage and remobilization are critical for tree growth. Deciduous trees primarily store N in bark, evergreen trees utilize both mature leaves and bark. Citrus is an evergreen species, leaf N storage and remobilization are well studied, but inner bark remains poorly understood. This study used pot experiments with three N supply rates (low, moderate and high) to examine seasonal (winter, early, and late spring) N storage and remobilization between mature leaves (developed in autumn) and bark (from the main stem). Bark contains 15-35 kDa vegetative storage proteins (VSPs), which are highly abundant and accumulate seasonally, while mature leaves contain 45-55 kDa VSPs. Proteomic analysis revealed the oxygen-evolving enhancer protein as a key bark VSP, with Rubisco and others predominant in leaves. Under high N supply, bark total N decreased by 1.30 times from winter to early spring, while leaf N decreased only 1.01 times. Under high N supply, bark arginine decreased significantly by 2.66 times in early spring, whereas mature leaf arginine remained unchanged. Under low N supply, mature leaf proline decreased by 17.52 times in late spring, while proline in bark decreased by 5.50 times. Thus, under high N, bark is the primary early spring arginine source, whereas under low N, leaves supply more proline later. Bioinformatics indicate that ribosomal proteins may be involved in N remobilization in bark under high N and in both bark and leaves under low N. These results demonstrate that bark and mature leaves exhibit different seasonal N remobilization patterns.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clubroot Resistant in Cruciferous Crops: Recent Advances in Genes and QTLs Identification and Utilization","authors":"Shangxiang Lai, Yunshuai Huang, Yumei Liu, Fengqing Han, Mu Zhuang, Xia Cui, Zhansheng Li","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf105","url":null,"abstract":"Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae (P. brassicae), poses a serious threat to cruciferous crop production worldwide. Breeding resistant varieties remains the most cost-effective strategy to mitigate yield losses, yet achieving durable, stable, and broad-spectrum resistance continues to be a formidable challenge. Recent advances in genetic and genomic technologies have improved the understanding of complex host–pathogen interactions, leading to the identification of key resistance loci, including dominant resistance genes such as CRa and Crr1, as well as quantitative trait loci (QTLs). This review discusses the genetic mechanisms governing clubroot resistance and highlights applications in breeding, such as marker-assisted selection (MAS) and CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing, which are accelerating the development of resistant germplasm. Furthermore, integrated management strategies—encompassing resistant cultivars, crop rotation, biocontrol agents, and soil amendments—are emphasized as critical components for sustainable disease. This review summarizes the major resistance genes against clubroot and discusses potential strategies to address the persistent threat posed by the disease.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nature of complex structural variations in tomatoes","authors":"Xue Cui, Yuxin Liu, Miao Sun, Qiyue Zhao, Yicheng Huang, Jianwei Zhang, Qiulin Yao, Hang Yin, Huixin Zhang, Fulei Mo, Hongbin Zhong, Yang Liu, Xiuling Chen, Yao Zhang, Jiayin Liu, Youwen Qiu, Mingfang Feng, Xu Chen, Hossein Ghanizadeh, Yao Zhou, Aoxue Wang","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf107","url":null,"abstract":"Structural variations (SVs) in repetitive sequences could only be detected within a broad region due to imprecise breakpoints, leading to classification errors and inaccurate trait analysis. Through manual inspection at 4,532 variant regions identified by integrating 14 detection pipelines between two tomato genomes, we generated an SV benchmark at base-pair resolution. Evaluation of all pipelines yielded F1-scores below 53.77% with this benchmark, underscoring the urgent need for advanced detection algorithms in plant genomics. Analyzing the alignment features of the repetitive sequences in each region, we summarized four patterns of SV breakpoints and revealed that deviations in breakpoint identification were primarily due to copy misalignment. According to the similarities among copies, we identified 1,635 bona fide SVs with precise breakpoints, including substitutions (223), which should be taken as a fundamental SV type, alongside insertions (780), deletions (619), and inversions (13), all showing preferences for SV occurrence within AT-repeat regions of regulatory loci. This precise resolution of complex SVs will foster genome analysis and crop improvement.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"218 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Working smarter, not harder: silencing LAZY1 in Prunus domestica causes outward, wandering branch orientations with commercial and ornamental applications","authors":"Andrea R Kohler, Courtney A Hollender, Doug Raines, Mark Demuth, Lisa Tang, Macarena Farcuh, Chris Dardick","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf106","url":null,"abstract":"Controlling branch orientation is a central challenge in tree fruit production, as it impacts light interception, pesticide use, fruit quality, yield, and labor costs. To modify branch orientation, growers use many different management practices, including tying branches to wires or applying growth regulator sprays. However, these practices are often costly and ineffective. In contrast, altering the expression of genes that control branch angles and orientations would permanently optimize tree architecture and reduce management requirements. One gene implicated in branch angle control, LAZY1, has potential for such applications as it is a key modulator of upward branch orientations in response to gravity. Here we describe the phenotypes of transgenic plum (Prunus domestica) trees containing an antisense vector to silence LAZY1. We found that LAZY1 silencing significantly increased branch and petiole angles. LAZY1-antisense lines also displayed “wandering” or weeping branch trajectories. These phenotypes were not associated with decreases in branch strength or stiffness. We evaluated the utility of LAZY1-antisense trees for use in two planar orchard systems by training them according to super slender axe and espalier methods. We found that the LAZY1-antisense trees had more open canopies and were easier to constrain to the trellis height. This work illustrates the power of manipulating gene expression to optimize plant architecture for specific horticultural applications","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haplotype-resolved genome assembly and genome-wide association study identifies the candidate gene closely related to sugar content and tuber yield in Solanum tuberosum","authors":"Lei Gong, Li Zhang, Haiwen Zhang, Fengjie Nie, Zhenning Liu, Xuan Liu, Miaoquan Fang, Wenjing Yang, Yu Zhang, Guohui Zhang, Zhiqian Guo, Hongxia Zhang","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf075","url":null,"abstract":"As an important non-cereal food crop grown worldwide, the genetic improvement of potato in tuber yield and quality is largely constrained due to the lacking of a high-quality reference genome and understanding of the regulatory mechanism underlying the formation of superior alleles. Here, a chromosome-scale haplotype-resolved genome assembled from an anther-cultured progeny of ‘Ningshu 15’, a tetraploid variety featured by its high starch content and drought resistance, was presented. The assembled genome size was 1.653 Gb, with a contig N50 of approximately 1.4 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 61 Mb. The long terminal repeat (LTR) assembly index (LAI) score of the two identified haplotypes of ‘Ningshu 15’ was 11.62 and 11.94, respectively. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that positive selection occurred in gene families related to starch, sucrose, fructose and mannose metabolism, and carotenoid biosynthesis. Further genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 141 accessions identified a total number of 53 quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to fructose, glucose and sucrose content. Among them, a tonoplast sugar transporter encoding gene, StTST2, closely associated with glucose content was identified. Constitutive expression of StTST2 in potato and Arabidopsis increased the photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll and sugar content, biomass tuber and seed production in transgenic plants. In addition, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays demonstrated that StTST2 directly interacted with SUT2. Our study provides a high-quality genome assembly and new genetic locus of potato for molecular breeding.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dynamics of wild Vitis species in response to climate change facilitate the breeding of grapevine and its rootstocks with climate resilience","authors":"Mengyan Zhang, Xiaodong Xu, Tianhao Zhang, Zhenya Liu, Xingyi Wang, Xiaoya Shi, Wenjing Peng, Xu Wang, Zhuyifu Chen, Ruoyan Zhao, Wenrui Wang, Yi Zhang, Zhongxin Jin, Yongfeng Zhou, Zhiyao Ma","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf104","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change presents significant challenges to agricultural suitability and food security, largely due to the limited adaptability of domesticated crops. However, crop wild relatives maintain greater diversity and are well-adapted to various environments. This study evaluates the potential distributional responses of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) and its wild relatives (Vitis spp.) to future climate change using the maximum entropy model. We reveal that the annual mean temperature is the primary factor determining the potential distribution of cultivated grapes. By 2080, under the SSP585 scenario, suitable areas for wine and table grapes are predicted to decline by 1.5 million km2 and 1.3 million km2, respectively. The results suggest that grape cultivation, especially for table grapes, is highly vulnerable to future climate change. In contrast, approximately 70% of wild grapes are projected to demonstrate robust adaptability to future conditions. For example, North American wild grapes like V. rotundifolia and V. labrusca, as well as East Asian wild grapes such as V. heyneana and V. davidii, are projected to demonstrate significant adaptability to response future climate change. These wild grapes are valuable genetic resources for improving the resilience of cultivated grapes through rootstock development and breeding programs to face the climate change. Our results predict the potential future distribution areas of wild grapes and highlight the critical role of their genetic resources in grape breeding for promoting adaptation to climate change.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strigolactones enhance apple drought resistance via the MsABI5-MsSMXL1-MsNAC022 cascade","authors":"Xiang Zhang, BingYang Du, Maihemuti Turupu, Yuqin Xiao, Qisheng Yao, Shilin Gai, Qiaoqiao Zhang, Xinyu Wang, Yongzhen Yan, Zhengyang Wen, Shuo Wang, Wenjun Lu, Pengtao Yue, Tianhong Li","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf101","url":null,"abstract":"Drought stress limits plant growth, development, and yield in apple (Malus). Strigolactones (SLs) work with abscisic acid (ABA) to improve drought resistance in plants, but how this synergistic mechanism functions remains unclear. Here, we determined that SLs promote drought resistance in apple in an ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE5 (MsABI5)-related manner. During drought stress of a wild apple species (Malus sieversii), SLs enhanced the expression of MsABI5, encoding a major transcription factor involved in ABA signaling. MsABI5 bound to the promoter of the gene encoding delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (MsP5CS2.2), upregulating its expression and thereby enhancing proline accumulation and drought resistance. In addition, MsABI5 suppressed the expression of MsSMXL1, encoding a major transcriptional repressor involved in SL signaling. MsSMXL1 interacted with MsNAC022 instead of MsABI5 to repress the transactivation activity of MsNAC022. MsNAC022 was upregulated by MsABI5, and MsNAC022 directly promoted MsP5CS2.2 expression to enhance proline accumulation and drought resistance. These findings suggest that MsSMXL1 and MsNAC022 comprise a regulatory node downstream of MsABI5 during drought stress in apple. Together, our findings suggest that in apple, SLs increase drought resistance by activating the MsABI5-MsSMXL1-MsNAC022 cascade.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143813599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ca2+ suppresses stone cell through PuNAC21-PuDof2.5 module regulates lignin biosynthesis in pear fruits","authors":"He Zhang, Siyang Gao, Mingxin Yin, Mingyang Xu, Tianye Wang, Xinyue Li, Guodong Du","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf102","url":null,"abstract":"Lignin deposition in stone cells is a critical factor that limits pear fruit quality, affecting their market value. Calcium ions (Ca2+) play an essential role in lignin biosynthesis during fruit stone cell production. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying the Ca2+ regulated lignin synthesis in stone cell formation are not fully understood. In this study, we identified a NAC transcription factor (TF) PuNAC21, which is repressed by CaCl2 treatment. PuNAC21 bound directly to the lignin biosynthesis gene peroxidase 42-like (PuPRX42-like) promoter, Ca2+ reduced pear fruit stone cell production dependent on PuNAC21 positively regulating PuPRX42-like expression. Furthermore, PuNAC21 directly regulated the expression of PuDof2.5, a TF involved in lignin biosynthesis by binding to PuPRX42-like and caffeoyl-CoA-O-methyltransferase 1(PuCCoAOMT1) promoters. Moreover, PuNAC21 interacted with PuDof2.5 to form a transcriptional regulatory module, lowering the transcription of PuPRX42-like and PuCCoAOMT1 after Ca2+ treatment, which contributed to decrease pear stone cells production. Our results revealed Ca2+ induced PuNAC21-PuDof2.5-PuPRX42-like/PuCCoAOMT1 regulatory module inhibited lignin biosynthesis, giving important insights into reducing the stone cell content in pears via molecular breeding.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143805854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CsPRMT5-mediated histone H4R3 dimethylation negatively regulates resistance to gray blight in tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.)","authors":"Huanyun Peng, Yan Wang, Biying Zhu, Yuanrong Wang, Mengxue Han, Shupei Zhang, Tianyuan Yang, Fei Wang, Zhaoliang Zhang","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf100","url":null,"abstract":"Gray blight is a serious foliar disease that significantly threatens tea plant cultivation. Although dynamic histone methylation was reported in regulating plant immunity, the specific roles of this epigenetic modification in tea plant disease resistance have yet to be fully elucidated. This study demonstrates that the protein arginine methyltransferase CsPRMT5, which catalyzes the symmetric dimethylation of histone H4R3 (H4R3sme2), is involved in the tea plant response to gray blight. Transcription of CsPRMT5 and the level of histone H4R3 methylation in tea were downregulated following infection by the fungal pathogen Pseudopestalotiopsis (Ps). A negative correlation was observed between the resistance of tea plants to Ps and the expression level of CsPRMT5 across various cultivars. Downregulation of CsPRMT5 expression led to reduced H4R3sme2 levels, elevated expression of defense-related genes, and lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after Ps infection, thus enhancing pathogen resistance of tea. Furthermore, complementation of Atprmt5 mutant with CsPRMT5 restored the susceptibility to Ps infection in Arabidopsis. ChIP-seq and ChIP-qPCR analyses revealed that CsPRMT5 binds to defense-related genes, including CsMAPK3, and regulates their expression through H4R3sme2 modification. Collectively, the results indicate that CsPRMT5 negatively regulates the immune response to pathogens through repressing CsMAPK3 expression in tea plants.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143813774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolites-mediated responses of phyllosphere microbiota to powdery mildew infection in resistant and susceptible black currant cultivars","authors":"Xueying Zhao, Along Chen, Xiaonan Gong, Peng Zhang, Kaojia Cui, Shuxian Li, Weixia Zhang, Chenqiao Zhu, Huixin Gang, Junwei Huo, Fuchun Xie, Dong Qin","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf092","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-metabolite-microbe interactions play essential roles in disease suppression. Most studies focus on the root exudates and rhizosphere microbiota to fight soil-borne pathogens, but it is poorly understood whether the changes in phyllosphere metabolites can actively recruit beneficial microbes to enhance disease resistance. In this study, the differences of phyllosphere microbial communities and key leaf metabolites were systematically explored in resistant and susceptible black currant cultivars related to powdery mildew (PM) by integrating microbiome and metabolomic analyses. The results showed that the diversity and composition of microbiome changed, as highlighted by a reduction in microbial alpha-diversity and beta-diversity of susceptible cultivars. An increasing fungal network complexity and a decreasing bacterial network complexity occurred in resistant cultivar. Bacillus, Burkholderia (bacteria), and Penicillium (fungi) were identified as keystone microorganisms and resistance effectors in resistant cultivar. Metabolites such as salicylic acid, trans-zeatin, and griseofulvin were more abundant in resistant cultivar, which had a positive regulatory effect on the abundance of bacterial and fungal keystones. These findings unravel that resistant cultivar can enrich beneficial microorganisms by adjusting leaf metabolites, thus showing the external disease-resistant response. Moreover, the reduced stomatal number and increased tissue thickness were observed in resistant cultivar, suggesting inherent physical structure also provides a basic defense against PM pathogens. Therefore, resistant black currant cultivar displayed multi-level defense responses of physical structures, metabolites and microorganisms to PM pathogens. Collectively, our study highlights the potential for utilizing phyllosphere microbiome dynamics and metabolomic adjustments in agricultural practices, plant breeding, and microbiome engineering to develop disease-resistant crops.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}