Horticultural Plant Journal最新文献

{"title":"High-density genetic mapping and QTL analysis for key horticultural traits in bitter gourd : Insights into plant architecture, fruit development, and wart characteristics","authors":"Feifan Chen, Jiayu Liu, Hongrong Chen, Yi Yang, Xuzhen Li, Yuehong Ding, Libo Tian, Sang Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"Bitter gourd (<ce:italic>Momordica charantia</ce:italic> L.), a staple crop in subtropical and tropical Asia and Africa, is valued for its nutritional and medicinal properties. Despite its significance, genetic studies on key horticultural traits remain limited. To address this, we generated F<ce:inf loc=\"post\">1</ce:inf>, F<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>, and F<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2:3</ce:inf> populations by crossing two inbred lines, HNU004 and HNU025. Whole-genome sequencing of the parents and 178 F<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> individuals enabled the construction of a high-density genetic map with 2,605 bin SNP markers across 11 linkage groups. QTL mapping using Composite Interval Mapping (CIM) and Multiple QTL Model (MQM) approaches across three environments identified 22 QTLs influencing plant architecture, fruit size, and wart traits, explaining 6.14–68.12% of phenotypic variance. This included three novel QTLs for average internode length, three for lateral branch number (LBN), and four for fruit-related traits. Five key QTLs were consistently detected: <ce:italic>lbn3.1</ce:italic> on chromosome 3 (LBN), <ce:italic>mfl5.1</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>smfw5.1</ce:italic> on chromosome 5 (mature fruit length and single mature fruit weight), and <ce:italic>fwf4.1</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>fwf6.1</ce:italic> on chromosomes 4 and 6 respectively governing fruit wart characteristics. These QTLs spanned physical regions ranging from 220 kb to 2.1 Mb. Candidate genes were predicted for major QTLs, including <ce:italic>Moc03g28260</ce:italic> (<ce:italic>lbn3.1</ce:italic>), <ce:italic>Moc05g28880</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>Moc05g29850</ce:italic> (<ce:italic>mfl5.1</ce:italic>), and <ce:italic>Moc06g04450</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>Moc06g04970</ce:italic> (<ce:italic>fwf6.1</ce:italic>). Epistatic interactions between QTLs for LBN and fruit length suggested complex genetic regulation. Molecular markers for <ce:italic>mfl5.1</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>fwf4.1</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>fwf6.1</ce:italic> were validated in an independent F<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> population of 213 individuals, which confirmed their phenotypic effects. This study provides a dense and informative set of genetic markers suitable for marker-assisted selection in bitter gourd breeding and establishes a foundation for the cloning of candidate genes, thereby accelerating genetic improvement efforts.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"149 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of plant factory with artificial lighting in horticultural production: current progress and future trends","authors":"Meng Guo, Zhi Jin, Li Ma, Siying Ou","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"Horticultural production, enriched in essential nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and lipids, face challenges due to rapid global population growth, resource shortages, environmental degradation, and a decline in the number of horticultural practitioners. These challenges prevent their yield and quality from meeting sustainability requirements. By regulating temperature, humidity, light, and nutrient supply, plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs) enable stable crop cultivation, facilitate year-round production, and promote efficient resource use, yielding high-quality horticultural products with significant application potential. However, issues such as high initial investment and electricity costs remain unresolved. Primarily, PFALs are utilized in the production of green leafy vegetables, transplants, and medicinal plants. In PFALs, lettuce yield can increase by over 50% under optimal lighting conditions compared to traditional methods. PFALs are also employed in the commercial production of horticultural seedlings, technical research on shortening growth cycle and mechanism research on environmental regulation of metabolites. This supports rapid breeding and the production of high-value horticultural products. Additionally, this paper addresses the challenges faced by plant factories in horticultural production and explores prospects and considerations for PFAL applications in this domain.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of genes involved in the tomato Mi-1-mediated immunity to root-knot nematodes parasitism under high temperature","authors":"Yuqing Lai, Zhijie Li, Erfeng Li, Rui Liu, Nv Chang, Cuihua Lu, Jian Ling, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Shanshan Yang, Zhukan Chen, Yuhong Yang, Yan Li, Bingyan Xie, Zhenchuan Mao, Jianlong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2025.02.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2025.02.021","url":null,"abstract":"Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are notorious plant pathogens that cause substantial losses in horticultural crops globally. The tomato RKN resistance gene, <ce:italic>Mi-1</ce:italic>, is currently the sole commercially available source of resistance. However, its effectiveness significantly declines when soil temperatures exceed 28 °C. Although numerous studies have explored the immune signaling pathways mediated by <ce:italic>Mi-1</ce:italic>, the specific plant immune responses affected by high temperatures and the key temperature-sensitive genes involved remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that the <ce:italic>Mi-1</ce:italic>-mediated hypersensitive response is impaired at 32 °C. At this temperature, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in roots is reduced, while callose deposition increases. Through comparative transcriptome analysis between 24 °C and 32 °C, we identified significant changes in hormone signaling pathways, immune signaling, and gene alternative splicing. For instance, the jasmonate (JA) pathway was upregulated, and the salicylic acid (SA) pathway was inhibited at 32 °C. High temperatures also disrupted the MAPK cascade and influenced metabolite synthesis. Notably, most genes upregulated at 24 °C were downregulated at 32 °C. Furthermore, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) assays verified that interfering with the expression of differentially expressed genes, such as the JA biosynthesis key gene MYB transcription factor <ce:italic>AOS3</ce:italic>, the abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis regulation gene <ce:italic>JA2</ce:italic>, and the heat stress transcription factor <ce:italic>A-6b</ce:italic>, increased the susceptibility of <ce:italic>Mi-1</ce:italic> tomatoes to RKNs. These findings offer crucial insights into the temperature sensitivity of <ce:italic>Mi-1</ce:italic> resistance and support the development of RKN-resistant tomatoes that can remain effective under high-temperature conditions.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and activity evaluation of a highly efficient CRISPR-Cas genome editing system in larch","authors":"Xuelian Zheng, Lei Ding, Guanqin Liu, Jiong Guo, Zhe Zhang, Jingru Zhang, Yunjin Pang, Xu Tang, Qiurong Ren, Binglin Liu, Lan Huang, Tao Zhang, Yong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2025.02.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2025.02.020","url":null,"abstract":"The CRISPR/Cas system has been widely used among plant species. However, due to the long life cycle, complex genetic background, high levels of genomic heterozygosity, and difficulties in stable transformation, genome editing has not been thoroughly explored in larch (<ce:italic>Larix kaempferi</ce:italic> (Lamb.) Carr.). In this study, we evaluated a highly efficient CRISPR/Cas genome editing system in larch that utilizes endogenous promoters. We optimized the critical parameters in larch protoplast preparation and transformation. As a result, this process achieved more than 90% active cells and a transient transformation efficiency of 40%, meeting the requirements for gene editing system evaluation. Using integrated whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing analysis, we screened highly expressed mRNA transcripts and cloned 41 candidate promoters. Based on protoplast transient expression detection, we identified a highly expressed endogenous promoter in larch, designated LarPE004. We compared the single and multiple gene knockout capabilities of the LarPE004-driven single transcription unit CRISPR-Cas9 (STU-Cas9) and two transcription unit CRISPR-Cas9 (TTU-Cas9) systems. Our findings showed that the LarPE004::STU-Cas9 system was more efficient than the LarPE004::TTU-Cas9 system and significantly outperformed the CaMV 35S- and ZmUbi1-driven STU-Cas9 systems. Moreover, the LarPE004::STU-Cas9 system demonstrated improved capabilities for multiple gene editing in larch. The LarPE004::STU-SpRY system based on Cas9 mutant protein SpRY facilitated the efficient editing of various PAM sites in larch. Combining these findings, we developed LarPE004::STU-Cas9, an efficient CRISPR-Cas9 genome system for single and multiple gene editing, establishing a foundation for functional genomics research and molecular breeding in larch.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"244 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical and dual transcriptomic analysis reveals the interaction of “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” and citrus host in new shoots at different growth stage","authors":"Jiaming Li, Jinghan Chen, Wenxia Huang, Xiaohong Chen, Cuixiao Li, Meirong Xu, Xiaoling Deng, Zheng Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"“<ce:italic>Candidatus</ce:italic> Liberibacter asiaticus” (CLas), the causal agent of citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), poses a significant threat to citrus production worldwide. New shoots play a crucial role in the HLB pathosystem, serving as key sites for CLas acquisition and transmission by insect vector. However, CLas-host interactions in newly developing shoots remain poorly understood. This study investigated CLas population dynamic, anatomical change and dual transcriptomic profiles in new shoots at different growth stage after pruning two-years-old CLas-infected citrus plants. CLas population increased rapidly within 2 weeks after pruning (WAP), peaked at 4 WAP and subsequently declined between 6 WAP and 8 WAP. CLas infection inhibited the shoots growth and induced severe phloem collapse, particularly at 8 WAP. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that CLas genes involved in transcription/translation, lipid transport and metabolism, energy production, and resilience to host immune response were highly expressed at 4 WAP and 8 WAP, indicating active bacterial adaptation. In citrus, CLas infection primary affected metabolism, hormone signal transduction, cell wall metabolism, and transcription factors, particularly trihelix and bHLH families. The activation of citrus genes related to α-linolenic acid, WRKY and MYB transcription factors, pathogenesis-related proteins, and Ca<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup>-mediated signaling suggested potential defense response against in new shoots. These finding provide a comprehensive transcriptome landscape of CLas and its host in developing shoots, offering new insights into CLas-host interactions and potential defense mechanisms in citrus.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative responsive patterns of Opisthopappus taihangensis and Opisthopappus longilobus under salt stress by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS)","authors":"Yuexin Shen, Yimeng Zhang, Mian Han, Ting Gao, Xiaojuan Zhou, Qi Wu, Tingyu Wang, Haoyuan Dan, Li Liu, Min Chai, Yiling Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"The unique and challenging environment of the cliffs gives <ce:italic>Opisthopapus</ce:italic> genus (<ce:italic>Opisthopappus taihangensis</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>Opisthopappus longilobus</ce:italic>) a strong tolerance to harsh climatic conditions. Under salt stress, the physiological indexes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), soluble protein (SP), chlorophyll (Chl), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), generally increased with the treatment levels. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), MEdarkmagenta module in <ce:italic>O. taihangensis</ce:italic> (182 genes) and MEdarkgreen module in <ce:italic>O. longilobus</ce:italic> (281 genes) were screened, which significantly related with SOD, CAT, SP, and POD. With genome-wide association studies (GWAS), it found that abundant SNPs was significantly correlated with the SOD index. Among WGCNA and GWAS, there was eleven common differentially expressed genes (c-DEGs) in <ce:italic>O. taihangensis</ce:italic> and seventeen c-DEGs in <ce:italic>O. longilobus</ce:italic>, respectively. For <ce:italic>O. taihangensis,</ce:italic> it responded to the stress primarily through the proteasome and lipid metabolism pathways involved in <ce:italic>PSMB2</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>PSMA4</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>PLD1_2</ce:italic> genes. In contrast, <ce:italic>O. longilobus</ce:italic> activated the oxidative phosphorylation pathway and then influenced the amino acid biosynthesis, terpenoid biosynthesis, and signaling transduction pathways (e.g., GA, JA, and MAPK) mainly involved <ce:italic>MYC2</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>GID1</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>CYP82G1</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>TYRAAT</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>MAPKKK17_18</ce:italic> genes. Compared with <ce:italic>O. taihangensis, O. longilobus</ce:italic> activated additional genes through more pathways to respond to salt stress. According to May-Wigner theory, the simple gene regulatory network was more stable than the complex. Thus, it suggested that <ce:italic>O. taihangensis</ce:italic> had superior tolerance and adaptation than <ce:italic>O. longilobus.</ce:italic> The results initially explored the potential responsive mechanism of two species under salt stress. These would establish the foundation for further investigations of the <ce:italic>Opisthopapus</ce:italic> tolerances, provide clues for the study of other cliff plants in the Taihang Mountains, and lay lights for the performing of Asteraceae cross-breeding.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A natural variant in MdNAC25 promoter contributes to fruit harvest date divergence in apple","authors":"Zhiyong Wu, Zhe Zhou, Yarong Wang, Chunyan Wang, Zhenli Yan, Qiming Gao, Zhenzhen Liu, Yaru Zhang, Xiangpeng Meng, Yiru Yang, Hussain Ahmed, Md Marufur Rahman, Hengtao Zhang, Jia-Long Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit ripening is a quantitative trait governed by multiple genes, influencing fruit quality and commercial values. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying this process remain poorly understood. Here, we elucidate the role of <ce:italic>MdNAC25</ce:italic> in regulating apple fruit ripening. We identified allele-specific expression (ASE) of <ce:italic>MdNAC25</ce:italic> in various apple cultivars, driven by a 4-bp deletion in its promoter. This deletion created a key regulatory element, ACS2-TAAAATAT, which enhanced <ce:italic>MdNAC25</ce:italic> promoter activity in tobacco leaf promoter-reporter assays. Additionally, a long non-coding RNA (<ce:italic>lncRNA-nac25</ce:italic>) located upstream of <ce:italic>MdNAC25</ce:italic> also exhibited ASE and was positively correlated with <ce:italic>MdNAC25</ce:italic> expression. The ACS2-TAAAATAT element, positioned between <ce:italic>MdNAC25</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>lncRNA-nac25,</ce:italic> functioned as a bidirectional enhancer, regulating both genes. Overexpression and silencing experiments demonstrated that <ce:italic>lncRNA-nac25</ce:italic> enhanced <ce:italic>MdNAC25</ce:italic> expression. Genetic association studies in 154 apple accessions linked the <ce:italic>MdNAC25</ce:italic> allele with the 4-bp deletion to earlier fruit ripening. This allele was significantly more frequent in cultivated apples than in wild species, indicating artificial selection. Furthermore, overexpression of <ce:italic>MdNAC25</ce:italic> in non-ripening (nor) mutant tomatoes restored ripening, reinforcing its functional significance. Comparative genomic analysis revealed conservation of the ACS2-TAAAATAT element across Rosaceae fruit trees, including peach, pear, plum, and apricot, underscoring <ce:italic>MdNAC25</ce:italic> as a key regulator of fruit ripening across species.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144305100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potato StCERK1 is a key regulator of plant immunity against multiple pathogens","authors":"Lijuan Cao, Mingchuan Pan, Langhua Yu, Chuntao Lv, Dandan Zhao, Wei Wu, Futing Li, Ju Ai, Dongli Gao, Sanwen Huang, Yi Shang, Xuming Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"Potato (<ce:italic>Solanum tuberosum</ce:italic> L.), the world's third-largest crop, faces significant yield losses due to susceptibility to diverse plant pathogens, impacting global food security. Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) activate plant immunity by recognizing damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs and PAMPs). Among these, chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 (CERK1) is essential for detecting chitin and confers resistance to various pathogens in <ce:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>Oryza sativa</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>Solanum lycopersicum</ce:italic>. However, generating homozygous mutants in potato is challenging, leaving functions of CERK1 in potato (StCERK1) unexplored. This study identified StCERK1 in potato and applied a tRNA scaffolded gRNA editing strategy with four gRNAs to edit the <ce:italic>StCERK1</ce:italic> gene in tetraploid potato, generating homozygous mutants with high efficiency. We confirmed StCERK1 as a functional kinase and found that it was essential for chitin signal response in potato. It is likely involved in regulating potato immunity through the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, phenotypic analysis revealed that <ce:italic>stcerk1</ce:italic> mutants exhibit increased susceptibility to <ce:italic>Phytophthora infestans, Alternaria solani,</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>Ralstonia solanacearum</ce:italic> compared to the wild type. Notably, StCERK1 was also implicated in tuber disease resistance. These findings highlight StCERK1 as a key regulator of potato immunity against multiple pathogens, suggesting potential strategies for broad-spectrum crop resistance against diseases in agricultural production through the utilization of plant immune receptors.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"625 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144305101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of diverse pear genetic resources using a combination of MIG-seq and whole-genome sequencing","authors":"Sogo Nishio, Norio Takada, Yukie Takeuchi, Shuri Kato, Hiroyuki Iketani","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"Pears (<ce:italic>Pyrus</ce:italic> spp.), which are distributed across temperate regions of Eurasia, include several economically important species. Pear species and cultivar classification is always controversial, because hybridization occurs easily, due to a low reproductive barrier. To reveal the genetic diversity and genetic relationships among pear genetic resources, we applied multiplexed inter-simple sequence repeat genotyping by sequencing (MIG-seq) to accessions registered in the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) Genebank, including several introduced from abroad and the wild individuals collected in Japan. In addition, whole-genome sequencing data from a public database were combined with MIG-seq data to improve the reliability of species and group classifications. Out of the 1018 accessions genotyped, we identified 97 synonym groups consisting of 267 accessions. After eliminating all but one accession from each synonym group, we identified some mislabeled and misclassified accessions by means of population structure analysis. The genetic clusters estimated by our population structure analyses revealed that our materials and criteria for pear group and species classification were similar to those used for the public database. Our analyses clarified that (1) <ce:italic>P. ussuriensis</ce:italic> var. <ce:italic>aromatica</ce:italic> arose from hybridization of Japanese pear (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic>. <ce:italic>pyrifolia</ce:italic>) and <ce:italic>P. ussuriensis</ce:italic> var. <ce:italic>hondoensis</ce:italic>, (2) the genetic composition of Japanese pear originated mainly from Chinese pear, whereas ancestral compositions from <ce:italic>P. ussuriensis</ce:italic> var. <ce:italic>hondoensis</ce:italic> were very limited in Japanese pear, and (3) <ce:italic>P. pashia</ce:italic> in Nepal and <ce:italic>P. dimorphophylla</ce:italic>, included in Asian pea pear groups, contain unique ancestral compositions that are genetically distinct from those of other Asian pea pear groups.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"10 8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic analysis of leaf apoplast reveals that a jasmonate-regulated CHIA participates in the response to cold and drought stress in jojoba","authors":"Lamei Zheng, Bojing Li, Qi Liu, James Edward Richardson, Yijun Zhou, Fei Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"Jojoba is a woody oil crop of economic importance. However, it is sensitive to low temperatures, which hinders its cultivation in temperate arid regions. The apoplast is a cellular component outside the plasma membrane of plant cells and is widely involved in the response of plants to environmental stress. Here, we used the infiltration-centrifugation method to extract apoplast fluid from jojoba leaves and analyzed changes in the apoplast proteome after cold acclimation using quantitative proteomics. In total, 751 apoplast proteins were identified in jojoba, and the abundance of 200 proteins showed significant changes after cold acclimation. These proteins were primarily involved in defense, cell wall modification, carbohydrate metabolism, and redox balance. We also investigated the function and regulation of a cold acclimation-responsive class III chitinase <ce:italic>ScCHIA</ce:italic>. The results showed that the overexpression of <ce:italic>ScCHIA</ce:italic> enhanced the tolerance of <ce:italic>Arabidopsis</ce:italic>, yeast, and jojoba to low temperature and osmotic stress. Under cold stress, <ce:italic>ScCHIA</ce:italic>-overexpressing <ce:italic>Arabidopsis</ce:italic> accumulated more osmolytes, activated antioxidant enzymes, and reduced stomatal aperture size, which may contribute to enhanced tolerance to cold stress. <ce:italic>ScCHIA</ce:italic> was induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) application, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), yeast one-hybrid (Y1H), and luciferase activity assays demonstrated that an E-box <ce:italic>cis</ce:italic>-acting element on the <ce:italic>ScCHIA</ce:italic> gene promoter mediated regulation of <ce:italic>ScCHIA</ce:italic> by MeJA signaling, indicating that elevated levels of MeJA caused by cold acclimation may promote the expression of <ce:italic>ScCHIA</ce:italic>, thereby enhancing the cold tolerance of jojoba. Our research highlights the important role of the apoplast in plant response to low temperature stress and improves the understanding of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of plant chitinases in abiotic stress response.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}