疏树强度对黄土高原开放式中心冠层苹果园光合性能、光保护和果实品质的影响

IF 6.2 1区 农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE
Yuan Wan, Lu Lin, Hongning Wang, Lu Yu, Xiaogai Cheng, Zhiqiang Li, Zhongding Wu, Zimian Niu
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In three successive experimental years, changes in spatiotemporal variations of photosynthetically active radiation (<ce:italic>PAR</ce:italic>) intercepted by canopy, leaf gas exchange, gross photosynthetic rate (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">g</ce:inf>), photorespiration rate (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">r</ce:inf>), nonphotochemical quenching (<ce:italic>NPQ</ce:italic>) dark relaxation curves, antioxidant enzyme activity [ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD)], and fruit quality were carefully measured and compared. Results showed that compared with NT, LT increased <ce:italic>PAR</ce:italic> by 36 %, maximum net photosynthetic rate under light saturation (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">nmax,P</ce:inf>) by 30 %, carboxylation efficiency (<ce:italic>CE</ce:italic>) by 37 %, fruit soluble solid content (SSC) by 4 %, and peel anthocyanin content (AC) by 20 %. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

开放式中心树冠(OCC)已成为黄土高原苹果树果园盛果期常见的树形。本研究旨在通过不同强度的间伐,阐明黄土高原密集冠层OCC苹果园优化种植密度、提高光合性能和改善果实品质的生理调控机制。本研究以三种OCC苹果树种植密度为试验材料。这些方法包括不间伐[NT, 3米(株)× 4米(行)],低强度间伐[LT,即基于NT的第一次间伐:4米(株)× 6米(行)],以及高强度间伐[HT,即基于LT的第二次间伐:6米(株)× 8米(行)]。在连续3年的实验中,仔细测量并比较了冠层截获的光合有效辐射(PAR)、叶片气体交换、总光合速率(Pg)、光呼吸速率(Pr)、非光化学猝灭(NPQ)暗松弛曲线、抗氧化酶活性[抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)]和果实品质的时空变化。结果表明,与NT相比,LT可使PAR提高36%,光饱和下最大净光合速率(Pnmax,P)提高30%,羧化效率(CE)提高37%,果实可溶性固形物含量(SSC)提高4%,果皮花青素含量(AC)提高20%。此外,在PAR为2 000 μmol m−2 s−1(52%)、NPQ可逆组分[r(qE) 9%]和抗氧化酶(SOD) 10%的条件下,LT通过提高Pr与Pg的比值增强了光防护能力。与NT相比,HT提高了PAR 71%、Pnmax、P 67%、CE 65%、SSC 9%和AC 37%,并通过提高Pr/Pg(116%)、r(qE)(11%)和SOD活性(29%)增强了光防护能力。PAR与果实品质指标(单果重、SSC和AC)的Pearson相关系数分别为0.89、0.73和0.96。单果重和SSC与光合参数(Pnmax、P和CE)呈极显著正相关。综上所述,疏树后苹果树OCC内光环境得到显著改善,叶片光合和光防护能力增强,果实品质显著提高。在剂量反应方面,高强度减薄表现出最显著的增强效应。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Tree thinning intensity modulates photosynthetic performance, photoprotection, and fruit quality in open-central canopy apple orchards of the Loess Plateau
Open-central canopy (OCC) has become the popular tree shape for arboreal apple orchards in full fruit period in the Loess Plateau of China. This study aimed to elucidate the physiological regulation mechanisms related to planting density optimization, photosynthetic performance enhancement, and fruit quality improvement in dense-canopy OCC apple orchards in the Loess Plateau of China through tree thinning practices at different intensities. This study used three planting densities of OCC apple trees as experimental materials. These include no thinning [NT, 3 m (plant) × 4 m (row)], low-intensity thinning [LT, i.e., first thinning based on NT: 4 m (plant) × 6 m (row)], and high-intensity thinning [HT, i.e., second thinning based on LT: 6 m (plant) × 8 m (row)]. In three successive experimental years, changes in spatiotemporal variations of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intercepted by canopy, leaf gas exchange, gross photosynthetic rate (Pg), photorespiration rate (Pr), nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) dark relaxation curves, antioxidant enzyme activity [ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD)], and fruit quality were carefully measured and compared. Results showed that compared with NT, LT increased PAR by 36 %, maximum net photosynthetic rate under light saturation (Pnmax,P) by 30 %, carboxylation efficiency (CE) by 37 %, fruit soluble solid content (SSC) by 4 %, and peel anthocyanin content (AC) by 20 %. Moreover, LT enhanced the photoprotective capacity through elevated ratio of Pr to Pg under PAR of 2 000 μmol m−2 s−1 (52 %), the reversible component in NPQ [r(qE), 9 %], and antioxidant enzymes (SOD 10 %). Compared with NT, HT enhanced PAR by 71 %, Pnmax,P by 67 %, CE by 65 %, SSC by 9 %, and AC by 37 % and boosted photoprotection through increased Pr/Pg (116 %), r(qE) (11 %), and SOD activity (29 %). The Pearson Correlation Coefficients between PAR and the fruit quality indices (including single fruit weight, SSC, and AC) were 0.89, 0.73, and 0.96, respectively. Single fruit weight and SSC were significantly and positively correlated with photosynthetic parameters (such as Pnmax,P and CE). In summary, after tree thinning, the light environment in the OCC of apple trees was remarkably improved, and the leaf photosynthetic and photoprotective capacities were enhanced, thus significantly boosting fruit qualities. In terms of the dose responses, high-intensity thinning demonstrated the most significant enhanced effects.
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来源期刊
Horticultural Plant Journal
Horticultural Plant Journal Environmental Science-Ecology
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
14.00%
发文量
293
审稿时长
33 weeks
期刊介绍: Horticultural Plant Journal (HPJ) is an OPEN ACCESS international journal. HPJ publishes research related to all horticultural plants, including fruits, vegetables, ornamental plants, tea plants, and medicinal plants, etc. The journal covers all aspects of horticultural crop sciences, including germplasm resources, genetics and breeding, tillage and cultivation, physiology and biochemistry, ecology, genomics, biotechnology, plant protection, postharvest processing, etc. Article types include Original research papers, Reviews, and Short communications.
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