Histology and histopathology最新文献

{"title":"Clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the gallbladder.","authors":"Hui Tang, Xiaojun Jiang, Lili Zhu, Liming Xu, Xiaoxi Wang, Hong Li, Feifei Gao, Xinxin Liu, Chuanli Ren, Yan Zhao","doi":"10.14670/HH-18-788","DOIUrl":"10.14670/HH-18-788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinomas (GB-NECs) are a rare subtype of malignant gallbladder cancer (GBC). The genetic and molecular characteristics of GB-NECs are rarely reported. This study aims to assess the frequency of microsatellite instability (MSI) in GB-NECs and characterize their clinicopathologic and molecular features in comparison with gallbladder adenocarcinomas (GB-ADCs). Data from six patients with primary GB-NECs and 13 with GB-ADCs were collected and reevaluated. MSI assay, immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2), comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) via next-generation sequencing (NGS), and evaluation of tumor mutation burden (TMB) were conducted on these samples. The six GB-NEC cases were all female, with a mean age of 62.0±9.2 years. Of these, two cases were diagnosed as large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs), while the remaining four were small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (SCNECs). Microsatellite states observed in both GB-NECs and GB-ADCs were consistently microsatellite stable (MSS). Notably, <i>TP53</i> (100%, 6/6) and <i>RB1</i> (100%, 6/6) exhibited the highest mutation frequency in GB-NECs, followed by <i>SMAD4</i> (50%, 3/6), <i>GNAS</i> (50%, 3/6), and <i>RICTOR</i> (33%, 2/6), with <i>RB1, GNAS,</i> and <i>RICTOR</i> specifically present in GB-NECs. Immunohistochemical (IHC) assays of p53 and Rb in the six GB-NECs were highly consistent with genetic mutations detected by targeted NGS. Moreover, no statistical difference was observed in TMB between GB-NECs and GB-ADCs (<i>p</i>=0.864). Although overall survival in GB-NEC patients tended to be worse than in GB-ADC patients, this difference did not reach statistical significance (<i>p</i>=0.119). This study has identified the microsatellite states and molecular mutation features of GB-NECs, suggesting that co-mutations in <i>TP53</i> and <i>RB1</i> may signify a neuroendocrine inclination in GB-NECs. The IHC assay provides an effective complement to targeted NGS for determining the functional status of p53 and Rb in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"389-400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141748014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of preduodenal ileal surgical transposition on enteroendocrine intestinal cells in wistar rats: Histomorphological and serum changes.","authors":"Francisco-Javier Campos-Martínez, Jesús-María Salas-Álvarez, Joshua Falckenheiner-Soria, Carmen Murube-Algarra, Alonso Camacho-Ramírez, Francisco-Manuel Visiedo-García, J Arturo Prada-Oliveira, Gonzalo M Pérez-Arana, Antonio Ribelles-García","doi":"10.14670/HH-18-791","DOIUrl":"10.14670/HH-18-791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In our study, we focused on the role of the distal ileum as a main endocrine actor in relation to the pancreas. We investigated the effects of intestinally released hormones on the pancreas in terms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) improvement, as a main effect of bariatric surgeries. To specifically study the importance of the ileum, we used an experimental surgical model performed in healthy Wistar rats. After preduodenal transposition of the ileum, we analyzed the histology and enterohormonal cells of the intestine. We measured the plasma level of several hormones and effectors in this enteropancreatic axis. We used a surgical control (Sham) group and a surgical group, where ileum preduodenal transposition (PDIT) was performed. We measured basal glycemia and serum levels of several incretins, including GLP-1, PYY, and GIP, and we performed a glucose overdose test. After two test periods, the basal glycemia and glucose overdose results were not different between groups, however, the PDIT group had significantly increased expression of GLP-1, with increased cellular release in the ileum and duodenum compared with the Sham group. Both plasma GIP levels and GIP tissue expression were decreased in the PDIT group compared with the sham group. There were no differences in PPY hormone levels. The ileum crypts and villi of the PDIT group showed improvement in histological parameters. We concluded that model animals had an altered transposed ileum related to the enterohormonal adaptation of the ileum. Our results indicated that the ileum is important in the hormonal control of the enteropancreatic axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"307-316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory effect of Curcumin on a cervical cancer cell line via the RAS/RAF signaling pathway.","authors":"İlhan Özdemir, Fuat Zaman, Dilek Doğan Baş, Umut Sari, Şamil Öztürk, Mehmet Cudi Tuncer","doi":"10.14670/HH-18-797","DOIUrl":"10.14670/HH-18-797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cervical cancer has a very important place in female infertility and ranks fourth among cancers affecting women. Curcumin (CUR) is closely associated with the expression and activity of various regulatory proteins. It is also known that curcumin has preventive and therapeutic effects on various types of cancer. In this study, the anticancer activities of curcumin were demonstrated in the human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>qRT-PCR and western blot analyses were used to evaluate mRNA and protein expression of curcumin in HeLa and immortalized human skin keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT) (proliferation and apoptosis regulatory markers of the RAS/RAF signaling pathway). MTT analysis was performed, showing HeLa and HaCaT cell proliferation depending on the dose and duration of curcumin and doxorubicin. A wound scratch healing assay was applied to examine cell migration and invasion of HeLa after curcumin application. To determine the role of curcumin and doxorubicin in the apoptosis of HeLa cells, the mRNA levels of caspase-3 were examined by qRT-PCR. The results were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA SPSS 20.0 program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CUR (IC50: 242.8 μM) and DOX (IC50: 92.1 μM) were determined to have the ability to inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells and induce apoptosis over a 72-hour period and dose-dependently. Moreover, the results revealed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of RAF and RAS in HeLa cells were downregulated by CUR and DOX.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings show that an alternative treatment method for cervical cancer can be developed with the application of CUR and DOX. Alternative methods for cervical cancer treatment may be developed using different methods in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"327-334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141874695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFNA4 deletion suppresses the migration, invasion, stemness, and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells through the inactivation of Pygo2/Wnt signaling.","authors":"Xian Wang, Tiran Zhang, Rong Yu","doi":"10.14670/HH-18-779","DOIUrl":"10.14670/HH-18-779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric cancer represents an aggressive malignancy and a leading contributor to cancer death. Ephrin-A4 (EFNA4) has been proposed to be related to the immune microenvironment and prognosis of gastric cancer. This study was undertaken to discuss the participation and mechanism of EFNA4 in the development of gastric cancer. RT-qPCR and western blot examined EFNA4 and Pygopus2 (Pygo2) expression in gastric cancer cells. After transfection of EFNA4 interference plasmids or co-transfection of EFNA4 interference plasmids and Pygo2 overexpression plasmids, cell proliferation was detected by the CCK-8 method and EDU staining. Wound healing, Transwell, TUNEL, and endothelial cell tube formation assays detected cell migration, invasion, apoptosis, and angiogenesis, respectively. Western blot examined the expression of metastasis-, apoptosis-, angiogenesis-, and Wnt signaling-associated proteins. Cell stemness was estimated by the sphere formation assay, RT-qPCR, and western blot. Through the experimental data, it was noticed that EFNA4 expression was increased in gastric cancer cells. Knockdown of EFNA4 suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis as well as stemness while aggravating the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Also, EFNA4 depletion reduced Pygo2 protein expression and then inactivated Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Further elevation of Pygo2 reversed the impacts of EFNA4 silencing on Wnt/β-catenin signaling, cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, angiogenesis as well as stemness in gastric cancer. Accordingly, the knockdown of EFNA4 might downregulate Pygo2 and inactivate Wnt/β-catenin signaling to exert protective effects against gastric cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"343-356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wnt5a regulates the expression of developmental genes in the adult retina following optic nerve crush injury.","authors":"Gabrielle A Albano, Paola E Parrales, Abigail S Hackam","doi":"10.14670/HH-18-896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-18-896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways are well-characterized regulators of retinal development. Wnt signaling also promotes neuroprotection and regeneration in adult tissues, including retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and axonal regrowth after optic nerve injury. However, it is unknown whether Wnt-dependent neuroprotection after injury in the adult CNS is associated with altered expression of developmental genes. Muller glia are a prominent radial glia type in the retina that play critical roles in retinal neuron protection, RGC neurite growth, and axon regeneration by acting through Wnt and other signaling pathways. We recently used mass spectrometry to characterize proteins secreted from Muller glia in response to Wnt signaling. In this study, we investigated whether the Wnt-induced Muller glia secretome includes proteins involved in development and whether their corresponding genes are regulated by Wnt5a during axonal regeneration in a mouse model of optic nerve crush (ONC) injury. Adult mice received intravitreal injections of Wnt5a or saline at the time of ONC injury, and then retina tissue was collected at early time points post-injury. The expression of candidate Wnt-regulated developmental genes and related proteins were characterized by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Our findings revealed that Wnt5a downregulated the expression of specific developmental genes, including cilia-related genes <i>Nphp4, INTU</i>, and <i>Jade1</i>, as well as transcriptional regulators <i>Pax6</i> and <i>Tsc1</i>, with time-dependent changes observed during axonal regrowth. Several of these genes were localized to RGCs and inner nuclear layer cells, suggesting direct effects in RGCs and contributions from Muller glia. These results demonstrate that specific developmental gene pathways are suppressed by Wnt5a in association with RGC survival and axon regrowth following injury. Therefore, this study adds to our knowledge of potential mechanisms of Wnt-mediated optic nerve regeneration and identifies new categories of putative regeneration-regulating genes for further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"18896"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prognostic value of adipokine receptors leptinR and adiponectinR1 in obesity-inducible solid tumours.","authors":"Isabella Bollen, Marit Bernhardt, Thore Thiesler, Franziska Isabelle Winterhagen, Andreas Türler, Manuel Ritter, Alexander Mustea, Glen Kristiansen","doi":"10.14670/HH-18-895","DOIUrl":"10.14670/HH-18-895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With the rising incidence of life expectancy, obesity, and tumours, understanding the incretory influence of adipose tissue in tumorigenesis becomes increasingly important. As the adipokines leptin and adiponectin are released by fat tissue, we aimed to analyse the expression of their respective receptors in tumours for which an association with obesity is epidemiologically hypothesised.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The expression of leptinR and adipoR1 were analysed in cohorts of renal cell cancer (n=391), cervical cancer (n=155), vulvar cancer (n=107), and endometrial cancer (n=90) by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathological parameters including survival times.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Expression of leptinR was high in renal cell cancer (62.2% of cases), vulvar carcinoma (50%), and endometrial cancer (80.5% of tissue-samples). High expression was associated with favourable clinicopathological markers and longer overall survival times in renal cell and vulvar cancer. AdipoR1 was only weakly expressed in all four tumour entities and did not show significant associations with clinicopathological parameters or prognosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High leptinR is a promising biomarker of favourable tumour outcomes in renal cell carcinoma and vulvar carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"18895"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NTRK protein expression in NSCLC and its clinicopathological correlation.","authors":"Jair Gutierrez-Herrera, M Angeles Montero-Fernandez, Luigi De Petris, Ricardo Guijarro, Simon Ekman, Cristian Ortiz-Villalón","doi":"10.14670/HH-18-894","DOIUrl":"10.14670/HH-18-894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a complex disease with diverse clinical and molecular characteristics. Since the discovery of the oncogenic neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) gene fusion in colorectal cancer in 1986, its understanding has gradually progressed. NTRK's relevance is crucial to understanding some tumor development and how specific tyrosine receptor kinase inhibitors (TRKI) work. <i>NTRK1, NTRK2,</i> and <i>NTRK3</i> (encoding the neurotrophin receptors TRKA, TRKB, and TRKC, respectively) rearrangement induces high tumor transforming ability. This study investigates the clinical relevance of NTRK immunohistochemistry in NSCLC patients in a cohort of 482 patients from Karolinska University Hospital with detailed clinical and pathological studies. Immunohistochemical staining for NTRK expression was performed, and the results were correlated with patient demographics, histological subtypes, tumor extent, and staging. Our findings revealed that NTRK expression, predominantly membranous and cytoplasmic, was detected in 22 out of 482 cases (4.56%). Notably, NTRK expression was more frequently observed in squamous-cell carcinoma (SqCC) than in adenocarcinoma (AdCa). Clinical correlations indicated a significant association between NTRK expression and histologic subtypes (<i>p</i><0.001) and grade of differentiation (<i>p</i>=0.036). However, no significant correlations were observed with age, sex, tumor size, staging, or OS. NTRK immunohistochemistry represents a potential biomarker for a subset of NSCLC patients, particularly those with SqCC histology. Understanding the clinical implications of NTRK expression may contribute to personalized treatment strategies in NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"18894"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pinocembrin ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by activating Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.","authors":"Weina Chen, Diming Xue, Xia Feng, Yinhang Zhong, Quanqing Li, Weihang Zhang, Guojun Jiang","doi":"10.14670/HH-18-893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-18-893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The high intake of high-fat diets and changes in sedentary lifestyles have led to an increase in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of Pinocembrin (Pin) on NAFLD <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The pharmacodynamics of Pin alone or in combination with ML385 was assessed in high-fat diet (HFD)-mediated NAFLD mice. HepG2 cells were treated with palmitic acid (PA)/oleic acid (OA) (1:2) as an <i>in-vitro</i> model to study the effect of Pin on lipid deposition and oxidative stress. The roles of Pin in glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and the Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB pathway were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pin alleviated lipid deposition, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in HFD-induced NAFLD mice and PA/OA-induced HepG2 cells. Moreover, ML385 partly attenuated the protection of Pin on inflammatory response and oxidative stress <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. More importantly, feeding with an HFD significantly decreased the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, but treatment with Pin increased their expression, accompanied by an increased nuclear transposition of Nrf2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taken together, these results indicated that Pin alleviated glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, inflammation, and oxidative stress in NAFLD by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and restraining the NF-κB pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"18893"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chelerythrine-mediated targeting of NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways alleviates liver injury in a carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis mouse model.","authors":"Yisong Ding, Xiaoming Li, Ruixing Qi, Yingshi Su, Xiaoli Wang","doi":"10.14670/HH-18-892","DOIUrl":"10.14670/HH-18-892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the mechanism and efficacy of chelerythrine (CHE) in treating carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced liver fibrosis, with a particular focus on the nuclear factor-erythroid-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathways.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mice were induced with CCl₄ for eight weeks and categorized into the control group, CCl₄ model group, and CHE low (7 mg/kg/d, ig,), medium (14 mg/kg/d, ig), and high-dose (28 mg/kg/d, ig) groups with 10 animals in each group. Following CHE treatment, liver sample morphology was assessed using multiple immunohistochemistry, and serum biochemical indicators were measured. ELISA was used to determine IL-10, IL-1β, and TNF-α contents. Western blotting and RT-PCR were employed to analyze protein and mRNA levels of α-SMA, Col-I, fibronectin, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, GCLc, GCLm, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, IκBα, and p-IκBα. Nrf2 knockout mice were used to assess the impact of CHE on the Nrf2 signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings demonstrated that CHE significantly ameliorated oxidative damage, inflammatory response, and liver fibrosis in CCl₄-induced mice. CHE treatment increased Nrf2 expression and its target proteins, including HO-1 and GCLc, an effect not observed in Nrf2 knockout mice. In addition, CHE reduced NF-κB expression levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that CHE can alleviate liver fibrosis in CCl₄-induced mice by modulating NF-κB/IκBα and Nrf2 signaling pathways. These findings propose CHE as a potential novel anti-liver fibrosis drug.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"18892"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive changes in the visual cortex after photoreceptor degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa.","authors":"Juan R Martinez-Galan, Elena Caminos","doi":"10.14670/HH-18-891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-18-891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of hereditary disorders that cause progressive retinal degeneration, affecting the rods and, subsequently, the cones, which results in progressive vision loss. RP is genetically heterogeneous and is inherited in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, or sporadic non-Mendelian manner. The recent advancements in repairing damaged retinas highlight the necessity of understanding the impact of photoreceptor degeneration on the visual cortex. This is because functional vision may not be adequately restored if this region is significantly impaired prior to treatment. In the present review, we have analyzed the rodent models of RP that have been most frequently used and the physiological and morphological changes occurring in both humans and rodents with this disorder. Following visually evoked stimulation, the processing of visual information in the primary visual cortex (V1) of individuals with RP is altered due to modifications in the transduction of the signal originating in the degenerated retina. Moreover, alterations in the intrinsic electrophysiological properties of cortical neurons and neural circuits have also been documented. Finally, several neurochemical and/or morphological changes are observed in synaptic structures associated with pyramidal neurons and in select inhibitory interneurons. Nevertheless, despite the physiological and morphological changes that have been described, the impact of RP on the visual cortex does not inevitably result in irreversible damage, as the alterations do not appear to be particularly severe. Brain plasticity is more restricted in adults; however, remodeling of the visual cortex in mice and humans is possible, which encourages further work on therapies capable of partially restoring the lost visual function.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"18891"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}