Histology and histopathology最新文献

{"title":"Structure and hormonal output of the adrenal gland after experimental estrogenization of male rats.","authors":"Vladimir Ajdžanović, Pavle Ćosić, Svetlana Trifunović, Branka Šošić-Jurjević, Marko Miler, Branko Filipović, Milica Manojlović-Stojanoski","doi":"10.14670/HH-18-872","DOIUrl":"10.14670/HH-18-872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orchidectomy and estrogenization of the male represent a procedure that is applicable in sex reassignment or in prostate cancer therapy. This approach has an influence on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and thus affects cardiovascular function and metabolism. We utilized orchidectomized rats to evaluate the effects of estradiol on the structure and hormonal output of the adrenal gland. Adult Wistar rats were divided into sham-operated (SO; n=7), orchidectomized (Orx; n=7), and estradiol-treated orchidectomized (Orx+E; n=7) groups. Estradiol-dipropionate (0.625 mg/kg b.m.) was administered subcutaneously for three weeks, while the SO and Orx groups received vehicle alone. Set objectives were achieved using histochemistry/immunohistochemistry, stereology, and immunoassays. In Orx+E rats, the hormonal milieu was characterized by decreased testosterone and increased ACTH, compared with the Orx group. Also, orchidectomy and estradiol treatment provoked a significant increase in adrenal cortex volume and volume of ZF <i>per se</i>, with increased cell and nuclei volumes in all three adrenocortical zones (ZG, ZF, and ZR), in comparison with Orx rats. Concentrations of aldosterone in blood, as well as corticosterone in blood and adrenal tissue were increased, while circulating DHEA was decreased (with increased immunoexpression of adrenocortical CYP 17 enzyme), all in Orx+E compared with Orx animals. The wide zonal distribution of VEGF and the pronounced blood supply within the ZF of Orx+E animals acted to support the synthesis and secretion of corticosteroids. These results seem cautionary in the context of young male estrogenization, given the negative impact of high mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids on cardiovascular function and metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1377-1396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytoskeleton proteins, the structural basis of T-lymphocyte and TEC restructure during rapid thymus regeneration.","authors":"Xunuo Wen, Jianli Gao","doi":"10.14670/HH-18-897","DOIUrl":"10.14670/HH-18-897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thymus regeneration is the main way for humans to combat immune degeneration and immunosenescence. The interesting cycle of thymus degeneration and regeneration achieves the renewal of adaptive immunity, which is crucial for reconstructing cellular immunity. Rapid thymic regeneration is the main renewal mode after various acute stress-induced thymic involutions, such as radiation, immunosuppressants, and starvation. The cytoskeleton is a key regulator of immune response by affecting the structure and function of immune cells. Our team has conducted years of research on rapid thymic regeneration and found that some types of cytoskeletal proteins, such as F-actin/G-actin, the Thymosin β family, ERM (Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin), and WAVE2, play a critical role in the spatial development of thymic epithelial cells (TECs), and finally regulate the regeneration of the thymus by modulating the skeleton of TECs and T lymphocytes. Here, we summarize the current understanding of cytoskeleton proteins and cell restructure of TECs or T lymphocytes and its relationship with the regeneration of the thymus.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1355-1366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of neutrophils and their immunosuppressive effects on prostate cancer.","authors":"Yihaoyun Lou, Zhiguo Fan, Shancheng Ren","doi":"10.14670/HH-18-890","DOIUrl":"10.14670/HH-18-890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of prostate cancer on a global scale, establishing it as the second most prevalent malignant tumor among European and American males. Neutrophils are myeloid immune cells that constitute a crucial proportion of inflammatory cells within the human circulatory system and actively contribute to the composition of the prostate tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent investigations have revealed that neutrophils are influenced by the surrounding tumor environment and possess a dual capacity to either promote or suppress cancer within the TME. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms of neutrophils in prostate cancer remain inadequately elucidated. In this review, we aimed to comprehensively outline the character of neutrophils in the development and progression of prostate cancer while also exploring the clinical prognostic significance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR).</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1347-1353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MLH1 and MSH2 expression in endometrial cancer - microscopic and computer assessment of immunohistochemical method.","authors":"Jan Rogaliński, Stanisław Przewoźny, Mateusz de Mezer, Anna Markowska, Janina Markowska, Jakub Żurawski","doi":"10.14670/HH-18-884","DOIUrl":"10.14670/HH-18-884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to compare MLH1 and MSH2 protein expression and Mismatch repair (MMR) status with clinical data: diagnosis, grading, and staging. Moreover, we wanted to assess any correlation between two immunohistochemical assessments: classic microscopic and computer analysis performed by a calibrated program.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Our studies were conducted on 95 cases of endometrial cancer. For each, we performed H+E staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of two MMR status proteins: MLH1 and MSH2. Two independent researchers assessed IHC on a 0 to ++++ scale. We classified cases as MMR-deficient based on the microscopic assessment of the absence of expression of at least one protein. For computer analysis, we used Olympus cellSens software to measure the positive IHC reaction area in µm² in five fields of vision.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite using two different assessment methods, we did not identify any statistically significant relationship between diagnosis, grading, staging, MMR protein expression, and MMR status. However, we found a strong correlation between computer analysis and semi-quantitative microscopic assessment (r=0.59 for MLH1 and r=0.76 for MSH2; <i>p</i><0.001 for both). Furthermore, we revealed that computer measurement of the expression area could be a good objective prediction test for microscopic analysis (<i>p</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We did not find a relationship between MMR status and grading, staging, or diagnosis. However, we present a novel approach to immunohistochemical assessment using computer analysis. It allows us to carry out more objective and accurate studies with the IHC method.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1425-1434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143412837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological changes in microglia in the mouse brain during postnatal development and obesity.","authors":"Yang Li, Chu Zhang, Ge Gao, Xiaonan Shao, Jing Kang, Xin Yan, Juntang Lin, Liang Qiao","doi":"10.14670/HH-18-976","DOIUrl":"10.14670/HH-18-976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microglia are innate immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and play critical roles in proper brain development and function. During postnatal development, microglia have a highly plastic morphology and change rapidly in response to the temporal brain environment. However, their dynamics and phenotypes during this period are still not fully elucidated. Here, we systematically elucidated microglial density and morphological changes during postnatal development as well as in pathological obese conditions. Our results demonstrated a spatiotemporal distribution of microglia in different brain regions associated with gradually increased microglial complexity during postnatal development. Moreover, microglia become reactive in most brain regions of obese mice, but their morphological diversity has a region-specific manner, with an obvious alteration in the hypothalamus. Overall, our data emphasized the morphological dynamics of microglia following developing time windows and provided the basic information for future investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"18976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastructural assessment of human periodontal ligament fibroblast interaction with bovine pericardium membranes: An <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Sara Bernardi, Enrico Marchetti, Diana Torge, Davide Simeone, Guido Macchiarelli, Serena Bianchi","doi":"10.14670/HH-18-860","DOIUrl":"10.14670/HH-18-860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research towards regenerative dentistry focused on developing scaffold materials whose high performance induces cell adhesion support and guides tissue growth. An early study investigated the proliferation abilities and attachment of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLFs) on two bovine pericardium membranes with different thicknesses, 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm. Following those published results, we examined the ultrastructure of HPLFs in contact with these membranes. The HPLFs were cultured in standard conditions, exposed to the tested materials, and, after 24 hours, subjected to transmission electron microscopy preparation. The examined parameters included the quality and distribution of mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and the nucleus. HPLFs exposed to membranes showed ultrastructural changes. The cellular compartments aimed at protein synthesis and metabolism increased compared with the control. Unpaired t-test and one-way ANOVA showed that HPLFs exposed to membranes displayed an increase in the number of mitochondria (89.23±7.44 vs. 66.90±9.58; T1 and control; <i>p</i><0.05 and 84.05±14.01 vs. 66.90±9.58; T2 and control; <i>p</i><0.05). The reported ultrastructural evidence suggests an active synthesis state of HPLFs, probably triggered by the bovine collagen membrane, showing an active role of this material in the biology of the regeneration process.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1185-1194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142894144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the impact of <i>Momordica Charantia</i> on the testis of cisplatin-treated albino rats: Biochemical, histopathological, and ultrastructural study.","authors":"Fatma Mohsen Shalaby, Amany Omar Elrefaie, Safaa Zaky Arafa, Kandil Abd Attia","doi":"10.14670/HH-18-867","DOIUrl":"10.14670/HH-18-867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cisplatin is an antineoplastic drug that exhibits toxicity dependent on dosage and has adverse reproductive effects. <i>Momordica charantia</i> (Bitter melon) is a natural vegetable plant; its active ingredients possess antioxidant, apoptotic, antiproliferative, hypoglycemic, and other therapeutic properties. This study evaluates the effect of the administration of bitter melon extract, cisplatin, and cisplatin/bitter melon cotreatment on liver and kidney functions, serum and testicular oxidative status, testis histology, and sperm parameters. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group I (Control) received normal saline, Group II received oral bitter melon extract (300 mg/kg), Group III received cisplatin (2.5 mg/kg), and Group IV received the same doses of cisplatin and bitter melon, for six successive weeks, daily. Our results showed that bitter melon extract stimulates antioxidant enzymes and has anti-lipid peroxidation properties through the significantly increased plasma levels of glutathione and significantly decreased testicular malondialdehyde. The cisplatin-treated group showed oxidative stress indicated by the significant decrease of catalase, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase levels and a significant increase in malondialdehyde levels in both serum and testis compared with the control group. In the cisplatin/bitter melon-cotreated group, there was a significant increase in superoxide dismutase and a significant decrease in malondialdehyde in both serum and testis compared with cisplatin-treated rats. The bitter melon alone or with cisplatin cotreatment resulted in reduced gonadosomatic index, sperm count, motility, and viability. These results were confirmed by histopathological examinations, apoptosis assay using flow cytometry, and immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In conclusion, the administration of bitter melon extract alone or in combination with cisplatin led to testicular structure disturbances and showed an anti-spermatogenic effect. These findings are likely due to a combination of inhibited cellular proliferation, increased cell death, minor decrease in testosterone levels, and localized oxidative stress that outweigh the antioxidant benefits of bitter melon extract.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1209-1226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142970614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 and concentrative nucleoside transporter 1 in colorectal cancer: What do we know? A systematic review.","authors":"Matthew McKenna, Saranya Linganathan, Amber Li, Fiona Ruge, Jane Lane, Lin Ye, Wen Jiang, Rachel Hargest","doi":"10.14670/HH-18-881","DOIUrl":"10.14670/HH-18-881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health challenge despite advances in screening, diagnosis, and treatment. This systematic review examines the roles of Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 (hENT1) and Human Concentrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 (hCNT1) in CRC, focusing on their expression, regulation, and impact on chemotherapeutic efficacy, particularly with nucleoside analogues like 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). We conducted a comprehensive literature search following PRISMA guidelines, yielding 29 studies that met our inclusion criteria. The review reveals variable expression of hENT1 and hCNT1 in CRC tissues compared with normal tissues, with implications for treatment response and development of resistance. Increased hENT1 expression is associated with poor outcomes and resistance to 5-FU, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for predicting treatment response. Conversely, hCNT1's role appears more complex, with its expression influencing the efficacy of other chemotherapeutic agents like gemcitabine and capecitabine. The review also highlights the lack of robust, standardised methods for assessing mRNA and protein levels, which complicates the interpretation of data and the establishment of these transporters as reliable clinical markers. Key findings include the potential therapeutic benefits of modulating hENT1 and hCNT1 expression to enhance drug efficacy and overcome resistance. The study underscores the need for further research using standardised and advanced methodologies, such as 3D cell culture assays, to better understand the mechanistic pathways and clinical implications of nucleoside transporter expression in CRC. Future research should aim to clarify the roles of hENT1 and hCNT1 in CRC and chemoresistance to develop targeted therapies and improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1153-1162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of the malignant behavior of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells by matrix metallopeptidase 25 through the NF-κB pathway.","authors":"Shuang Bai, Shao-Kang Sun, Zhen-Qi Xu, Ying-Bin Yan","doi":"10.14670/HH-18-852","DOIUrl":"10.14670/HH-18-852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Accumulating evidence has implicated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the progression of human cancers. Matrix metallopeptidase 25 (MMP25) is a membrane-type MMP whose role in tumorigenesis and cancer development is not well understood. Here, we investigated the functions of MMP25 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Gene expression was measured using real-time PCR and western blot. CCK-8 and Transwell assays were used to determine the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TSCC cells. An NK cell co-culture experiment was performed to evaluate the killing of TSCC cells by NK cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MMP25 had higher expression levels in TSCC tissues than in adjacent non-cancerous tissues. MMP25-overexpressing and MMP25-silenced TSCC cell lines were established by lentiviral transduction. Overexpression of MMP25 promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of TSCC cells, whereas knockdown of MMP25 had opposite effects. MMP25 modulated the levels of proliferation- and apoptosis-related proteins (PCNA, cyclin D, cyclin B1, p27, and cleaved caspase 3 and 9) and upregulated two invasion-related MMPs (mature MMP2 and MMP9). Additionally, MMP25 promoted tumor growth of TSCC cells in athymic nude mice. Notably, MMP25 upregulated PD-L1 in TSCC cells, attenuated NK cell killing of TSCC cells, and inhibited the secretion of anti-tumor cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ). Furthermore, MMP25 promoted the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, suggesting that activation of NF-κB signaling may mediate the pro-tumor functions of MMP25 in TSCC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed a novel role for MMP25 in TSCC, highlighting the potential of MMP25 as a therapeutic target in TSCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1261-1274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-related differences in the morphology of rectal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues in C57BL/6NCrSlc mice.","authors":"Md Zahir Uddin Rubel, Md Abdul Masum, Takashi Namba, Masaya Hiraishi, Yasuhiro Kon, Osamu Ichii","doi":"10.14670/HH-18-865","DOIUrl":"10.14670/HH-18-865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sex hormones regulate gut function and mucosal immunity; however, their specific effects on the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in the rectum of mammals remain unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the influence of sex on MALT in the rectum of mammals by focusing on the rectal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (RMALTs) of C57BL/6NCrSIc mice. Histological analysis revealed that RMALTs were predominantly located in the lamina propria and submucosa of the rectal mucosa, with a significant sex-related difference in the distance from the anorectal junction to the first appearance of the RMALT. Despite similar RMALT numbers, females exhibited significantly larger RMALTs than males. Immunostaining revealed the presence of various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, proliferative immune cells, lymphatic vessels, and high endothelial venules (HEVs), in RMALTs. Compared with males, females showed elevated T cell, helper T cell, and cytotoxic T-cell gene expression levels, along with high percentages of specific T-cell subsets. The factors influencing RMALT development, such as the presence of HEVs, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 expression, and RMALT-containing cell proliferation, were also explored. Overall, this study revealed the detailed attributes of RMALTs, their immune cell composition, and their determinants in male and female mice, providing insights into the sex-specific characteristics of the rectal mucosal immune system.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1195-1208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142948189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}