Histology and histopathology最新文献

{"title":"1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 mitigates high glucose-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and extracellular matrix accumulation in glomerular mesangial cells via the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway.","authors":"Qingyue Meng, Bo Chen, Chunjiang Zhang, Lin Jia, Xingyu Yao, Gang Liu","doi":"10.14670/HH-25-021","DOIUrl":"10.14670/HH-25-021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)₂D₃) is a physiologically active form of vitamin D. Our study investigated the renoprotective functions of 1,25(OH)₂D₃ in diabetic nephropathy (DN) progression and its underlying mechanism targeting the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DN was induced in Wistar rats via high-fat diet (4 weeks) and streptozotocin injection (30 mg/kg, i.p.); hyperglycemic rats were randomized into DN and DN + 1,25(OH)₂D₃ (16 μg/kg, 12 weeks) groups. Rat mesangial HBZY-1 cells were maintained under normal glucose (5.5 mM), high glucose (25 mM), high glucose plus 1,25(OH)₂D₃ (1-50 nM), or high glucose plus N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 10 mM). Cell viability was assessed by the CCK-8 assay. Oxidative stress parameters (ROS via DCFH-DA fluorescence, MDA content, SOD activity) and pyroptosis markers (LDH release, PI/Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining) were quantified. Renal histopathology was performed using PAS and Masson trichrome staining. Biochemical analyses included serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, and 24-h urinary protein quantification. Molecular profiling encompassed ELISA (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-18, fibronectin, collagen IV), RT-qPCR (NOX2, NOX4, NLRP3, ASC), western blotting (TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, collagen IV, fibronectin, laminin), and TXNIP immunofluorescence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1,25(OH)₂D₃ significantly attenuated high glucose-induced pathological alterations in HBZY-1 cells, including ROS overproduction, TXNIP upregulation, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, oxidative stress, inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and pyroptotic cell death. Consistently, 1,25(OH)₂D₃ suppressed ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling, ameliorated renal dysfunction, and mitigated histopathological damage in DN rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>1,25(OH)₂D₃ confers renoprotection in DN by inhibiting the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome axis, thereby suppressing oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine production, ECM accumulation, and pyroptotic cell death in glomerular mesangial cells and renal tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1131-1144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145661160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibiting NLPR3 inflammasome by FOXO3-mediated activation of SIRT2 alleviates myocardial injury in rats.","authors":"Xinbin Wang, Guligena Sawuer, Cheng Liang, Lu Lu, Gang Wu","doi":"10.14670/HH-25-020","DOIUrl":"10.14670/HH-25-020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury may cause serious arrhythmia and even sudden death. Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) belongs to NAD (+) dependent class III histone deacetylase. The present study explored the potential mechanism of SIRT2 in MI/R injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A rat model with MI/R injury was established. Differentially expressed genes in myocardial tissues of MI/R-treated rats and sham-operated rats were analyzed by microarray. The AAV9-encapsulated SIRT2 overexpression vector was injected into rats to evaluate the effect of SIRT2 on MI/R injury. Oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) treatment was used to simulate MI/R injury at a cellular level. SIRT2 overexpression vector was transfected into cardiomyocytes. The expression of forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), a potential transcription factor predicted to bind to SIRT2, was detected in myocardial tissues of modeled rats and OGD/R-treated cardiomyocytes. The effect of FOXO3 on OGD/R-treated cardiomyocytes was confirmed by functional rescue experiments. The expressions of NLRP3 and caspase1 were detected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SIRT2 was downregulated in myocardial tissues of MI/R-treated rats. Overexpression of SIRT2 alleviated MI/R injury in modeled rats and enhanced viability of OGD/R-treated cardiomyocytes. FOXO3 activated SIRT2 transcription and expression. FOXO3 was downregulated in the myocardial tissues of MI/R-treated rats and OGD/R-treated cardiomyocytes. Knockdown of FOXO3 weakened the effects of SIRT2 on MI/R injury. SIRT2 reduced MI/R injury by inhibiting NLPR3/caspase1 inflammasome signaling.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FOXO3 activates SIRT2 expression and inhibits NLPR3 inflammasome signaling pathway, thus alleviating MI/R injury. This study may offer a novel molecular target for the management of MI/R injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1117-1130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145654365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MPO-Mediated oxidative stress regulates lung tissue damage in T-COPD through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.","authors":"Wen Li, Kaican Zong, E Jiang, Chunyan Luo, Hengyi Chen","doi":"10.14670/HH-25-006","DOIUrl":"10.14670/HH-25-006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the role of MPO in regulating the NLRP3 signaling pathway and its impact on lung injury in a <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (T-COPD) model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>T-COPD was induced in mice by stimulating with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>, and lung tissues were collected for histological analysis. ELISA, qPCR, and western blot assays were performed to assess the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and markers of lung injury, including Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3). MPO-IN-5, an MPO inhibitor, was used to treat T-COPD mice, and its effects on inflammation and lung damage were evaluated. <i>In vitro</i>, murine lung epithelial MLE-12 cells were treated with LPS, CSE, and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> with or without MPO treatment, followed by assessments of cell viability, apoptosis, ROS levels, and NLRP3 pathway activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Histological analysis of the <i>M. tuberculosis</i>/COPD group revealed significant pulmonary edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and granuloma formation in the liver and spleen, compared with the COPD group. Pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-18, and IL-6 were elevated in the blood of the <i>M. tuberculosis</i>/COPD group. In the lungs, MPO expression and NLRP3 pathway activation were significantly increased. Treatment with MPO-IN-5 reduced the levels of LDH, CRP, and PCT, and reversed the morphological and inflammatory changes in lung tissue. Furthermore, MPO-IN-5 treatment also significantly decreased ROS production and the expression of inflammatory cytokines. <i>In vitro</i>, MPO treatment exacerbated NLRP3 activation in murine lung epithelial MLE-12 cells, while MPO inhibition (with MPO-IN-5) or NLRP3 knockdown mitigated these effects, enhancing cell proliferation and reducing apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that MPO plays a critical role in regulating the NLRP3 signaling pathway, contributing to lung injury in the T-COPD model. Inhibition of MPO with MPO-IN-5 effectively alleviates inflammation, reduces oxidative stress, and suppresses NLRP3 pathway activation, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for T-COPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1043-1054"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145328957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synovial histopathology in common orthopaedic joint conditions assessed with a modified Krenn synovitis score.","authors":"Zijun Zhang, Lew Schon","doi":"10.14670/HH-25-016","DOIUrl":"10.14670/HH-25-016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Synovial pathology impacts joint disease progression and clinical outcome. The goal of this study was to modify Krenn synovitis score for more accurate and comprehensive evaluation of common orthopaedic joint conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 31 synovial samples were collected during foot and ankle surgery. Synovial sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and picrosirius red. Immunohistochemistry for CD3 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was performed for inflammatory infiltration and fibroblast activation. Synovitis was evaluated with Krenn synovitis score and a modified Krenn synovitis score (MKSS), where the original subcategories of inflammatory infiltration and stromal cellularity were replaced with the density of CD3⁺T cells and collagen intensity, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 31 synovial samples, the average Krenn synovitis score was 1.5±1.3 and MKSS was 1.8±1.2 (<i>p</i>>0.05). The two scores were positively correlated in assessing synovial pathology (r=0.6; <i>p</i><0.001). The dominant subcategory shifted from stromal cellularity (64%) in Krenn synovitis score to the density of CD3⁺T cells (80%) in MKSS. By MKSS classification, but not Krenn synovitis score, type III collagen intensity and the ratio of type III over type I collagen increased in the synovitis group. The density of α-SMA⁺cells did not correlate with the intensity of synovial collagen and was not different between synovitis and non-synovitis samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While maintaining the concept and basic elements of the Krenn synovitis score, MKSS incorporated more accurate inflammatory infiltration and detailed fibrosis. It could provide a more comprehensive evaluation of synovial pathology in common orthopaedic joint conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1093-1100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145534339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histomorphological analysis of human cranial bones: Relationship to aging.","authors":"Treerat Gumpangseth, Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh","doi":"10.14670/HH-25-012","DOIUrl":"10.14670/HH-25-012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging induces alterations in bone microarchitecture, including bone function. This study aimed to identify histological changes in the components of cranial bones of the human skull and to investigate their relationship with aging. In this study, sixty-four fresh cranial remains were examined with an age range of 43-90 years, the crania being randomly selected to investigate the microstructure of the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital bones, which were stained using picrosirius red. Our results observed similar histological changes in the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital bones. Results of the histomorphological analyses demonstrated that there was an age-related gradual increase in the number of osteons. A distinct increase in the number of osteons in the cortical bone was found, particularly over 60 years. As age increased, the area of the circumferential lamellae adjacent to the periosteum also tended to diminish. A greater lamellar area was found in association with younger individuals, the area declining with age. In some samples from individuals older than 80 years, the outer circumferential lamellae were no longer visible. In addition, there was an association between cortical porosity and numbers, and the enlargement of porosity and age. The size of the pores in the cancellous bone tended to increase as well. This histomorphological study increases the comprehension regarding the relationship between the aging process and the structure of the human cranial bone in adults, and the results can be regarded as alternative data in the determination of age in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1005-1018"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145408922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient sampling of liver tissue for histological analysis of rodent MASLD/MASH models.","authors":"Jenny Norlin, Sara T Hjuler, Kasper Almholt, Rikke K Kirk, Henning Hvid","doi":"10.14670/HH-25-087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-25-087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mouse and rat models of MASLD/MASH can provide valuable information about the effects of potential new treatments on liver histopathology. Liver samples for histology must therefore be representative of the entire organ, but it is also important that they can be collected efficiently. In rodent toxicity studies, it is recommended to collect samples for histopathology from the left lateral liver lobe (LLL), the right medial lobe (RML), and the caudate lobe (CL). Samples collected from multiple lobes provide a representative overview of the entire liver, but at the same time, increase the workload in the histology laboratory. The aim of the present study was to explore whether the number of histology samples per animal could be reduced and still provide the same information about treatment effects on quantitative histology endpoints. This was examined in different mouse and rat MASH models, where fibrosis (marker: picrosirius red), stellate-cell activation (marker: smooth muscle actin), and inflammation (marker: CD45) were quantified by image analysis of the three recommended liver lobes. Results determined in a single lobe, as well as combined analysis of the LLL and RML, revealed the same relative treatment effects as analysis of all three lobes combined. Results from single lobes tended to have slightly higher variation than results based on the analysis of three lobes, with the CL being the most variable. In conclusion, sampling of the LLL and/or the RML provides information about treatment effects comparable to sampling of three lobes and allows for efficient processing of histology samples in the laboratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"25087"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of aldehyde and ethanol fixatives in urogenital tissue histology.","authors":"Bianca M Gregório, Carolinne R Macedo, Bruna Romana-Souza, Vinicius N Rocha, Elan C Paes-de-Almeida, Waldemar S Costa, Diogo Benchimol de Souza, Francisco J Sampaio","doi":"10.14670/HH-25-086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-25-086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Formaldehyde remains widely used as a fixative despite its documented risks. Ethanol-based fixatives have emerged as safer alternatives, but their performance in urogenital tissues has not been systematically assessed.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the histomorphological preservation of rat kidneys, prostate, penis, and testis fixed with ethanol versus formaldehyde-based solutions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six adult male rats were euthanized, and urogenital organs were collected and sectioned. Testes were initially fixed in Bouin's solution for 24h. All tissues were subsequently immersed in buffered formaldehyde (BF), buffered paraformaldehyde (BP), 70% unbuffered ethanol (UE), or 70% buffered ethanol (BE) for 96h (or 72h for testes following Bouin). Samples were processed for paraffin embedding and stained with H&amp;E. Four blinded examiners scored tissue preservation, staining quality, and artifacts using a 1-5 scale. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post-test (<i>p</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ethanol-based fixatives (UE and BE) consistently outperformed aldehyde-based fixatives (BF and BP). In kidneys, UE and BE yielded fewer artifacts and superior preservation of glomerular and tubular structures. In the prostate, these fixatives provided better epithelial and stromal quality and fewer artifacts. All fixatives adequately preserved penile cavernous tissue, but BE showed superior urothelial integrity. Following Bouin's pre-fixation, UE and BE improved staining and preservation of the germinal epithelium and Sertoli cells compared with aldehyde fixatives.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ethanol-based fixatives provide superior or comparable histomorphological preservation of urogenital tissues while avoiding the health and environmental risks associated with formaldehyde.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"25086"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Kininogen 1/bradykinin receptor B2 system serves as a key molecular response of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity and may be a potential target of absinthin.","authors":"Jiangying Long, Shaoshan Zhou, Cuizhi Li, Zhihua Tang, Fengfeng Li","doi":"10.14670/HH-25-085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-25-085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The occurrence of nephrotoxicity induced by Vancomycin (Van) has been documented in both experimental models and clinical patients. In this study, we aimed to identify potential gene targets by utilizing Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and a Van-induced mouse model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were filtered using GEO datasets (GSE7793), and a mouse model of nephrotoxicity was established by administering Van (400 mg/kg/day for 7 days) via intravenous injection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 485 DEGs were identified, consisting of 335 upregulated and 150 downregulated genes, based on the criteria of |Log2(fold change)| > 2 and <i>p</i>.adj < 0.05. Through the analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, 15 hub genes were identified, suggesting that the kininogen 1 (<i>Kng1</i>)/bradykinin receptor B2 (<i>Bdkrb2</i>) system may play a central role in Van-induced nephrotoxicity. In our mouse model, Van treatment resulted in cell apoptosis and tubular injury in the kidney. The mRNA expression levels of <i>Kng1</i> and <i>Bdkrb2</i> were significantly increased in Van-treated mice compared with normal mice. Furthermore, we found that absinthin acts as a potential inhibitor of Bdkrb2 and effectively ameliorates Van-induced podocyte apoptosis and reduces the levels of renal injury biomarkers, including serum creatinine (Cre), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and malondialdehyde (MDA).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that targeting Kng1/Bdkrb2 may offer a potential therapeutic strategy for mitigating Van-induced nephrotoxicity. These findings suggest that absinthin may serve as a renal protective agent against drug-induced nephrotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"25085"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular adnexal lymphomas: A comprehensive review with emphasis on histopathologic and magnetic resonance imaging appearance.","authors":"Pietro Valerio Foti, Carlotta Scavone, Renato Farina, Corrado Inì, Francesco Tiralongo, Davide Castiglione, Federico Cosentino, Maria Chiara Lo Greco, Stefano Palmucci, Corrado Spatola, Emanuele David, Giuseppe Broggi, Serena Salzano, Rosario Caltabiano, Gabriele Caputo, Salvatore Ascanio, Andrea Russo, Matteo Fallico, Antonio Longo, Antonio Basile","doi":"10.14670/HH-25-013","DOIUrl":"10.14670/HH-25-013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ocular adnexal lymphomas (OALs) are a heterogeneous group of malignant lymphoproliferative tumors originating from clonal proliferations of lymphocytes, with a multifactorial etiopathogenesis. They can be distinguished in primary, involving ocular adnexa, and secondary, affecting also an additional site. Pathologically OALs encompass four histological subtypes with different biological behaviour and prognosis. The diagnosis relies on clinical manifestations, imaging and histopathological examinations. Clinical symptoms are classified in ophthalmologic, often nonspecific, and constitutional, indicating a systemic involvement. As regards cross-sectional imaging, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play a complementary role, nevertheless MRI outperforms other imaging methods due to the possibility to perform functional techniques such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI). At conventional MRI, OALs demonstrate iso- or hypointensity on T1-weighted and T2-weighted sequences relative to cerebral cortex; enhancement is usually homogeneous. PWI and particularly DWI can be useful in discriminating OALs from benign orbital lymphoproliferative disorders (OLPDs) and from other malignant intraorbital tumors, since OALs, due to their high cellularity, demonstrate diffusion restriction with considerably low apparent diffusion coefficient value. Biopsy is needed for final diagnosis and accurate subtyping and grading. Differential diagnosis of OALs, in addition to benign OLPDs, includes granulomatous diseases, metabolic diseases, epithelial neoplasms and metastases. Structured report can be useful to make reporting of imaging findings more accurate and to improve communication between ophthalmologist and radiologist; moreover, it can represent a valuable decision‑supporting tool to assist the multidisciplinary management of the disease. Treatment options include systemic chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and surgical excision.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"765-795"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145495408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A clinicopathological study of eight cases presenting a Biphasic structure: A distinct variant of pulmonary carcinoma.","authors":"Hongyu Wang, Qiuyao Li, Jiwei Ma, Kun Yang, Xiaoyan Lin, Huifeng Jiang, Yali Xu, Lin Song, Yu Zhang, Xiaoqian Liu, Zheng Mou, Wenjing Su","doi":"10.14670/HH-25-004","DOIUrl":"10.14670/HH-25-004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biphasic structures, which are composed of outer basal cells and inner glandular cells, are frequently indicative of salivary gland-type tumors or benign lesions, such as bronchial adenoma, within the lung. However, the occurrence of a biphasic structure in lung cancer is rarely reported and can lead to significant challenges and confusion in diagnosis, particularly in biopsy specimens. In our study, we collected eight lung epithelial tumors that presented with a distinct biphasic structure component and examined their clinicopathological characteristics. Histological examination revealed that the biphasic structure component, often intermingled with conventional squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma, was defined by basal cells encircling the glandular epithelium. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a distinctive peripheral p40 staining pattern in the biphasic structure component. Genetic analysis identified driver mutations in seven out of eight patients, which are typically associated with conventional pulmonary adenocarcinomas, including <i>EGFR</i> L858R, <i>EGFR</i> 19-del, <i>EGFR</i> 20-ins, and <i>KRAS</i> mutations. The presence of biphasic structure components in these cases confirms a genuine form of lung cancer, likely representing a variant of lung adenocarcinoma. This study's findings enhance the understanding of lung cancer's morphological diversity and caution against prematurely dismissing the malignancy potential of pulmonary epithelial lesions based solely on the presence of basal cells, especially with biopsy specimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":13164,"journal":{"name":"Histology and histopathology","volume":" ","pages":"925-935"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145292101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}