Aemilius A. W. van Vondelen;Atindriyo K. Pamososuryo;Sachin T. Navalkar;Jan-Willem van Wingerden
{"title":"Control of Periodically Waked Wind Turbines","authors":"Aemilius A. W. van Vondelen;Atindriyo K. Pamososuryo;Sachin T. Navalkar;Jan-Willem van Wingerden","doi":"10.1109/TCST.2024.3508577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2024.3508577","url":null,"abstract":"Periodic wakes are created on upstream wind turbines by pitching strategies, such as the Helix approach, to enhance wake mixing and thereby increase power production for wind turbines directly in their wake. Consequently, a cyclic load is not only generated on the actuating turbine’s blades but also on the waked wind turbine. While the upstream load is the result of the pitching required for wake mixing, the downstream load originates from interaction with the periodic wake and only causes fatigue damage. This study proposes two novel individual pitch control schemes in which such a periodic load on the downstream turbine can be treated: by attenuation or amplification. The former method improves the fatigue life of the downstream turbine, whereas the latter enhances wake mixing further downstream by exploiting the already-present periodic content in the wake; both were validated on a three-turbine wind farm in high-fidelity large-eddy simulations. Fatigue damage reductions of around 10% were found in the load mitigation case, while an additional power enhancement of 6% was generated on the third turbine when implementing the amplification strategy. Both objectives can easily be toggled depending on a wind farm operator’s demands and the desired loads/energy capture tradeoff.","PeriodicalId":13103,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","volume":"33 2","pages":"700-713"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10798995","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Optimization-Based Dynamic Reordering Heuristic for Coordination of Vehicles in Mixed Traffic Intersections","authors":"Muhammad Faris;Mario Zanon;Paolo Falcone","doi":"10.1109/TCST.2024.3508542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2024.3508542","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we address a coordination problem for connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) in mixed traffic settings with human-driven vehicles (HDVs). The main objective is to have a safe and optimal crossing order for vehicles approaching unsignalized intersections. This problem results in a mixed-integer quadratic programming (MIQP) formulation, which is unsuitable for real-time applications. Therefore, we propose a computationally tractable optimization-based heuristic that monitors platoons of CAVs and HDVs to evaluate whether alternative crossing orders can perform better. It first checks the future constraint violation that consistently occurs between pairs of platoons to determine a potential swap. Next, the costs of quadratic programming (QP) formulations associated with the current and alternative orders are compared in a depth-first branching fashion. In simulations, we show that our heuristic can be a hundred times faster than the original and simplified MIQPs (SMIQPs) and yields solutions that are close to optimal and have better order consistency.","PeriodicalId":13103,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","volume":"33 4","pages":"1387-1402"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10799096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Changbeom Hong;Sanghoon Shin;Hyeonwoo Cho;Daeki Hong;Se-Kyu Oh;Yeonsoo Kim
{"title":"Fast Zone Model Predictive Control for High Capacity Battery Subpack of Electric Vehicle","authors":"Changbeom Hong;Sanghoon Shin;Hyeonwoo Cho;Daeki Hong;Se-Kyu Oh;Yeonsoo Kim","doi":"10.1109/TCST.2024.3508579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2024.3508579","url":null,"abstract":"As the demand for electric vehicles (EVs) increases, battery thermal management is required to guarantee safety and improve driving performance. The batteries need to be operated within an appropriate temperature range while minimizing energy consumption. We propose a fast zone model predictive control (MPC), which determines the optimal flow rate and inlet temperature of the coolant to control the temperatures of 48 cells in subpack. When the battery temperatures are within the proper temperature range, the proposed zone MPC focuses on minimizing power consumption while maintaining the temperature within the zone. When the temperature is outside the zone, the set-point MPC with terminal cost is used to determine the optimal input sequence. To achieve computational efficiency, a control-oriented battery thermal model is first established considering the temperature distribution of all cells. Second, the zone MPC formulation is converted into quadratic programming (QP). The nondifferentiable objective function of zone nonlinear MPC (NMPC) is approximated with a soft-plus function, and then, new variables are introduced to convert the nonlinear objective function into the quadratic form. Finally, the nonlinear dynamics are handled with the successive linearization method, which leads to QP formulation. By applying the proposed MPC, total energy consumption for cooling and heating cases under 1C-rate discharge was reduced by 27.11% and 78.73%, respectively, compared with the set-point MPC.","PeriodicalId":13103,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","volume":"33 2","pages":"729-743"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Resilient Microgrid Scheduling With Synthetic Inertia From Electric Vehicles Within a Network of Charging Stations","authors":"Yixun Wen;Zhongda Chu;Amber Srivastava;Fei Teng;Boli Chen","doi":"10.1109/TCST.2024.3512432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2024.3512432","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicle-to-grid technologies are proposed as potential providers of virtual inertia for microgrids (MGs). This article addresses an energy and charging scheduling problem for an MG and investigates how to utilize a network of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations (CSs) to provide sufficient virtual initial for frequency regulation that guarantees the safe transition of MG to the islanded operation during extreme events. The charging behavior of EV within a CS network is complex and can be actively influenced by charge point power and tariff set up by the CS network operator subject to MG operation requirements. A novel modeling framework is proposed to capture these aspects and integrate them into the MG energy management. The goal is to determine the optimal power allocation among distributed energy resources within an MG, minimizing operation costs while ensuring sufficient frequency support with virtual inertia contribution from EVs. To deal with inevitable uncertainties associated with EV arrivals at a CS, we employ joint distributionally robust chance constraints (DRCCs) to mitigate the impact of uncertainty and enhance the robustness of the algorithm. These joint DRCCs are decomposed into individual ones via an optimized Bonferroni approximation (BoA) method, then suitably relaxed into convex forms, which maintains the solvability of the overall problem. The effectiveness of the method is validated with case studies based on a modified IEEE 14-bus system.","PeriodicalId":13103,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","volume":"33 2","pages":"775-787"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal Power Flow Pursuit via Feedback-Based Safe Gradient Flow","authors":"Antonin Colot;Yiting Chen;Bertrand Cornélusse;Jorge Cortés;Emiliano Dall’Anese","doi":"10.1109/TCST.2024.3504254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2024.3504254","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the problem of controlling inverter-interfaced distributed energy resources (DERs) in a distribution grid to solve an ac optimal power flow (OPF) problem in real time. The ac OPF includes voltage constraints and seeks to minimize costs associated with the economic operation, power losses, or the power curtailment from renewables. We develop an online feedback optimization method to drive the DERs’ power setpoints to solutions of an ac OPF problem based only on voltage measurements (and without requiring measurements of the power consumption of noncontrollable assets). The proposed method—grounded on the theory of control barrier functions (CBFs)—is based on a continuous approximation of the projected gradient flow, appropriately modified to accommodate measurements from the power network. We provide results in terms of local exponential stability and assess the robustness to errors in the measurements and in the system Jacobian matrix. We show that the proposed method ensures anytime satisfaction of the voltage constraints when no model and measurement errors are present; if these errors are present and are small, the voltage violation is practically negligible. We also discuss extensions of the framework to virtual power plant (VPP) setups and cases where constraints on power flows and currents must be enforced. Numerical experiments on a 93-bus distribution system with realistic load and production profiles show superior performance in terms of voltage regulation relative to existing methods.","PeriodicalId":13103,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","volume":"33 2","pages":"658-670"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Asynchronous Sampled-Data String Stability for a Platoon of Heterogeneous Vehicles via a Mesoscopic Approach","authors":"Mattia Mattioni;Alessio Iovine","doi":"10.1109/TCST.2024.3505036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2024.3505036","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a new mesoscopic approach for controlling a platoon of vehicles under asynchronous sampled-data measurements and bounded disturbances. The proposed control law yields disturbance string stability (DSS) independently of the effect of sampling. The design is constructive and yields simple-to-check conditions to enforce good performance and safety. Simulations illustrate the theoretical results.","PeriodicalId":13103,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","volume":"33 4","pages":"1345-1360"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Randomized Customer-Sensitivity-Aware Control of Thermostatic Loads for Better Integration of Intermittent Renewables","authors":"Tanguy Julien;Roland P. Malhamé","doi":"10.1109/TCST.2024.3505033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2024.3505033","url":null,"abstract":"Increased electric grid penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources has reduced the controllability of the generation side and created a need for more coordination between generation and load to maintain grid stability. Thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) have long been seen as capable of providing a source of load flexibility. However, controlling thousands of small loads to create a better match between generation and consumption is a challenging task. Direct load control methods tend to be imprecise and invasive, while pricing-based methods can result in social push-back and produce unreliable results. Following an established trend aimed at limiting loads synchronization effects, a probabilistic control scheme is proposed. It is based on a novel type of aggregator-customer contracts. The latter are tailored a priori so as to account for a customer’s particular tolerance to loss of comfort versus interest in cost reduction. While through these contracts, aggregators have to obey preagreed constraints on their controls, the upside for them is that they can reliably anticipate the aggregate behaviors that their pool of loads can achieve. The control is decentralized via a single so-called pressure signal which is broadcast and acts locally, in a probabilistic manner, on thermostat set points. We demonstrate how the probabilistic nature of the control allows achieving a continuum of smooth potentially desirable aggregate load behaviors.","PeriodicalId":13103,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","volume":"33 2","pages":"671-684"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Truls Nyberg;José Manuel Gaspar Sánchez;Vandana Narri;Henrik Pettersson;Jonas Mårtensson;Karl H. Johansson;Martin Törngren;Jana Tumova
{"title":"Share the Unseen: Sequential Reasoning About Occlusions Using Vehicle-to-Everything Technology","authors":"Truls Nyberg;José Manuel Gaspar Sánchez;Vandana Narri;Henrik Pettersson;Jonas Mårtensson;Karl H. Johansson;Martin Törngren;Jana Tumova","doi":"10.1109/TCST.2024.3499832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2024.3499832","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication holds significant promise for augmenting autonomous driving capabilities. Particularly in dense traffic with occluded areas, V2X can be used to share information about the respective observed areas between traffic participants. In turn, reducing uncertainty about unseen areas can lead to less conservative behaviors while maintaining collision avoidance. This article aims to leverage V2X to improve situation awareness for trajectory planning. We particularly address two challenges. First, the ego vehicle may not always receive up-to-date information. Second, some areas may remain occluded despite receiving information from other participants. In this work, we fuse the received information about the detected free space. We use reachability analysis to compute areas that are guaranteed to be free despite being occluded. This way, we can maintain collision-avoidance guarantees. We demonstrate the benefits of our proposed method both in simulations and physical experiments.","PeriodicalId":13103,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","volume":"33 4","pages":"1418-1431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10771599","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robust Temporal Logic Task Planning for Multirobot Systems Under Permanent Robot Failures","authors":"Bohan Cui;Feifei Huang;Shaoyuan Li;Xiang Yin","doi":"10.1109/TCST.2024.3494392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2024.3494392","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the multirobot task planning problem for intricate tasks specified by linear temporal logic (LTL) formulae. While most studies on this topic assume flawless robot performance, it is crucial to recognize that failures can always occur in the real world due to errors or disturbances. Therefore, to enhance the robustness of task planning for multirobot systems (MRSs), one must take the unexpected robot failures into account. In this article, we formulate and solve a new type of failure-aware multirobot task planning problem. Specifically, we aim to find a failure-robust plan that ensures the LTL task can always be accomplished, even if a maximum number of robots fail at any instant during the execution, where a failed robot can no longer contribute to the satisfaction of the LTL task. To achieve this, we extend the mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) approach to the failure-robust setting. To overcome the computational complexity, we identify a fragment of LTL formulae called the free-union-closed LTL, which allows for more scalable synthesis without considering the global combinatorial issue. We provide a systematic method to check this property, as well as several commonly used patterns as instances. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through simulation and real-world experiments, showcasing our failure-robust plans and the efficiency of our simplified algorithm. Our approach offers an optimal and efficient way to achieve robustness in multirobot path planning under unforeseen failure events.","PeriodicalId":13103,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","volume":"33 2","pages":"526-538"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Derivation of Certification-Based Admissibility Dashboard of NMPC Implementation Settings: Framework and Associated Python Package","authors":"Mazen Alamir","doi":"10.1109/TCST.2024.3499835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2024.3499835","url":null,"abstract":"This brief presents a framework that delivers a certification-oriented dashboard of admissible nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) implementation settings. This differs from the commonly adopted performance-centered tuning approaches by providing a dashboard of admissible setting options for which the optimal choice might be context-dependent. Some of the considered parameters are scarcely tuned in the literature on model predictive control (MPC)-parameter tuning such as the control updating period and the precision of the internal prediction. Moreover, a freely available <monospace>Python</monospace>-based implementation is also proposed, and typical results on an illustrative example are discussed highlighting the relevance of the contribution.","PeriodicalId":13103,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","volume":"33 2","pages":"815-822"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}