D. Angelescu, Hua Chen, J. Jundt, H. Berthet, B. Mercier, F. Marty
{"title":"Highly integrated microfluidic sensors","authors":"D. Angelescu, Hua Chen, J. Jundt, H. Berthet, B. Mercier, F. Marty","doi":"10.1117/12.764028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.764028","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed fabrication techniques for creating suspended electrically addressable MEMS structures in microfluidic channels, as well as monolithic integration of sensors within microfluidic devices. As we will demonstrate, creative use of state-of-the-art MEMS fabrication techniques allows the integrated manufacturing of a number of sensors, for simultaneous measurement of, for example, flow velocity, thermal conductivity and normal stress. We will demonstrate the versatility of these techniques with an example of capillary viscosity sensor integrating independent flowrate, temperature, and pressure drop sensors.","PeriodicalId":130723,"journal":{"name":"SPIE MOEMS-MEMS","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130854611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Watts, N. Cramer, R. Sebra, H. Simms, K. Masters, T. Haraldsson, K. Anseth, C. Bowman
{"title":"Advances in the fabrication of surface modified microfluidic devices in nonfluorescing UV cured materials","authors":"M. Watts, N. Cramer, R. Sebra, H. Simms, K. Masters, T. Haraldsson, K. Anseth, C. Bowman","doi":"10.1117/12.758755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.758755","url":null,"abstract":"The challenge in manufacturing disposable bio micro-fluidic devices centers on making complex structures with controlled wetting and adhesion characteristics that can be used with fluorescence detection at a very low cost of < $1 a part. We will report on a new low fluorescence UV curable material that can be patterned in the Contact Liquid Photolithographic Polymerization (CLiPP) process developed at U Colorado.","PeriodicalId":130723,"journal":{"name":"SPIE MOEMS-MEMS","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134297579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sensitivity and stress effects of composite membranes with micro/macro porous silicon for pressure sensor applications","authors":"L. Sujatha, E. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1117/12.762868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.762868","url":null,"abstract":"Since porous silicon (PS) has a lower Young's Modulus as compared to silicon, Silicon/Porous Silicon (Si/PS) composite membranes are expected to show higher sensitivity as compared to membranes of silicon alone. In this paper we discuss the fabrication and testing of Si/PS composite membranes where a part of the silicon membrane depth is converted into PS. Composite membranes with Si/ microPS and Si/ macroPS were fabricated with varying porosity and same thickness. The composite membranes with micro PS show higher sensitivity than composite membranes with macro PS. Formation of microporous and macroporous silicon produces stress on the membrane varying with the porosity. The variation in compressive stress on the membrane with porosity for both micro and macro PS has been studied by measuring the deformation of the composite membrane with a surface profiler and the stress is found to be larger for microPS. The compressive stress results in an increase in the offset voltage by more than an order of magnitude for composite membranes with porosity above 50% as compared to one with a single crystalline silicon one. Though the composite membranes exhibit saturation and hysteresis at higher pressures, the response is linear and repeatable at pressures below 1 bar making this a viable option for sensing low pressures.","PeriodicalId":130723,"journal":{"name":"SPIE MOEMS-MEMS","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133298809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kurth, A. Shaporin, K. Hiller, C. Kaufmann, T. Gessner
{"title":"Reliability of MEMS devices in shock and vibration overload situations","authors":"S. Kurth, A. Shaporin, K. Hiller, C. Kaufmann, T. Gessner","doi":"10.1117/12.763617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.763617","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution describes the investigation of the reasons for overload failure and overload reaction based on linear vibration theory by decomposition of the complex reaction into resonant mode reactions and on observation of the reaction. An impulse specific peak deflection (ISPD) is derived as a general characteristic property of a certain shock. It is applicable to predict the mechanical deflection of a certain resonant mode of an arbitrary resonant frequency due to a shock. This is further analyzed and proofed by scanning Laser Doppler interferometer (SLDI) measurement on the example of a Fabry Perot interferometer based tunable infrared filter. The results from ISPD prediction are compared to SLDI measurements and to finite element analysis results.","PeriodicalId":130723,"journal":{"name":"SPIE MOEMS-MEMS","volume":"485 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133732872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in roll to roll processing of optics","authors":"M. Watts","doi":"10.1117/12.762668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.762668","url":null,"abstract":"Today, there are a number of successful commercial applications that utilize roll to roll processing and almost all involve optics; unpatterned film, patterned film, and devices on film. The largest applications today are in holograms, and brightness enhancement film (BEF) for LCD. Solar cells are rapidly growing. These are mostly made in large captive facilities with their own proprietary equipment, materials and pattern generation capability. World wide roll to roll volume is > 100M meters2 year-1, and generates sales of > $5B. The vast majority of the sales are in BEF film by 3M.","PeriodicalId":130723,"journal":{"name":"SPIE MOEMS-MEMS","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126038532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. El Mastouli, J. Laur, J. Sanchez, M. Brunet, D. Bourrier, M. Dilhan
{"title":"Micro-inductors integrated on silicon for DC-DC converters","authors":"T. El Mastouli, J. Laur, J. Sanchez, M. Brunet, D. Bourrier, M. Dilhan","doi":"10.1117/12.763085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.763085","url":null,"abstract":"For applications such as computers, cellular telephones and Microsystems, it is essential to reduce the size and the weight of DC-DC converters. To miniaturize passive components, micromachining techniques provide solutions based on low-temperature process compatible with active part of the converter. This paper deals with the integration on silicon of \"spiral-type\" inductor topology. Electroplating techniques are used to achieve the copper conductor and the CoNiFe laminated magnetic core and several investigations on the electroplating bath's parameters have been realized in order to obtain the adequate magnetic properties. Finally, a 1μH micro-inductor prototype has been characterized.","PeriodicalId":130723,"journal":{"name":"SPIE MOEMS-MEMS","volume":"19 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126023304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Swiler, U. Krishnamoorthy, P. Clews, M. Baker, D. M. Tanner
{"title":"Challenges of designing and processing extreme low-G microelectromechanical system (MEMS) accelerometers","authors":"T. Swiler, U. Krishnamoorthy, P. Clews, M. Baker, D. M. Tanner","doi":"10.1117/12.778244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.778244","url":null,"abstract":"There is an increasing demand to build highly sensitive, low-G, microscale acceleration sensors with the ability to sense accelerations in the nano-G (10-8 m/s2) regime. To achieve such sensitivities, these sensors require compliant mechanical springs attached to large masses. The high sensitivities and the difficulty in integrating robust mechanical stops into these designs make these parts inherently weak, lacking the robustness to survive even the low level accelerations encountered in standard handling, from release processing, where supporting interlayers present during fabrication are etched away, through packaging. Thus, the process of transforming a MEMS-based acceleration sensor from an unreleased state to a protected functional state poses significant challenges. We summarize prior experiences with packaging such devices and report on recent work in packaging and protecting a highly sensitive acceleration sensor that optically senses displacement through the use of sub-wavelength nanogratings. We find that successful implementation of such sensors requires starting with a clean and robust MEMS design, performing careful and controlled release processing, and designing and executing a robust handling and packaging solution that keeps a fragile MEMS device protected at all times.","PeriodicalId":130723,"journal":{"name":"SPIE MOEMS-MEMS","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124234030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diana C. Chen, S. Olivier, S. Jones, R. Zawadzki, J. W. Evans, Stacey S. Choi, J. Werner
{"title":"Compact MEMS-based adaptive optics: optical coherence tomography for clinical use","authors":"Diana C. Chen, S. Olivier, S. Jones, R. Zawadzki, J. W. Evans, Stacey S. Choi, J. Werner","doi":"10.1117/12.772035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.772035","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a compact MEMS-based adaptive optics (AO) optical coherence tomography (OCT) system with improved AO performance and ease of clinical use. A typical AO system consists of a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and a deformable mirror that measures and corrects the ocular and system aberrations. Because of limitations on current deformable mirror technologies, the amount of real-time ocular-aberration compensation is restricted and small in previous AO-OCT instruments. In this instrument, we incorporate an optical apparatus to correct the spectacle aberrations of the patients such as myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism. This eliminates the tedious process of using trial lenses in clinical imaging. Different amount of spectacle aberration compensation was achieved by motorized stages and automated with the AO computer for ease of clinical use. In addition, the compact AO-OCT was optimized to have minimum system aberrations to reduce AO registration errors and improve AO performance.","PeriodicalId":130723,"journal":{"name":"SPIE MOEMS-MEMS","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127087691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photosensitive etch protection coating for silicon wet-etch applications","authors":"J. Dalvi-Malhotra, X. Zhong, C. Planje","doi":"10.1117/12.778246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.778246","url":null,"abstract":"A spin-on polymeric material has been developed to replace the silicon nitride mask used in the MEMS industry for silicon wet-etch processing. Built-in photosensitivity eliminates the need for additional photoresists in the system. The process consists of applying an organosilane-based primer layer onto a silicon wafer, followed by spin coating the photosensitive layer. After a soft bake, the coating is imaged by exposing it to ultraviolet light. After a post-exposure bake, the coating is developed by a solvent. After a final bake, the prepared wafer is then etched in a hot concentrated alkaline solution to complete the pattern transfer. The polymer-coated area remains protected with insignificant and controllable undercut after extended hours of wet etching. Etch protection performance was characterized as a ratio of undercut (u) to etch depth (h). The polymeric mask allows silicon substrates to be etched anisotropically in the same way as silicon nitride masks although more undercut occurs when KOH or NaOH are used as etchants. With use of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) as an etchant, a consistent 1-2% undercut ratio (u/h×100%) was obtained. The effects of various parameters such as use of different etchants and the effects of etchant concentration and delayed processing on undercut ratio are investigated.","PeriodicalId":130723,"journal":{"name":"SPIE MOEMS-MEMS","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127875220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Layne D. Williams, M. Okandan, A. Chagovetz, S. Blair
{"title":"Development and characterization of a microheater array device for real-time DNA mutation detection","authors":"Layne D. Williams, M. Okandan, A. Chagovetz, S. Blair","doi":"10.1117/12.767286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.767286","url":null,"abstract":"DNA analysis, specifically single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection, is becoming increasingly important in rapid diagnostics and disease detection. Temperature is often controlled to help speed reaction rates and perform melting of hybridized oligonucleotides. The difference in melting temperatures, Tm, between wild-type and SNP sequences, respectively, to a given probe oligonucleotide, is indicative of the specificity of the reaction. We have characterized Tm's in solution and on a solid substrate of three sequences from known mutations associated with Cystic Fibrosis. Taking advantage of Tm differences, a microheater array device was designed to enable individual temperature control of up to 18 specific hybridization events. The device was fabricated at Sandia National Laboratories using surface micromachining techniques. The microheaters have been characterized using an IR camera at Sandia and show individual temperature control with minimal thermal cross talk. Development of the device as a real-time DNA detection platform, including surface chemistry and associated microfluidics, is described.","PeriodicalId":130723,"journal":{"name":"SPIE MOEMS-MEMS","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124573695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}