{"title":"Aluminum Oxide 50/50 Splitter Based on Multimode Interferometer for the Blue/Near-UV Spectral Range","authors":"Ronan Kervazo;Georges Perin;Stéphane Trebaol;Loïc Bodiou;Joël Charrier","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3562902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3562902","url":null,"abstract":"Research on integrated blue and near-ultraviolet photonics has been increasingly investigated in recent years. To enable the development of photonic integrated circuits in this wavelength range, one of the challenges is to identify a transparent platform that can provide a variety of integrated components. Aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) was demonstrated to exhibit low propagation losses for wavelengths below 450 nm, making it a very promising platform to operate at short wavelengths. MMIs are very convenient integrated components for splitting or combining signals and can be used for many applications such as on-chip spectrometry or microscopy. The development of a 50/50 coupler at 405 nm is reported based on symmetrical multimode interferometer (MMI) presenting a splitting ratio of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$3.20~pm ~0.34$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB/MMI. Characterizations at 375, 420, and 454 nm are also presented.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 14","pages":"753-756"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-Birefringence and Quarter-Wave Plates at 1550 nm Using Azopolymers","authors":"Beatriz Soares;Susana Silva;Paulo Ribeiro;Orlando Frazão","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3564052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3564052","url":null,"abstract":"Azobenzenes are a class of compounds which allow the writing and erasure of linear birefringence along any desired direction, through their ability to photoisomerize. This property enables applications requiring polarization control, which, despite extensive exploration in the visible spectrum, have yet to be fully capitalized in the infrared region. This study aims to systematically characterize the creation and relaxation of induced linear birefringence dynamics in azopolymers thin films for the 1550 nm region. Maximum birefringence values as high as <inline-formula> <tex-math>$6.02times 10^{-2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> were attained during the recording phase with a 445 nm pump laser, that stabilized at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$5.40times 10^{-2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> during the relaxation phase, achieved for a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2.4~mu m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> sample. In addition, a maximum phase shift of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$Delta Phi = 0.54pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula> stabilizing at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$Delta Phi = 0.50pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, was observed for a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$9.7~mu m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> sample with a 532 nm writing laser. Accordingly, this shows the promising potential of azopolymers for many applications.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 15","pages":"825-828"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qian Ma;Wanghua Zhu;Qichao Wang;Enze Zhou;Yaohui Sun;Guohua Hu;Binfeng Yun;Liguo Shuai;Yiping Cui
{"title":"An Eight-Channel Hybrid Wavelength-/Mode-Division (De)multiplexer Based on LNOI Platform","authors":"Qian Ma;Wanghua Zhu;Qichao Wang;Enze Zhou;Yaohui Sun;Guohua Hu;Binfeng Yun;Liguo Shuai;Yiping Cui","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3563510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3563510","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-dimensional multiplexing technology is pivotal for enhancing on-chip communication capacity. In this letter, we proposed and fabricated an 8-channel hybrid (de)multiplexer chip based on a lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) platform, which can simultaneously implement mode-division multiplexing (MDM) and wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). The proposed (de)multiplexer comprises a two-channel mode (de)multiplexer utilizing an asymmetric directional coupler (ADC) and a four-channel WDM (de)multiplexer employing a set of second-order microring resonator (MRR) arrays. To further increase the number of channels, the two ports of the mode demultiplexer are interconnected, thereby doubling the communication capacity while maintaining the same number of MRRs. Experimental results demonstrate that the device achieves intermode crosstalk below −10 dB with a multiplexing bandwidth of exceeding 50 nm. The adjacent channel crosstalk and the non-adjacent channel crosstalk of the multiplexer’s eight channels are below −13 dB and −27 dB, respectively, over a free spectral range (FSR) from 1556 to 1562 nm. This research paves new avenues in the field of multi-dimensional multiplexing techniques on the LNOI platform.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 13","pages":"741-744"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FL-Based NN in 30.4-km MMW Transmission Using Full-Photonic Conversion and TWT Amplifier","authors":"Junhao Zhao;Boyu Dong;Yinjun Liu;Dianyuan Ping;Li Tao;Shuhong He;Shishuo Liu;Zhangxiong Zi;Qichao Lu;Yaxuan Li;Junlian Jia;Zhongya Li;An Yan;Jianyang Shi;Nan Chi;Junwen Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3563485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3563485","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a focal loss (FL)-based neural network soft de-mapping method for 30.4-km millimeter-wave (MMW) transmission, utilizing full-photonic up- and down-conversion. A traveling wave tube (TWT) is employed to improve power budget to realize over 50-km equivalent distance. The proposed method is shown to effectively reduce the bit error rate (BER) in MMW transmission, particularly when the model parameters are small, highlighting its potential to lower complexity of receiver. The performance of the FL function is validated using convolutional neural networks (CNN), recurrent neural networks (RNN), and residual networks (ResNet) architectures, all of which lead to a significant reduction in BER, with ResNet achieving the best results. The field trial of 30.4-km MMW transmission and targeted over 50.0-km equivalent distance have been demonstrated successfully. Notably, a 10.43-Gb/s line rate is achieved over the 30.4-km near-sea surface wireless link at 0-dBm received optical power (ROP) of transmitter photodiode.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 14","pages":"777-780"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tunable Opto-Chemical Virtual Aperture Induced by Azobenzene Cis-Trans Isomerization","authors":"Yixuan Chen;Xi Xie;Changjun Min;Yuquan Zhang;Xiaocong Yuan","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3563501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3563501","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents an innovative approach utilizing the optical isomerization of azobenzene polymer films, which markedly diminishes the spatial dimensions of the focused light spot. By manipulating the power ratio of two distinct wavelengths of laser, the light-induced alignment of azobenzene molecules within the polymer film can be modified, thereby enabling the development of an “opto-chemical virtual aperture” that effectively reduces the size of the focused light spot. Simulations assess the direct impact of laser power ratios on the orientation of azobenzene molecules, while the experimental findings indicate significant variations in the dimensions of the light spot in response to these changes. The validation of the fundamental characteristics of azobenzene is crucial for the progression of optical micromachining techniques beyond the diffraction limit and for advancements in near-field optical manipulation","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 13","pages":"725-728"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}