Wangheng Pan;Zongwen Li;Anran Wang;Pengfei Zhao;Hu Chen;Zhixiang Zhang;Yi Shi;Yang Xu;Fengqiu Wang
{"title":"Bandwidth Characteristics of a Graphene/Silicon Schottky-Junction Photodetector","authors":"Wangheng Pan;Zongwen Li;Anran Wang;Pengfei Zhao;Hu Chen;Zhixiang Zhang;Yi Shi;Yang Xu;Fengqiu Wang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3556025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3556025","url":null,"abstract":"Graphene/silicon (Gr/Si) heterostructure has emerged as a promising approach for high-performance broadband photodetectors. However, it is often the case that devices of similar structures exhibit bandwidths that differ by orders of magnitude. Moreover, the relatively large photosensitive area combined with multiple operation modes make it imperative to understand the in-plane bandwidth characteristics of such devices. Here, we conducted a thorough investigation of the in-plane bandwidth distribution and the focal-condition-dependent bandwidth characteristics in an exemplar Gr/Si Schottky-junction photodetector with a large lateral dimension (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim 640~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m). It is found that the bandwidth as deduced by the 0.35/<inline-formula> <tex-math>$tau _{mathrm {FWHM}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> method can better depict the high-frequency transient response of the device than the more conventional S21 bandwidth. Additionally, influence of illumination area and excitation power density on the response time has been characterized. Our study helps clarify two commonly used bandwidth figures of merit, and suggests that more analysis of the in-plane bandwidth characteristics may lead to updated design guidelines for photosensitive devices.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 8","pages":"485-488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-Power Near Flat-Top Distributed Ultraviolet 330 nm Laser for Photochemical Synthesis","authors":"Qian Ti;Fei Yang;Huan Wang;Da-Fu Cui;Chuan Guo;Qi Bian;Chen Wang;Yong Bo;Qin-Jun Peng","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3556005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3556005","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate a 10-watt level nanosecond pulse ultraviolet (UV) 330 nm laser from a two-stage cascaded second harmonic generation (SHG) of 1319 nm Nd:YAG laser. The diode-side-pumped Nd:YAG oscillator at 1319 nm is operated in the Q-switched macro/micro pulse regime, which is beneficial for increasing the average output power of the fundamental wave. In order to further scale the 330 nm output power, two LBO crystals rotated by 180° are employed to compensate for the spatial walk-off effect in the second-stage SHG configuration. Consequently, a record-high average output power of 11.9 W at 330 nm is achieved with total nonlinear conversion efficiency up to 33.1% from infrared to UV. Moreover, the UV circular beam with Gaussian spatial mode is homogenized and reshaped by two pairs of orthogonal cylindrical microlens arrays. Then, a near flat-top distributed square beam with adjustable spot size is realized, which helps to avoid absorption saturation and improve the reaction efficiency in photochemical synthesis.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 9","pages":"516-519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimized Quantum Random Number Generator for Single Photon LiDAR Interference Suppression","authors":"Yicheng Wang;Xing Yang;Hao Pan;Yunhui Guo;Lei Zuo;Yuwei Chen","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3555856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3555856","url":null,"abstract":"Single photon light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors have been facing serious issues of light interference and optical attacks. Random modulation of transmitted laser can effectively suppress interference and counter attacks. Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG) based on single photon detection of LiDAR has become an important solution for generating true random numbers. The performance of traditional QRNG based on the parity of counting values of photon events (CntOE-QRNG) is poor under low photon event rate. This letter proposes a novel QRNG method based on parity discrimination of photon event interval (IntOE-QRNG). It is proved that the IntOE-QRNG has more advantages under the condition of low photon event rate. Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of these two methods, this letter finally proposes an optimized QRNG that combines these two methods to adapt to different photon event rate conditions.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 9","pages":"512-515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient Chiral Nonlinear Metasurface Based on Lithium Niobate","authors":"Xudong Hu;Rongquan Chen;Wei Wang;Yuqing Song;Xixi Chu;Hanfeng Wei;Jinbiao Liu;Ming Chen","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3556515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3556515","url":null,"abstract":"There have been many researches on nonlinear metasurface in recent years. The advantages of lithium niobate are its transparency in the near infrared range as well as high nonlinear coefficients. In this letter, a metasurface based on the chiral structure of lithium niobate is designed. The nonlinear efficiency can reach 3.9% with optical intensity at 0.0561 GW/cm<sup>2</sup>. It can also achieve a circular dichroism (CD) of 0.79 under the same nonlinear conditions. The resonance principle is analyzed by using multipole decomposition. The chiral structure increases the degree of freedom of structural adjustment and realizes the differential response to different circularly polarized light. The excellent comprehensive effect of our research can make it applicable to biosensing, nonlinear imaging, encoding, and chiral light modulation.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 13","pages":"697-700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In-Sensor Convolutional Computation Based on Retina-Inspired Infrared Photodetector Array","authors":"Hongyi Lin;Xinyu Ma;Xiaoyong Jiang;Xiangyang Shi;Minxia Xu;Yutong Li;Siyu Long;Yi Dong;Qing Li;Ting He;Fang Zhong;Ning Li;Wei Lu;Weida Hu;Jinshui Miao","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3555798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3555798","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of infrared detection, as the resolution of detection wavelengths and spatial imaging improves, traditional architectures that separate sensing and processing struggle to meet the exponentially growing demands of machine vision. Inspired by the human visual system, which performs preprocessing on the retina to reduce the burden of information transmission, we propose an MSM (metal/semiconductor-InGaAs/metal) structure retina-inspired infrared photodetector. This detector allows the modulation of response polarity and amplitude by adjusting the bias voltage, enabling a range of preprocessing operations inside the detector. The Au/InGaAs/Au retinal-like detector exhibits tunable positive and negative photoresponses in the short-wave infrared region, with a response speed of up to 490 ns, facilitating ultra-fast image information preprocessing. We propose a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$16times 16$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in-sensor computing hardware system capable of deploying various convolution kernels directly inside the detector to perform convolution operations, offering a unique opportunity for lightweight convolutional neural network hardware.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 9","pages":"541-544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Felipe B. Bittar;Vitor F. Correia;Gil M. Fernandes;Andrés L. Barbero;Paulo P. Monteiro;Fernando P. Guiomar;Vinicius N. Henrique Silva
{"title":"Mitigation of Pointing Errors in FSO Systems Through AI-Driven Spatial Light Modulation","authors":"Felipe B. Bittar;Vitor F. Correia;Gil M. Fernandes;Andrés L. Barbero;Paulo P. Monteiro;Fernando P. Guiomar;Vinicius N. Henrique Silva","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3575366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3575366","url":null,"abstract":"Free-space optical (FSO) communication is an emerging technology that enables higher data rates. While FSO offers several advantages, it faces significant challenges due to the atmospheric channel, which can introduce pointing errors (PE) between transceivers and this phenomenon can be exacerbated by mechanical instabilities. Current pointing error compensation (PEC) mechanisms are primarily based on mechatronic devices; however, these systems may require redundancy to ensure reliability. This work presents an experimental study investigating the integration of a spatial light modulator (SLM) with a generative convolutional neural network (CNN) to mitigate residual PE in FSO communication systems. In this context, the proposed method demonstrated improved coupling efficiency into a single-mode fiber (SMF) by compensating mechanical-induced PE, introducing a novel application for SLMs and CNNs. Experimental results show gains up to 34dB for a 0.5mm beam misalignment, with sustained improvements in optical power for displacements up to 4.8mm.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 16","pages":"925-928"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polarization-Dependent Loss Mitigation via Orthogonal Design Precoding and Interference Cancellation","authors":"Mohannad Shehadeh;Frank R. Kschischang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3555919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3555919","url":null,"abstract":"Recent work by Shehadeh and Kschischang provides a simple capacity-achieving scheme for channels with polarization-dependent loss (PDL) under common modeling assumptions via a careful choice of orthogonal-design-based precoding and interference cancellation. This letter extends that work with a simulation-based demonstration showing that this scheme remains highly effective at mitigating PDL in the highly practical setting of 16-QAM with Chase-decoded extended Hamming inner codes rather than the near-capacity inner codes considered in the original work. An alternative near-optimal variation of this scheme is also provided requiring only one inner code rather than two and suffering no penalty in the absence of PDL, making it much more practical.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 8","pages":"477-480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radar Target Simulator Based on Swept-Wavelength Optical Source","authors":"Yunlu Xing;Zhengyuan Zhu;Shangyuan Li;Xiaoxiao Xue;Xiaoping Zheng","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3574313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3574313","url":null,"abstract":"Radar target simulators (RTSs) play an important role in testing and verifying radar systems. Conventional electronic-based RTSs are not suitable for testing broadband radar systems due to the limited bandwidth. Various photonics-based radar target simulators have been proposed to overcome the issues. However, these schemes cannot simulate Doppler frequency shift accurately while the bandwidth of the radar-under-test (RUT) is large and the simulated target moving fast. To solve these problems, a radar target simulator based on swept-wavelength optical source is proposed in this letter. Incoherent broadband optical source (BOS) and tunable fiber Fabry-Perot filter (FFPF) are used to assemble a swept-wavelength optical source. The RUT’s transmitted signal is modulated to this optical source. Continuously time-varying delay of RTS can be achieved by transmitting the swept-wavelength optical signal through dispersion module. Thus, we can achieve simulation of target motion. In the experiment, the velocity of the simulated target reached 5130 m/s. Moreover, multi-band radar signals can be simultaneously processed.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 17","pages":"957-960"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compact Power-Efficient Optical Phased Array Enabled by Photonic Crystal Waveguide Phase Shifters","authors":"Guihan Wu;Yu Xin;Jing Yuan;Shichong Yang;Yue Shao;Wei Jiang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3574383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3574383","url":null,"abstract":"Optical phased arrays (OPAs) on a silicon chip enable non-mechanical beam steering and show promise for solid-state LiDAR, scanning imaging, and other applications. Thermo-optic phase shifters are widely used in such an OPA for low cost although they can consume much power. It is preferred to reduce the power consumption while maintaining compact sizes for phase shifters. In this work, we introduce a slow-light photonic crystal waveguide into the phase shifter, with a compact size of approximately <inline-formula> <tex-math>$50~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m <inline-formula> <tex-math>$times 5~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m. By integrating an array of such phase shifters, we have developed a power-efficient silicon OPA. Its phase shift power consumption is 4 times lower than that of an OPA with conventional phase shifters, while realizing favorable beam steering over an angular range of 100°. The results pave a path forward to constructing power-efficient OPAs with a compact size.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 17","pages":"961-964"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Hua Dong;Mei Chen;Cai Hong Huang;Wei Qi Wang;Bin Chen;Yi Huang;Yan Hua Luo;Ting Yun Wang
{"title":"Magnetic Field Sensor Based on Nano-Terbium-Oxide Coated Long-Period Fiber Grating","authors":"Yan Hua Dong;Mei Chen;Cai Hong Huang;Wei Qi Wang;Bin Chen;Yi Huang;Yan Hua Luo;Ting Yun Wang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3574243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3574243","url":null,"abstract":"A novel magnetic field sensor based on long-period fiber gratings (LPFG) coated with terbium oxide nanofilms is proposed. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of the four-layer cylindrical waveguide’s hybrid modes is investigated to achieve highly sensitive transition regions versus the thickness and refractive index of the film coated on LPFG. In this work, uniform and dense Tb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> films are deposited on the LPFG using atomic layer deposition (ALD), and it shows that the sensor achieved an exceptional magnetic field sensitivity of 0.17 nm/mT when coated with 1200 layers of Tb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The combination of LPFG and terbium oxide materials appears to be highly promising for applications in magnetic field sensing.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 18","pages":"1025-1028"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}