Guilherme Heim Weber;Emmanuell Scolimoski;Danilo Fernandes Gomes;Beatriz Brusamarello;Eduardo Henrique Dureck;Daniel Rodrigues Pipa;Jean Carlos Cardozo da Silva;Manoel Feliciano da Silva Junior;Sérgio Taveira de Camargo Júnior;Cicero Martelli
{"title":"Low-Frequency Strain Testbed for DAS Performance Characterization","authors":"Guilherme Heim Weber;Emmanuell Scolimoski;Danilo Fernandes Gomes;Beatriz Brusamarello;Eduardo Henrique Dureck;Daniel Rodrigues Pipa;Jean Carlos Cardozo da Silva;Manoel Feliciano da Silva Junior;Sérgio Taveira de Camargo Júnior;Cicero Martelli","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3607642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3607642","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) systems were originally developed to measure high-frequency dynamic strain signals induced by sound and vibration. Recently, however, their potential for low-frequency applications has received considerable attention. In the petroleum industry, efforts are underway, led by SEAFOM, to establish recommended practices for characterizing DAS strain responses in oil and gas environments. This includes the development of a consistent methodology for evaluating DAS performance. This letter presents a mechanical approach to characterize the low-frequency strain measurement performance of DAS. The setup uses pulleys and a microstepper motor to apply controlled mechanical strain to optical fibers at varying velocities and intensities, resulting in high levels of strain at very low frequencies. Experimental results demonstrate the generation of cyclic ramp strain stimuli with amplitudes up to 4 mϵ over a 33-min cycle, which can be easily extended. DAS measurements revealed nonuniform strain distributions along the fiber, primarily influenced by friction and slip effects associated with the fiber coating and pulley bearing characteristics. These findings improve the reliability and interpretability of low-frequency DAS measurements in complex offshore environments.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 10","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tanzila Noushin;Jinwon Jeong;Muhammad Luqman Haider;Yun Ting Hsia;Jeong Bong Lee
{"title":"Dual-Mode Detection of Urinary Chemokine and Ion Imbalance of BPS/IC Patients Toward Therapeutic Efficacy Assessment","authors":"Tanzila Noushin;Jinwon Jeong;Muhammad Luqman Haider;Yun Ting Hsia;Jeong Bong Lee","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3607871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3607871","url":null,"abstract":"Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) is a chronic urological condition characterized by pelvic pain and urinary urgency, often misdiagnosed due to symptom overlap with other analogous disorders. The absence of specific, noninvasive biomarkers complicates its diagnosis and hinders effective monitoring of disease progression and therapeutic response. C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) is recognized as a potential inflammatory biomarker for BPS/IC, while urinary potassium (K<sup>+</sup>) levels reflect epithelial barrier dysfunction. In this letter, we present a novel screen-printed, low-cost, and rapid electrochemical sensor for simultaneous point-of-care detection of CCL5 and K<sup>+</sup> in urine samples. The sensor employs immunosensing and ion-selective membrane strategies to achieve excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and operational stability, having a low detection limit of 60 fg/mL and 80 pM for CCL5 and K<sup>+</sup> ion sensing electrodes. The dual-detection approach offers valuable insights into both inflammatory status and urothelial integrity, holds promise for early diagnosis and therapeutic strategy with improved patient stratification, and real-time personalized monitoring in BPS/IC.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 10","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jenna Rutowski;Tre DiPassio;Benjamin R. Thompson;Mark F. Bocko;Michael C. Heilemann
{"title":"Methods for Beamforming Using Structural Sensors on an Elastic Panel","authors":"Jenna Rutowski;Tre DiPassio;Benjamin R. Thompson;Mark F. Bocko;Michael C. Heilemann","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3607253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3607253","url":null,"abstract":"The design of an acoustic beamforming microphone is demonstrated using an array of vibration sensors coupled to an elastic plate. The signals recorded by each sensor are mechanically coupled to the bending resonant modes of the plate, which are, in turn, acoustically coupled to the direction and amplitude of the incident pressure wave. A filter is designed for each sensor to tune the magnitude and phase of each recorded signal so that a target directional acoustic response is achieved when the filtered signals are summed. Experimental results demonstrate that a linear array of structural sensors achieve an increased directivity of nearly 6 dB at low frequencies compared to a conventional microphone array, while being able to beamform in both elevation and azimuth. Although the resonances of the plate introduce reverberation into the recorded signal that affect speech intelligibility, the surface beamformer reduced the word-error-rate of a transcribed speech signal from 134.8% to 24.7% in the presence of a babble interfering source that was spatially separated from the target speech source by <inline-formula><tex-math>${{60}{^circ }}$</tex-math></inline-formula>.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 10","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiyary Villena;Jakes Herrera;Ignacio R. Matias;Jesús M. Corres
{"title":"Integrated Optoelectronic Refractometer Based on ZnO Photodetector With EHD-Printed Electrodes and PDMS Waveguide","authors":"Hiyary Villena;Jakes Herrera;Ignacio R. Matias;Jesús M. Corres","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3607442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3607442","url":null,"abstract":"This letter reports the development of an integrated optoelectronic sensor for refractive index (RI) measurement, based on a zinc oxide metal–semiconductor–metal photodetector with electrohydrodynamic (EHD)-printed interdigitated electrodes and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) waveguide placed on the sensor surface. The sensor detects variations in photocurrent caused by changes in the evanescent field of the PDMS waveguide when an analyte is deposited on it. A higher analyte RI results in decreased photocurrent. This work reports a promising application of conventional ultraviolet photodetectors for RI sensing. The use of scalable techniques, such as EHD printing and sputtering, together with direct integration of the PDMS waveguide, highlights the potential of the device as a compact and versatile sensing platform.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 10","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11153654","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultra-Low-Power Signal Processing Circuit for Magnetoelectric Sensor in Grid Network Topology Analysis","authors":"Fangqing Mu;Ping Li;Guoda Wang;Yumei Wen","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3606972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3606972","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes an ultra-low-power grid signal analog processor (UGSP) for magnetoelectric sensor systems. It is designed in accordance with the principle of a lock-in amplifier (LIA) and employs an intermittent operation mode by dynamically controlling the duty cycle of the enable signal. As a portable sensor interface platform, it achieves low-power, high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) signal detection in wireless sensor networks (WSN) for grid network topology analysis. For validation, the UGSP chip is fabricated with a compact size of 15 × 15 × 4 mm<sup>3</sup>. Its power consumption is only 35 µW at a 3.3 V supply, and is significantly lower than that of conventional AD630-based LIA (600 mW). It has an SNR improvement of 55 dB. The utilization of this UGSP considerably prolongs the operational lifespan of the battery-powered detection circuitry on the WSN node. It is also applicable to other sensor technologies requiring low consumption and high sensitivity, self-powered monitoring systems in smart grids, early warning of power system faults, real-time diagnostics, and other related applications.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 10","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steffen Epple;Zili Yu;Lena Schad;Mathias Kaschel;Michael Oehme;Jens Anders
{"title":"32-Channel 80 dB Dynamic Range Direct-Injection Current-Integrating ROIC for Ge-on-Si Detectors in a Near-Infrared Microspectrometer","authors":"Steffen Epple;Zili Yu;Lena Schad;Mathias Kaschel;Michael Oehme;Jens Anders","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3606205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3606205","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we propose a 32-channel direct-injection current-integrating readout integrated circuit (ROIC) for novel near-infrared microspectrometers based on backside-illuminated Germanium-on-Silicon (Ge-on-Si) near-infrared detectors. The ROIC provides near-zero-volt biasing to the Ge-on-Si detectors to keep them operating in the lowest dark current zone for the best signal-to-noise ratio. By choosing a proper integration time, a wide dynamic range of photocurrents can be processed. In our specific application, a microspectrometer with 80 dB photocurrent dynamic range, i.e., 5 pA to 50 nA, is targeted and successfully implemented. With this, the ROIC is one of the enabling parts to build up the novel backside-illuminated near-infrared microspectrometer. A test spectroscopy measurement on water and isopropanol has been carried out. Water, isopropanol, and their mixtures are clearly distinguishable, which delivers a good proof-of-concept of the ROIC and the overall microspectrometer design.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 10","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rule-Based Detection of Turns and Curves in Naturalistic Driving Using GPS and Gyroscope Data","authors":"Omar Hassanin;Shahab Alizadeh;Brenda Vrkljan;Sayeh Bayat","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3605575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3605575","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents an interpretable, rule-based framework for detecting and classifying common driving maneuvers using naturalistic sensor data collected from older adult drivers. The method relies solely on GPS-derived heading and gyroscope-based angular velocity, avoiding traffic-sensitive variables such as speed and acceleration. A two-step approach was implemented: thresholding gyroscope signals to detect sharp maneuvers and analyzing monotonic trends in GPS heading to capture gradual maneuvers. Each detected maneuver was then classified into distinct categories—loops, 90° turns, and curves (tight/wide × smooth/sharp)—using features such as heading change, peak angular velocity, and spatial extent. Evaluation on over 500 annotated events showed a classification accuracy of 98.6%, with high performance across most maneuver types. The framework is sensor-efficient, robust to driving variability, and well-suited for real-world applications in driver behavior monitoring and safety assessment.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 10","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"They Hear Me Rolling: Design and Characterization of a Distributed, Rolling Acoustic-Tactile Sensor","authors":"Wilfred Mason;David Brenken;Olivier St-Martin Cormier;Audrey Sedal","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3606337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3606337","url":null,"abstract":"Tactile sensor design has been widely explored at the centimeter-scale; fewer explorations exist in larger scale systems with varied geometries. We present a meter-scale tactile sensor for wheeled robotic platforms based on a flexible acoustic waveguide. This sensor architecture performs contact sensing over the surface of a rotating wheel with a single transducer that is separated from the sensing surface. The design and characterization of the sensor are presented, along with a demonstration of a state-estimation framework using tactile sensor feedback to measure surface features.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 10","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multidomain Lightweight Adaboost for Real-Time Fall Detection on Low-Power BLE Sensors","authors":"Chris Nunez;Tianmin Kong;Ava Hedayatipour","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3606290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3606290","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a practical and energy-efficient approach to real-time fall detection using a lightweight, interpretable machine learning model on a resource-constrained wearable device. We propose a multidomain learning framework combined with feature-space normalization to enhance generalization across subjects and data sources. A public dataset is augmented with data from a smaller cohort using an articulated skeleton model. To further improve robustness, we employ L2-normalized features. Inertial data are collected at 250 Hz using an Arduino Nano 33 bluetooth low energy, with local threshold-based filtering to reduce power consumption by transmitting only potential fall events. A compact AdaBoostM1 ensemble (50 depth-3 decision trees) trained on both real and skeleton-based data achieved 93% accuracy on a 30% hold-out from the ShimFall&ADL dataset, significantly reducing false positives compared to threshold-only methods without deep learning's computational overhead. This approach can enable interpretable, ultra-low-power, and disposable fall detection systems suitable for elder-care and rehabilitation applications.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 10","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Visualization and Analysis of Perfusion Cluster Velocity From a Large Area Near-Infrared Image Sensor","authors":"Adithya Naresh;Akihiko Fujisawa;Xingle Wang;Chung-kai Chen;Naoki Takada;Gen Koide;Takashi Nakamura;Yusaku Tagawa;Tomoyuki Yokota;Takao Someya","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3606440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3606440","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible, large area, image sensors (FLA-IS) can enable the capture of additional biomarkers not found in current wearable devices with discrete optical sensors. To demonstrate, this study utilizes an in-house, near-infrared sensitive FLA-IS system to collect data from multiple volunteers on a finger test site. A custom processing algorithm is applied to reveal subcutaneous perfusion movement and quantify that into a blood flow velocity equivalent biomarker: perfusion cluster velocity (PcV). The letter analyzes the variability and repeatability of all the processed signals by tracking features representing duration between selected points of interest for PcV and reference photoplethysmography (PPG) waveforms per cardiac cycle. The resulting analyses show 24% improvement in dynamic range and 20% less cycle-to-cycle variation for PcV, and PcV, PPG features compared to PPG-only features, demonstrating FLA-IS's potential for advanced biomarker measurements.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 10","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}