Yan Sun;Shuai Shao;Wen-qin Wang;Maria Sabrina Greco;Fulvio Gini;Shunsheng Zhang
{"title":"Low-Rank STRAP Filter Via Alternative Unfolding HOSVD for FDA-MIMO Radar","authors":"Yan Sun;Shuai Shao;Wen-qin Wang;Maria Sabrina Greco;Fulvio Gini;Shunsheng Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2024.3520656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2024.3520656","url":null,"abstract":"The multidimensional structure of frequency diverse array (FDA) multiple-input–multiple-out (MIMO) radar signals has attracted a lot of attention. It allows to extend conventional space–time adaptive processing to space–time-range adaptive processing (STRAP). In this letter, we propose two tensorial filters for FDA-MIMO-STRAP, called the clutter subspace filter and the clutter-free subspace filter, which exploit the low-rankness of the clutter to achieve better clutter suppression in a small auxiliary training data scenario. The proposed method makes use of the alternative unfolding higher order singular value decomposition with different dimensional partitions. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed filters over existing low-rank vectorial and tensorial methods.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 2","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark Kantor;Nicola Molinazzi;Tsvi Shmilovich;Slava Krylov
{"title":"Low-Cost Polymeric Energy Harvester as Vibration Intensity Sensor","authors":"Mark Kantor;Nicola Molinazzi;Tsvi Shmilovich;Slava Krylov","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2024.3519391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2024.3519391","url":null,"abstract":"We report on the design, fabrication, and experimental functionality demonstration of a simple, manufacturable, and cost-effective polymeric vibration intensity monitoring sensor for industrial applications. In the device combining sensing, energy harvesting, data processing, edge computing, and wireless connectivity functionalities, the electromagnetic harvester's output is used for the vibration intensity sensing. The electromechanical core of the device is realized as an assembly of three free-standing polyethylene terephthalate membranes with an array of micromagnets attached to them. The vibration of the magnets in proximity to the microcoils induces an electric current in the circuit and enables the EEPROM bit writing operation. The number of the \u0000<sc>on</small>\u0000/\u0000<sc>off</small>\u0000 voltage switching and memory writing events in unit time, each corresponding to the stored energy threshold level crossing, is used as a condition monitoring indicator. The output voltage of 1.2 V\u0000<sub>pp</sub>\u0000 (peak to peak) was measured in the 3 mm thick and 30 mm in diameter harvester operated at the accelerations of ≈31 g and frequencies between 860 and 930 Hz. The feasibility of the sensor operational cycle, including energy harvesting and storage, memory writing, and wireless data reading, was demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Triboelectric Nanogenerator With Hybrid Polymer Composites Based on Multiaxial Molecular Ferroelectric","authors":"Swati Deswal;Nanfei He;Wei Gao;Bongmook Lee;Veena Misra","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2024.3519760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2024.3519760","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular ferroelectrics are garnering growing interest across various applications and have only recently been utilized in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). However, their use has largely been confined to uniaxial ferroelectrics, with multiaxial ferroelectrics remaining underexplored. In this letter, we introduce a newly constructed TENG based on a multiaxial ferroelectric material, 3,3-difluorocyclobutanammonium hydrochloride [(3,3-DFCBA)Cl], which showcases distinctive traits of multiaxial ferroelectricity, a strong piezoelectric coefficient (\u0000<italic>d</i>\u0000<sub>33</sub>\u0000) of 33 pC/N, and a remarkable piezoelectric voltage coefficient of (\u0000<italic>g</i>\u0000<sub>33</sub>\u0000) of 437.2 x 10\u0000<sup>-3</sup>\u0000 Vm/N, about twice than that of polyvinylidene difluoride, making it highly suitable for the emerging field of wearable sensors. Herein, the multiaxial ferroelectric material (3,3-DFCBA)Cl was incorporated into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite, with electrospun polyvinyl alcohol fibers serving as the positive triboelectric layer. The resulting TENG device achieved the highest output voltage of 233 V and a maximum power density of 361 mW/m\u0000<sup>2</sup>\u0000 under an optimal load of 20 MΩ for the optimized 10 wt% PDMS/(3,3-DFCBA)Cl composite device. In addition, the harvested energy proved effective for capacitor charging applications.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jintu Borah;Tanujit Chakraborty;Md. Shahrul Md. Nadzir;Mylene G. Cayetano;Francesco Benedetto;Shubhankar Majumdar
{"title":"A Novel Hybrid Approach For Efficiently Forecasting Air Quality Data","authors":"Jintu Borah;Tanujit Chakraborty;Md. Shahrul Md. Nadzir;Mylene G. Cayetano;Francesco Benedetto;Shubhankar Majumdar","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2024.3519719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2024.3519719","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate and reliable air quality forecasting is essential for protecting public health, sustainable development, pollution control, and enhanced urban planning. This letter proposes a novel architecture namely wavelet-based CatBoost to forecast the real-time concentrations of air pollutants by combining the maximal overlapping discrete wavelet transform with the CatBoost model. This hybrid approach efficiently transforms time series of air pollution concentration levels into high-frequency and low-frequency components, thereby extracting signal from noise and improving prediction accuracy and robustness. Evaluation of two distinct regional datasets, from the Central Air Pollution Control Board sensor network and a low-cost air quality sensor system, underscores the superior performance of our proposed methodology in real-time forecasting compared to the state-of-the-art machine learning and deep learning architectures.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142918307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eudald Sangenis;Chi-Shih Jao;Crystal Wai;Andrei M. Shkel
{"title":"Far-Target Detection System for Outdoor and Indoor Environments","authors":"Eudald Sangenis;Chi-Shih Jao;Crystal Wai;Andrei M. Shkel","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2024.3518433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2024.3518433","url":null,"abstract":"Accurately localizing points of interest is vital for firefighters and first responders for effective surveying and rescue missions. Traditionally, firefighters rely on subjective visual descriptions transmitted via radios, leading to time-consuming and error-prone communication about their locations. This article presents an approach for far target detection (FTD) provided in terms of longitude, latitude, and altitude (LLA) coordinates in environments where GPS signals may not be available. Using LLA coordinates ensures concise communication among team members on their locations and provides a common coordinate reference system between outdoors/indoors. This article discusses the integration of three devices as a foundation for the FTD system. First, it uses zero-velocity-update (ZUPT)-aided inertial navigation systems (INS) via a foot-mounted inertial measurement unit (IMU) for personnel localization. Second, an augmented reality (AR) headset is employed to localize a handheld platform (HP) relative to the foot. Third, HP is used to determine the direction the firefighter is pointing at and to measure the distance to the objects. The system's performance was assessed through five experiments where a subject mapped a static point while walking a straight path demonstrating that the system is capable of achieving mapping precision within 2 [m] for distances on the order of 20 [m] from the target.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pose and Biopsy Sensing for Capsule Robot Based on Conditioned Multiple Magnets Tracking","authors":"Hongxi Liu;Jiaole Wang;Shuang Song","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2024.3517624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2024.3517624","url":null,"abstract":"Capsule robots (CRs) with biopsy functions is of great importance in clinical diagnosis. However, localization and sensing method for biopsy CR was still lacking in clinical scenarios. In this study, we provide a novel constraint multimagnet sensing method to locate the biopsy CR and evaluate the pop-out length of the biopsy needle, which is based on multimagnet tracking and constraints from the relationship between the magnets inside the biopsy CR. In-vitro experiments with biopsy CR have been conducted to verify the proposed method. The mean position error was \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$1.83pm 0.21$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 mm. The mean orientation error is \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$0.013pm 0.004^circ$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. The mean pop-out length error of all the samples is \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$1.67pm 0.32$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 mm. The proposed method can locate the biopsy CR effectively, making it a valuable addition to noninvasive gastrointestinal diagnosis and treatment.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark E. Limes;Lucia Rathbun;Elizabeth Foley;Tom Kornack;Z. Hainsel;Alan Braun
{"title":"Frequency-Dependent Amplitude Correction to Free-Precession Scalar Magnetometers","authors":"Mark E. Limes;Lucia Rathbun;Elizabeth Foley;Tom Kornack;Z. Hainsel;Alan Braun","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2024.3517345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2024.3517345","url":null,"abstract":"Pump and probe scalar atomic magnetometers show incredible potential for real-world, traditionally difficult measurement environments due to their high dynamic range and linearity. Previously, it has been assumed that these scalar magnetometers have a flat response across their bandwidth and flat noise floor. Here, we show that standard fitting routines, used to extract the magnetic field, result in a nonlinear frequency dependent response across the sensor bandwidth, due to the time-averaged nature of such free precession measurements. We present an analytic correction dependent on dead-time, and show how this equation can also correct the sensor spectral density. The maximum in-band amplitude loss approaches 29% as the frequency of interest becomes the Nyquist frequency, making a significant correction for applications such as source localization in magnetoencephalography (MEG). These pump and probe atomic magnetometers are also known to have large aliasing of out-of-band signals, and we propose a scheme where the frequency of out-of-band signals can be identified by performing fits with varying dead-time on the raw free-precession sensor data.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Refractive Index Sensor Using a SMS Fiber in an Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser","authors":"Silvia Diaz;Ignacio R. Matías","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2024.3516942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2024.3516942","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a refractive index (RI) sensor was developed and experimentally validated using an interferometric design that integrates single-mode fiber (SMF), no-core multimode fiber, and another segment of SMF. The single-mode–multimode–single-mode structure was employed as a filter and inserted into an erbium-doped fiber ring laser to enhance the sensor's detection accuracy. Experimental findings show that the sensor provides an outstanding linear response, with an RI sensitivity of 96.639 nm/RIU over a measurement range of 1.3468–1.4061, along with strong stability.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-Temperature, up to 815 °C, Frequency Bandwidth 12 kHz (± 3 dB), Piezoelectric Accelerometer Operating With Remote Charge Converter","authors":"Felix A. Levinzon;Margie Mattingly","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2024.3517322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2024.3517322","url":null,"abstract":"Design of the extremely high-temperature, up to 815 °C, piezoelectric accelerometer with extended frequency bandwidth is presented in this letter. The accelerometer incorporates a high-temperature, up to 815 °C, piezoelectric (HTPE) transducer connected to a patented remote charge converter (RCC) via a high-temperature shielded hardline cable. The HTPE transducer contains a Parker Meggitt MC2 high-temperature crystal in shear mode as a sensing element. The RCC suppresses the transducer natural resonance resulting in extending its frequency bandwidth from 3 to 7 kHz at the level of ±5% and from 6 to 12 kHz at the level of ±3 dB. The accelerometer including RCC has a sensitivity of 3 mV/G and a frequency range from 3.5 Hz to 12 kHz at the level of ±3 dB. RCC's gain is fixed and equals 1 mV/pC. It can operate over a constant current range of 8 to 20 mA and at temperatures from −10 °C to +100 °C. RCC features small size and weight, two-wire output, and allows a transducer to have a resistance as low as 10 kΩ that typically takes place at extreme high temperatures. The small size (about 24 × 14 mm) and lightweight (30 g) of the HTPE transducer allows installation in narrow locations with minimal structural support.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 2","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142940807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterization of Fornix Structural Changes in Controls, MCI, and AD Using sMR Images and Rotational Invariant Moments","authors":"Ahsan Ali;Jac Fredo Agastinose Ronickom;Ramakrishnan Swaminathan","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2024.3517320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2024.3517320","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative form of dementia that progressively affects individuals. Alterations in the fornix region are significant biomarkers of AD. In this letter, an approach is proposed to distinguish mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from normal cognition (NC) and AD subjects using structural magnetic resonance (sMR) images and rotational invariant moments (RIMs). Initially, the sMR images are preprocessed using a standard pipeline, and the fornix structure is segmented using the reaction-diffusion level set (RDLS) algorithm. Then, a total of 11 RIMs are computed from the fornix region. Further, the significant features are identified using statistical tests: Shapiro–Wilk, Wilcoxon's rank-sum, and one-way analysis of variance. The results indicate that RDLS effectively segments the fornix structure. The RIM features demonstrate high statistical significance (\u0000<italic>p</i>\u0000 < 0.01) in differentiating MCI from NC and AD, highlighting their ability to capture shape variations in the fornix. The proposed approach effectively differentiates MCI from NC and AD subjects, suggesting its clinical relevance in Alzheimer's condition analysis.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}