{"title":"DeePD-Net: A Deep Learning Approach for Diagnosing Parkinson’s Disease Using EEG Signals With IM-CEEMDAN Domain Entropy Features","authors":"Prithwijit Mukherjee;Anisha Halder Roy","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3614149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3614149","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex, incurable neurodegenerative condition that impacts a significant portion of the global population. Early detection of PD is critically important, as it enables timely and effective interventions that can slow disease progression and improve patients’ quality of life. This letter proposes a deep learning-driven approach for early PD diagnosis using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. In the proposed research, first, EEG signals are decomposed into multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) using the proposed improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (IM-CEEMDAN) technique. After that, seven different entropy-based features, namely, approximate entropy, sample entropy, bubble entropy, dispersion entropy, slope entropy, permutation entropy, and Rényi permutation entropy, are extracted from the IM-CEEMDAN-decomposed EEG signals to obtain relevant signal features. A deep learning-based model named DeePD-Net is designed and trained with the computed entropy features. The designed model consists of a convolutional neural network module, a multihead attention module, and the proposed novel long short-term memory (NLSTM) module. The proposed DeePD-Net model achieves a PD detection accuracy of 99.44% . The novelty of this letter lies in, first, utilization of the proposed IM-CEEMDAN for obtaining IMFs from EEG, second, designing a robust deep learning-based model DeePD-Net for PD detection, third, integration of a multihead attention mechanism in the DeePD-Net to enhance its PD detection efficacy, and finally, utilization of the proposed robust NLSTM module for PD classification in the designed DeePD-Net model.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 10","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dual-Mode LSPR–SERS Sensor Based on Silver Nanoislands for Gas-Phase VOC Detection","authors":"Cong Wang;Hao Guo;Yao Wang;Fumihiro Sassa;Hayashi Kenshi","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3612451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3612451","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we report a dual-mode sensor integrating localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for gas-phase detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The sensor is fabricated by sequential silver sputtering (5 nm per cycle) and annealing at 250°C, forming silver nanoislands on glass substrates. As the number of deposition cycles increases, the nanoislands grow and interparticle gaps narrow, enhancing plasmonic effects. The substrate prepared with four sputtering–annealing cycles exhibited the strongest SERS response when tested with 100 nM 4-aminothiophenol, while a fifth cycle led to performance degradation due to excessive aggregation. This optimized substrate was employed to detect ∼28 ppm of anethole vapor and ∼4 ppm of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde vapor. The LSPR measurements revealed rapid spectral shifts upon exposure, while SERS captured the characteristic Raman peaks. These results demonstrate the sensor’s dual capability: fast, label-free detection via LSPR and high molecular specificity via SERS. The silver nanoisland-based platform, thus, offers a promising approach for selective and sensitive VOC sensing in the gas phase.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 10","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sensor Validation in Carbon Capture and Storage Infrastructures","authors":"Amirshayan Haghipour;Gianluca Tabella;Jacob Stang;Pierluigi Salvo Rossi","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3611323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3611323","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing CO<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> emissions in the atmosphere is a critical task, and carbon capture and storage (CCS) plays a crucial role in various actions for mitigating climate change. Safety issues and fiscal metering in CCS systems require reliable sensor measurements. In this work, we propose an architecture for sensor validation, i.e., performing sensor-fault detection, isolation, and accommodation (SFDIA). The architecture is layered and based on soft sensors and a soft classifier. Both the soft sensors and the classifier are built as neural networks. The performances of the SFDIA architecture have been assessed using real-world measurements from a real-scale research facility at SINTEF Energy Research, namely, DeFACTO, and synthetically generated faults. Several experiments have been conducted to explore the transferability of the trained models across time and space.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 10","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Toward Long-Range, Batteryless Water Leak Detection: A LoRa-Based Approach","authors":"Roshan Nepal;Roozbeh Abbasi;Brandon Brown;Adunni Oginni;Norman Zhou;George Shaker","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3609297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3609297","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a fully self-powered, batteryless long-range (LoRa)-based water leak detection sensor system. This system integrates a layered electrochemical energy harvester, a dc–dc boost converter, and a supercapacitor to meet the high instantaneous power demands of LoRa transmissions. Upon water contact, the harvested energy activates wireless communication without requiring any batteries. The sensor is validated through hardware measurements, demonstrating over 500 mA of short-circuit current, activation time under 50 s, and robust performance across multiple interior walls. This solution marks a significant step toward scalable, maintenance-free, and LoRa battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) leak detection.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 10","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruiyan Wang;Dave Dudzinski;Russell J. Fedewa;Aaron Fleischman;Steve J. A. Majerus
{"title":"A Miniature, Broadband-Focused PVDF-TrFE PMUT With Interface ASIC for High-Resolution IVUS Imaging","authors":"Ruiyan Wang;Dave Dudzinski;Russell J. Fedewa;Aaron Fleischman;Steve J. A. Majerus","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3608669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3608669","url":null,"abstract":"Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is widely used for high-resolution imaging of vascular walls and plaques. This letter presents a focused 0.8-mm aperture IVUS piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUTs) based on a polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoro ethylene (PVDF-TrFE) piezoelectric copolymer, offering inherently broad bandwidth. A novel fabrication approach enabled spherical focusing on a freestanding PVDF-TrFE piezopolymer film, which was fixed in shape using conductive and acoustically inert epoxy. The PMUT, integrated with a high-voltage-tolerant analog front-end application-specific integrated circuits on a 1.5 mm width tower-shaped PCB, achieved center frequencies of 40 MHz and greater with −6 dB bandwidth of up to 92%. Pulse-echo and beam scanning confirmed the achievement of axial resolution 20 µm and lateral resolution up to 75 μm at 2.4 mm focal depth. IVUS images acquired from stent phantoms and vascular tissue clearly resolved vessel layers and stent struts, demonstrating 5 mm penetration depth and the system's suitability for miniaturized, high-resolution IVUS applications.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 10","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cattle Trembling Detection Using HFR-Video-Based DIC Analysis","authors":"Tegar Palyus Fiqar;Feiyue Wang;Kohei Shimasaki;Idaku Ishii;Toshihisa Sugino","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3607707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3607707","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a high-frame-rate (HFR) video analysis method that functions as a software-based vibration sensor to estimate when, where, and which body parts of cattle exhibit trembling by detecting tens-of-Hertz frequency components. The proposed sensor estimates velocities at multiple points on the cattle with subpixel precision using HFR-video-based digital image correlation, which is combined with a convolutional neural network-based object detection method to update segmented regions in each frame, even when multiple cattle are moving. We validated our proposed method using 1920 × 1080 video captured at 125 fps for multiple juvenile cattle in an indoor barn, demonstrating that the software-based vibration sensor can detect and visualize short-term trembling behavior with frequencies of 10–14 Hz.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 10","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anjam Waheed;Kenji Sakamoto;Tsunemasa Saiki;Satoshi Amaya;Riyanarto Sarno;Tadao Matsunaga;Sang-Seok Lee
{"title":"A Pair of SAW Devices-Based Viscosity Measurement for a Small Amount of Sample Volume","authors":"Anjam Waheed;Kenji Sakamoto;Tsunemasa Saiki;Satoshi Amaya;Riyanarto Sarno;Tadao Matsunaga;Sang-Seok Lee","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3608573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3608573","url":null,"abstract":"This research presents a new method to measure viscosity for a small amount of sample volume using a pair of surface acoustic wave devices. This method gives a real-time and noninvasive measurement and generates rotational motion of the liquid sample. To verify the proposed method, we conducted an experiment with aqueous sucrose solutions. The surface acoustic wave devices were designed to operate with small sample volumes and offer precise control over liquid manipulation by generating acoustic waves through interdigitated transducers. In the experiment, sucrose solutions ranging from 0% to 30% w/v were tested to investigate the influence of concentration on liquid viscosity and dynamic behavior. Rotational motion was induced in the liquid samples by applying alternating voltages, and the resulting movements were analyzed using image analysis software to calculate angular velocity. The experimental system also recorded resonance frequency shifts corresponding to different concentrations. Results showed a clear correlation between increased sucrose concentration and higher viscosity. The higher the concentration, the greater the voltage required to initiate rotation, and it resulted in reduced rotational velocity. A strong linear relationship (<italic>R<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.9618) was observed between the inverse of angular velocity and solution viscosity, confirming the feasibility of using a pair of surface acoustic wave devices for indirect viscosity measurement. The proposed surface acoustic wave device-based system offers a compact, efficient, and sensitive method for liquid characterization, with potential applications in biomedical diagnostics, chemical sensing, and lab-on-chip platforms.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 10","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Force-Sensitive Resistors for Detecting Peripheral IV Failure","authors":"D.M. Wilson;L. Guio;G.C. Valentine","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3605173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3605173","url":null,"abstract":"Peripheral intravenous catheters fail frequently, with some estimates of failure rates as high as 50% globally. In this letter, the potential for using force-sensitive resistors (FSRs) for the detection of swelling caused by infiltration or extravasation associated with peripheral IV failures (PIVIEs) is explored. Silicone models with elastic moduli and shape consistent with that experienced by body tissue during PIVIEs were integrated into a testbed with a layer of artificial skin, transparent film dressing, FSR, and bandage. The response of an FSR manufactured by Tekscan with a standard response range up to 1 lb (4.4 N) was measured for each combination of three swelling heights (8, 12, and 18 mm) and elastic moduli (∼390, ∼490, and ∼540 kPa) and compared to the response of a precise force sensor (SingleTact 1.0 N) to determine the feasibility of using FSRs for detecting PIVIEs. Results show that the FSR resistance consistently decreases with increasing swelling height for a given elastic modulus. The coefficient of variability in the force-sensitive resistor output varies from 0.60% to 31.3% with the lowest variability occurring for the smallest amount of swelling. When filtering is introduced to remove outlying events in the FSR response, however, the range of variability drops to between 0.42% and 10.2%. While these experiments are preliminary, they nevertheless demonstrate the potential for using FSRs in single-use, disposable patches for monitoring IVs and detecting failure due to infiltration and swelling.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 10","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}