Human Sport Medicine最新文献

{"title":"THE PERIPHERAL COMPONENT OF ERYTHRON AND CYTOKINE PROFILE IN STUDENTS IN RESPONSE TO EXAMINATION STRESS","authors":"V. Pavlova, N. Mamylina, A. Semchenko, Y. Kamskova, D. Saraykin","doi":"10.14529/hsm200105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm200105","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with studying the features of the peripheral component of erythron and cytokine profile in the blood of students with different modes of physical activity during psycho-emotional stress associated with exams in distance education. Materials and methods. The study involved 48 students aged 26.13 ± 0.48 years. To assess the concentration of erythron elements, the Cell-Dyne 3700 automated analyzer was used. The content of cytokines in blood serum was determined with the help of the Multiscane Biotech analyzer using reagent kits of the Cytokine company (St. Petersburg). Results. The features of the peripheral component of erythron and the cytokine profile were established in the peripheral blood of distant students. The severity of changes in anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines was determined. The revealed changes can be partially eliminated when aerobic training is included in e-learning programs. Conclusion. The results of the study made it possible to identify dysfunctions of the erythron and cytokine profile in distant students and to show the high efficiency of aerobic training in terms of increasing the hematological and neuroimmune reserve of the body under stress. The effects of aerobic training are considered as an adaptive resource that indirectly affects an optimal balance between the content of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and elements of the erythron in peripheral blood in distant students.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80883072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEATURES OF PHYSICAL ADAPTATION OF FIRST-YЕAR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TO AN URBANIZЕD ЕNVIRONMЕNT","authors":"N. Mishchenko, E. Svinar, A. Makarov","doi":"10.14529/hsm200102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm200102","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article is aimed at evaluating physiological adaptation (physical development, physical fitness and sickness rate) in first-year female university students not involved in sports to the urban conditions of the Kirov region. Materials and methods. Five hundred and thirty first-year female students not involved in sports (Vyatka State University, Kirov) participated in the study. Their physical development was estimated with the help of five anthropometric and eight physiometric parameters used for calculating 24 indices. To assess physical fitness, five types of tests were performed measuring general stamina, quickness, strength and other parameters. To evaluate the influence of urban environment, the participants were divided into three groups depending on the population of their home cities: “big city”, “small town”, “village”. Results. First-year female students, who used to live in a big city before entering the university, have smaller chest circumference at rest and at maximum inhalation/exhalation than the girls of the same height and weight, who used to live in small towns or villages. Urban environment influences physical fitness, which results in generally low stamina and strength typical for females living in Kirov. Conclusion. The results obtained show that the increase in urbanization puts pressure on the mechanisms of physiological adaptation in first-year female students who used to live in small towns and villages before entering the university.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89040958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AND HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-GONADAL AXIS IN YOUNG WOMEN WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE","authors":"E. Milashechkina, T. Dzhandarova","doi":"10.14529/hsm200103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm200103","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article aims to evaluate the functional status of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal systems in females with vascular dystonia from a special medical group. Materials and methods. The study involved first-year female students divided into 3 groups: 1 (control, n = 45) – apparently healthy students; 2 (experimental, n = 27) – students from a special medical group with vascular dystonia (VVD): 1st experimental (n = 12) – students diagnosed with VVD of the hypertensive type, 2nd experimental (n = 15) – students with VVD of the hypotonic type. The functional status of the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenocortical and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal systems was revealed by the concentration of cortisol (K), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E) in saliva and the E / T ratio. Results. The content of cortisol in saliva in females with VVD in both experimental groups was significantly higher (P < 0.001, P < 0.05) than in the control group. Cortisol levels are higher in females with hypertensive VVD than in females with hypotonic VVD (P < 0.05). In females with VVD of the hypotonic type, the level of estradiol is higher by 24% than in the control group, and in females with VVD of the hypertensive type, estradiol is more than twice higher. The concentration of testosterone was significantly higher in both experimental groups compared to the control group (P < 0.001), an increase in T was observed in females with VVD of the hypertensive type. The E/T ratio in students with VVD in both groups showed no significant changes compared to the control group. Significant positive differences were revealed in females with VVD of the hypertensive type compared with VVD of the hypotonic type (P < 0.01). Conclusion. The results of the study showed that changes in hormone secretion can be considered as a chain of closely connected reactions in the regulatory mechanisms of the cardiovascular system for maintaining self-regulation of the body and ensuring adaptation under stress. Therefore, the disruption of any link requires the use of reserve capacities of the body, which affects the performance of the leading adaptation systems.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"192 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75547352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROTECTION OF ATHLETES AS AN ELEMENT OF THE SPORTS INDUSTRY: LEGAL ASPECTS","authors":"G. Shafikova, N. Datsko, M. Sagandykov","doi":"10.14529/hsm19s216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm19s216","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The purpose of the article is to determine the legislative and organizational decisions aimed at improving the mechanism of labor protection of athletes on the basis of analysis of scientific and applied research. Materials and methods. Scientific data in the field of athletes' labor protection, judicial practice, labor, administrative, sports legislation of Russia and foreign countries are analyzed. The article uses general scientific (dialectics, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretization) and private-scientific methods of research (formal-legal, technical-legal). Results. The result of the research performed proves the necessity of introducing changes in the current labor legislation in the field of labor protection, in particular, in the rules of exclusion of an athlete from the training process and competitions in case of not passing the training on labor protection and safety rules and not using personal protective equipment. There is a need for changes in the legislation on the protection of citizens’ health in terms of determining the competence of people with non-medical education, especially when giving them a right to provide first aid. Conclusion. The problem of athletes' labor protection should be solved by working in five directions: legislation improvement, organizing coaches' and other sports managers’ activity, preserving psychological and emotional condition of athletes, anti-doping, information and analytical activity.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91300366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPERIMENTAL APPLICATION OF HIPPOTHERAPY AGAINST PROBLEMS OF SENSOR INTEGRATION IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS","authors":"E. Ovsiannikov, G. Koviazina, V. Poperekov, N. Buldakova","doi":"10.14529/hsm19s215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm19s215","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The purpose of the article is to improve sensory integration, coordination and conditioning abilities in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) through hippotherapy classes. Material and methods. The pedagogical experiment was conducted on the premises of the Favorit equestrian club (Podolsk, Moscow Region) from September 2016 to September 2018. 10 preschool children with ASD participated in the experiment (experimental group). The following research methods were used: theoretical analysis and literature summary; pedagogical testing; summative and formative assessment; methods of mathematical statistics. Results. Analysis of changes in the indicators of the experimental group from the beginning to the end of the pedagogical experiment showed positive changes. The Romberg test indicators improved by 3.3 s, the results of the trunk stability test and trunk lift test improved by 6 and 5.03 s, respectively (p < 0.05). Assessment of sensory integration showed an improvement in tactile sensation by 14 points, in the vestibular apparatus by 12.63 points, the perception of visual information improved by 8.4 points (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The pedagogical experiment confirms the effectiveness of using hippotherapy for sensory integration dysfunctions in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders and improving coordination and conditioning abilities in children.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80043108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APPLICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF LOW INTENSITY FOR IMPROVING THE FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF ATHLETES","authors":"E. Grabovskaya, T. Lyalina, N. Tarabrina","doi":"10.14529/hsm19s213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm19s213","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The purpose of the article is to study the impact of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of quantum and micro-vibration effect on nonspecific adaptive reactions and the blood system of wrestlers. Materials and methods. Athletes of the first category or those having master of sport title with at least a five-year experience aged 18–22 years participated in the study. All participants underwent a course of therapy with low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of quantum and micro-vibration effect. The exposure was performed on a daily basis according to the principle ‘one day – one exposure zone’. The course consisted of 10 procedures. Non-specific adaptive reactions of the body, some morphological indicators of red blood, leukogram, erythrocyte sedimentation rate were determined. Mathematical and statistical processing of the data obtained was carried out. Results. It was revealed that low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of quantum and micro-vibration effect improved and stabilized the blood system and nonspecific adaptive reactions of the body. Conclusion. The course treatment with low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of quantum and micro-vibration effect contributes to the redistribution of nonspecific adaptive reactions of the body with an increase in training reactions, calm and increased activation. An increase in the average concentration of hemoglobin in erythrocytes, a slight decrease in hematocrit, a change in the composition of leukogram, and a decrease in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate were registered.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83636593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE CONDITIONS FOR TRANSITING TO THE STAGE OF PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT IN 14–15-YEAR OLD WRESTLERS","authors":"N. Suslov, V. Mishustin, N. Sentiabrev","doi":"10.14529/hsm19s212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm19s212","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The purpose of the article is searching for conditions in the training process for forming a permanent part of motor coordination typical for a competitive technique during the growth spurt. Materials and methods. Body length and body weight were measured in 2 groups of young males on an annual basis. The first group consisted of non-athletes (n = 18), the second group comprised of young weightlifters (n = 18). The examination was conducted in the following age groups: from 10 to 13 years and from 14 to 16 years. Body composition was assessed through the Matejko method. Special fitness was measured by the barbell velocity during the lift established with the help of the photoelectron device based on a transmitter (optical quantum generator), a photodetector, and a recording device. Using the correlation between the factual and model values of minimum fixation speed the efficiency of motor coordination was assessed in the range of 60–100% of barbell weight. These correlations were also used for establishing a limiting character of technique and strength. Results. The analysis of body weight during the annual cycle showed the change in weight categories. This reflected athletes’ weight gain while preserving their qualification. An earlier increase in general growth in young weightlifters has been established, which confirms the advisability of early specialization. It was found that when performing a jerk, the minimum fixation speed of the barbell increases with increasing body length. The insufficiency of this indicator compared to qualified athletes is compensated by an increase in the importance of the muscle factor, which reduces the reliability of motor actions. A training technique is proposed aimed at a more effective implementation of motor skills and a decrease in the barbell speed based on pedagogical instruction and information on the barbell speed. This resulted in a statistically significant (t = 2.89; p < 0.05) increase in the number of successful barbell lifts. Conclusion. When doing weightlifting, it is necessary to stimulate general growth and the growth of muscle mass with training loads being a leading factor in sports results. The training process combined with pedagogical instruction forms a stable motor skill and a reasonable transition to the stage of performance enhancement.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83173622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FITNESS CENTER LIABILITY INSURANCE FOR PROTECTING THE RIGHTS OF FITNESS SERVICES CONSUMERS","authors":"V. Kvanina, A. Spiridonova, A. Tikhomirova","doi":"10.14529/hsm19s217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm19s217","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The purpose of the article is to identify the most effective mechanism for ensuring the responsibility of fitness centers for harm caused to consumers as a result of providing fitness services that do not meet safety requirements. Materials and methods. The work examines the norms of the Russian legislation regulating the activities of fitness centers in terms of ensuring safety of fitness services, materials of judicial practice in disputes related to compensation for harm caused to consumers when providing fitness services, and the experience of foreign countries. The research methodology consists of analysis of regulatory legal acts and law enforcement practice. Results. It is proved that when providing fitness services that do not meet safety requirements harm can be caused, which requires additional collateral security for the responsibility of fitness clubs. It is proved that the liability insurance of fitness centers will protect the interests of consumers of fitness services and increase consumers’ trust and involvement in the fitness industry. Conclusion. In conditions of the increased risk of harm to customers of fitness centers resulting from the nature of fitness services, liability insurance for harm caused to the consumers’ life and health is an effective protective mechanism for ensuring customers’ inte­rests. Compulsory insurance of non-contractual liability for harm caused to consumers of fitness services needs to be stated in the legislation as a prerequisite for the activities of fitness centers.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74351411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECTS OF SPECIALIZED PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND ADDITIONAL AEROBIC TRAINING ON AEROBIC ENDURANCE OF POLICE STUDENTS","authors":"Filip Kukić, Nenad Koropanovski, Radivoje Janković, M. Dopsaj","doi":"10.14529/hsm19s208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm19s208","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate if the SPE classes were sufficient to improve the police students’ aerobic endurance over the period of 12 weeks; and to investigate if two additional aerobic trainings per week may have an effect on the students’ aerobic endurance. Materials and Methods. An initial and final estimated maximal oxygen consumption of 233 (♀87 and ♂146) police students were assessed at the begging and after 12 weeks of training. All participants were performing SPE classes as part of the curriculum, while experimental groups (♀39 and ♂81) conducted two additional trainings for aerobic endurance. A repeated-measure analysis of variance was used to analyze the effects of the treatments and the differences between the treatments. Results. The SPE with two additional aerobic endurance trainings significantly improved students’ aerobic endurance in both sexes (14 %, p < 0.01). Two aerobic trainings alone had large effects on aerobic endurance female (11.66 %, p < 0.01) and male (12.15 %, p < 0.01) police students. Conclusions. Relatively simple aerobic training, applied two times per week, could provide meaningful changes in aerobic endurance. Practitioners could use the period while police students are at the university to educate them on how to organize and conduct basic phy­sical training on their own.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85958153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE USE OF COMPREHENSIVE DIAGNOSTICS FOR ASSESSING THE FITNESS OF WEIGHTLIFTERS","authors":"A. Korzhenevsky, V. Klendar, G. Kurguzov, L. Tarasova","doi":"10.14529/hsm19s206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm19s206","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The purpose of the article is to develop a method of comprehensive diagnostics for assessing the functional status of weightlifters. Materials and methods. The study involved 14 highly skilled weightlifters at 2 pre-competitive stages of training. The parameters of cardiovascular (heart rate, blood pressure, Gench test), central nervous (differentiation of large and small muscular efforts, statokinetic stability of the body, the speed of sensorimotor reactions), neuromuscular (muscular response threshold) systems were determined. Power capabilities of athletes were investigated. On the 3rd minute of recovery after load blood sampling for lactate analysis was carried out. Results. The results obtained show that at 1 precompetitive stage of training when special exercises are primarily used athletes demonstrate the initial symptoms of fatigue (cardiovascular system and a number of indicators of the central and neuromuscular systems) along with the high level of development of power qualities and high anaerobic capacity. When re-testing athletes during their preparation for the most important competitions provided by a versatile training program, the functional status of the body systems was considered to be high. Conclusion. A comprehensive study allows assessing the fitness of weightlifters from a systemic perspective. The use of the developed method allowed to prove new approaches to training of highly skilled weightlifters.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80823152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}