Human Sport Medicine最新文献

{"title":"THE EFFECT OF FITNESS AEROBICS ON MORPHOFUNCTIONAL INDICATORS OF MIDDLE AGED FEMALES","authors":"D. Surnin, N. Usachev","doi":"10.14529/hsm200308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm200308","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The paper aims to identify the most effective direction in fitness aerobics for the best physical training of middle aged females. Materials and methods. A pedagogical experiment was conducted in March 2018 – November 2018. The experiment was held on the premises of the World of fitness sports club (Togliatti). Ninety (n = 90) females aged from 35 to 50 years participated in the experiment. All females were divided into three groups depending on their fitness discipline (Pilates (EG-1), strip dance (EG-2), step aerobics (EG-3)). To compare the programs, a set of indicators was used that characterize the morphofunctional and somatometric changes in the subjects, as well as the dynamics of physical qualities. Statistical data processing was performed using the Microsoft Office and Statistica for Windows v.6.0 software package. The collected data were described using sample size (n), arithmetic mean (x ~), and standard deviation (SD). Results. The recovery time (according to the functional test) in EG-3 decreased by an average of 0.8, in EG-2 – by 0.5, in EG-1 – by 0.4. Orthostatic test showed that the difference in horizontal and vertical positions reduced and did not exceed 10 bpm. Rate of recovery in step-test in EG-3 decreased by an average of 3.3 s, in EG-2 – by 2.8 s; in EG-1 – by 2.1 s. The strength of the abdominal muscles increased on average by 7 times (69.2 %); muscle strength of the shoulder girdle improved by 8.4 times (40.8 %); strength of the thigh muscles increased on average by 20.2 times (44.5 %); vertebral column mobility improved by an average of 7.2 cm (66.6 %); in EG – 1, coordination abilities improved by 6.3 s (73.9 %), in EG-2 – by 7.4 s (71.3 %), in EG-3 – by 9 s (69.2 %). Indicators of body proportionality after the experiment showed that there was a decrease in the hips by 8.3 ± 1.20 cm; waist circumference reduced by 5.1 ± 1.22 cm; breast circumference reduced by 1.8 ± 0.38 cm. Conclusion. The results obtained prove the greatest efficiency of step aerobics classes compared to other fitness disciplines, which is expressed in a significant improvement of the cardiovascular, respiratory, coordination systems and somatic indicators, as well as in an increase in physical fitness in middle-aged females.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90992122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT","authors":"O. Litovchenko, A. Maximova","doi":"10.14529/hsm20s116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm20s116","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The paper aims to reveal the features of the central nervous system and interhemispheric asymmetry in volleyball players with hearing impairment. Materials and methods. The study involved 14 athletes of various sports experience with varying degrees of hearing impairment aged from 20 to 35 years (average age 29.20 ± 1.3 years). Simple visual reaction was studied in terms of the reaction time, reaction stability, and functional capabilities of the nervous system. To establish the manual asymmetry, the M. Annette questionnaire and motor tests (dynamometry, tests for intertwined fingers, the applause test) were used, the coefficient of the right hand was calculated. When detecting visual asymmetry, the Rosenbach test and the telescope test were used. The coefficient of the right eye was also calculated. Results. It was established that a third of the examined athletes had a symmetric distribution of signs in both the visual and manual spheres. The reliable dependence between symmetric distribution and sports titles was not found. The reaction time in volleyball players with hearing impairment was reduced. The reaction stability and the level of functional capabilities were within the normal range and had a significant dependence on the sports rank and category. Conclusion. It was revealed that volleyball players with hearing impairment formed a special type of interhemispheric interaction characterized by a more uniform distribution between the right and left hemispheres, which resulted in low values of manual and visual asymmetry.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88321605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BODY COMPONENT COMPOSITION AND STRESS-INDUCED FEATURES OF LEPTIN SECRETION IN FEMALES WITH VARIOUS BODY MASS INDEX","authors":"L. Smelysheva, E. Musikhina, N. Artenyan, G. Kovaleva, G. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.14529/hsm200210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm200210","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article aims to study the dynamics of the adipose tissue hormone leptin in healthy females with different body component composition and body mass index to assess their energy status under stress. Materials and methods. Based on anthropometry and bioimpedancemetry, three groups of girls were formed: the first group included girls with a BMI of less than 18.5 kg/m2, body mass deficiency (BMD), the second – from 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2, normal body mass (NBM), the third – with a BMI of more than 24.9 kg/m2, which corresponds to overweight (OvBM). The body component composition was determined by bioimpedancemetry. Plasma leptin concentration was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay both in normal conditions and during emotional stress. Results. In the selected subgroups, a significant difference in the body component composition was found with an increase in the series of BMD → NBM → OvBM. When assessing the level of metabolic processes by the magnitude of the phase angle, it was found that 3.41% of females with BMD showed signs of increased protein catabolism. The stress-induced dynamics of the hormone leptin was evaluated. In normal conditions, the concentration of leptin in blood plasma positively correlated with BMI and depended on the component composition of the body. Conclusion. In persons with BMD, the adipose tissue hormone leptin had a negative dynamics under stress conditions, which was an adequate adaptive physiological response to stress. Females with BMD had a significantly high positive dynamics of leptin, while girls with OvBM did not have significant changes in its concentrations, which can be explained by the development of leptin resistance.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"47 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78320942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE FOR PREVENTION AND COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT OF POST-TRAUMATIC OSTEOARTHRITIS IN PROFESSIONAL AND AMATEUR SPORT","authors":"O. Tolmachev, A. Vekovtsev, A. Bykov, V. Pozniakovskiy","doi":"10.14529/hsm200214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm200214","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article aims to develop a non-alcoholic beverage for post-traumatic recovery of the structure and functions of cartilage tissue in professional and amateur athletes. Materials and methods. The materials used were a premix containing aquamin soluble (a natural source of calcium), glucosamine sulfate (a chondroprotector) and herbal components, as well as laboratory and industrial samples of a sports beverage. To assess the quality of the flavor syrup and the finished drink, generally accepted and special research methods were used including spectrophotometry, high performance liquid chromatography, and inverse voltammetry. Results. Beverage composition is scientifically substantiated based on the characteristics and functional properties of the ingredient composition. The main components of the formulation are premix 124-19, “Eleutherococcus” flavor and “Ginseng with herbs” flavor concentrated bases along with extracts of plant materials with synergistic properties for correcting metabolic processes in post-traumatic osteoarthritis. The novelty of the formulation is confirmed by the patent of the Russian Federation. There are evidence-based medical studies on the effectiveness and functional orientation of calcium and glucosamine in dietary supplements. A technology was developed for the extraction of plant materials, the innovativeness of which is the use of high pressure (100–200 MPA) for a short period of time (60–600 s). The formulation and technology of the beverage are tested in production conditions and are recommended for implementation. Conclusion. Sports beverages based on natural biological complexes can be effective for correcting metabolic disorders and maintaining health in post-traumatic osteoarthritis in professional and amateur sports.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73812766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALYSIS AND TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SPORTS AEROBICS","authors":"G. Ayzyatullova, T. Sakharnova","doi":"10.14529/hsm200211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm200211","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article aims to determine the balance of power in sports aerobics in various competitions and to shape approaches to training highly skilled athletes of the Russian national sports aerobics team. Materials and methods. The following methods were used in the study: the ana­lysis of scientific and methodical literature, analysis of video materials (7 videos of Russian Championships, 112 finals of European Championships in 2015, 2017, 2019, 106 world finals in 2016, 2018), analysis of regulatory documents in the field of sports activity. Results. The main trends in the development of world sports aerobics as well as its world leaders are determined: 1) a comparison of the competition rules allows determining the main and characteristic structural groups of elements in the competitive program of the leading Russian and world athletes; 2) the identification of major technical errors significantly affects the assessment as a whole; 3) the use of acrobatic and semi-acrobatic exercises in the competitive program both entertains and increases the complexity of the program. Conclusion. Sports aerobics is a relatively young sport in Russia. However, from the first steps, Russian athletes managed to win medals in this discipline. Initially, highly skilled athletes from related sports such as gymnastics, acrobatics, rhythmic gymnastics were involved in sports aerobics. Now, it is an independent sport with its specifics and training system. The Russian training system is proved to be reliable and effective considering the number of medals.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85433305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF A SPORTS-SPECIFIC APPROACH IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH HEALTH-RELATED ISSUES","authors":"L. Parfenova, G. Glazkova, E. Gerasimov","doi":"10.14529/hsm200216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm200216","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with the evaluation of experimental methods in the physical education of students with different nosologies based on a sports-specific approach. Materials and methods. The study involved 90 secondary school students (grades 5–6) with health-related issues. In the experimental group (EG, n = 45), training sessions were conducted according to the deve­loped program that included volleyball and Russian lapta elements. In the control group (CG, n = 45), students were engaged in traditional activities for students of the special medical group (SMG). During the experiment, physical development, functional status, adaptive abilities, physical fitness, and physical education competencies were evaluated. Results. At the end of the experiment, the students of the experimental group showed a significant increase in the functional capacity of the body. The Shapovalova Index in EG improved by 8.90–21.70%, in CG – by 0.20–7.80%; the Ruffier Index in EG improved by 21.30–29.10%, in CG – by up to 7.80%. Moreover, students in EG had a more significant development of strength and coordination abi­lities than in CG. Conclusion. The experimental technique in physical education of secondary school students contributed to the development of physical abilities, health, and physical education competencies in participants.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79301100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG MALES IN COMBAT SPORTS","authors":"V. Alekseeva, A. Guryeva, E. Nikolaeva","doi":"10.14529/hsm200205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm200205","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article aims to determine the functional characteristics of the cardiovascular system in adolescents and young males in combat sports depending on their body type. Materials and methods. Adolescents and young males of the yakut population (freestyle wrestlers and boxers) were examined. The indicators of 42 athletes were studied. Anthropometric and somatometric methods were used. The somatotype was determined by Pignet and Rees-Eysenck indices. The cardiovascular system was studied by the index of functional changes. Blood pressure measurements and pulse counts were performed before and after exercise. The following physical activity was proposed: extended arm squats with a frequency of 20 squats in 30 seconds. Statistical processing was carried out using the SPSS 17.0 software package. Parametric and nonparametric methods of statistical analysis were applied. Results. In terms of body mass index, 14.3 % of the surveyed persons had insufficient body weight, 85.7 % – normal body weight. Overweight and obesity in athletes were not detected. Only persons of teenage age had a body weight deficit. It was established that persons with a strong physique according to the Pignet index and a normostenic somatotype according to the Rees-Eysenck index possessed significantly larger reserve and recovery abilities of the cardiovascular system. Conclusion. The obtained morphofunctional characteristics can be taken into account when selecting athletes to achieve higher sports results","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88092938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEATURES OF GENDER-RELATED SOMATOTYPES AND A RANGE OF ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS IN FEMALE PARTNER ACROBATICS","authors":"E. Oleynik, K. Bugaevsky","doi":"10.14529/hsm200203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm200203","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article aims to study somatic changes and a number of anthropometric indicators in gender-related somatotypes in “base” (in standing or lying position) and “flyer” acrobats. Materials and methods. Studies have been carried out to determine several anthropometric indicators and morphofunctional index values such as standing body length, upper and lower limb length, shoulder and pelvis width, sexual dimorphism index by J. Tanner & W. Marshall, body mass index. The experiment included 44 athletes in the period of puberty and adolescence engaged in female partner acrobatics. Research methods used: analysis of available scientific and methodological literature; mathematical processing of index values and the results obtained. Results. An analysis of the results showed significant differences in all anthropometric and morphofunctional values of the “base” and “flyer” acrobats. It was revealed that among the “base” acrobats there were no athletes with a gynecomorphic somatotype. Among the “base” acrobats, there was a predominance of female athletes with a mesomorphic somatotype – 18 (81.82%), while there were only 4 (18.18%) athletes with andromorphic somatotype. In “flyer” acrobats, there were mostly female athletes with a gynecomorphic somatotype – 19 (86.36%), 3 (13.64%) athletes were characterized by a mesomorphic somatotype, and there were no representatives of the andromorphic somatotype. Conclusion. Specialization and selection of “flyer” and “base” acrobats should be carried out taking into account not only the age difference between these athletes but also such anthropometric indicators as upper and lower limb length, shoulder and pelvis width and such morphofunctional index values as sexual dimorphism index and body mass index.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88930310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS INTENSITY ON THE FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF 5–6 AND 6–7-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN","authors":"I. Krivolapchuk, M. Chernova, A. Gerasimova","doi":"10.14529/hsm200209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm200209","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article aims to identify the effect of regular physical activity of medium and high intensity on the functional status of 5–6 and 6–7-year-old children. Materials and methods. The study involved children assigned for health reasons to the main medical group. A set of indicators characterizing the physiological, psychological, and behavioral aspects of the functional status was used. The experimental programs differed in the intensity of physical exercises. Results. Training programs based on high-intensity physical exercises contributed to a significant improvement in the functional status of the body, autonomic supply, physical performance and physical fitness compared to medium-intensity training programs. Comparison of functional indicators in children revealed that in 5–6-year-old children the level of general activation both in a state of calm wakefulness and under information loads at all stages of the study was higher than in 6–7-year-old children, while physical performance and motor fitness, on the contrary, were lower. Conclusion. The obtained results provide the evidence that 5–6 and 6–7-year-old children making physical exercises of high intensity performed better than those who had exercises of medium intensity as resulted from the degree of positive changes in functional indicators.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86394806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPROVING THE TRAINING PROCESS OF 16–17-YEAR-OLD BIATHLETES BY MEANS OF HYPOXIC-HYPERCAPNIC EXPOSURES AND CONTROL OF CHANGES IN THE PREMORBID CONDITION OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN THE BASIC STAGE OF SPORTS PREPARATION","authors":"D. Maleev, E. Vinogradov, A. Isaev, V. Khodkevich","doi":"10.14529/hsm200202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm200202","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with theoretical and experimental substantiation of the effectiveness of basic and ergogenic (hypoxic-hypercapnic exposures) aids in the preparation of 16–17-year-old biathletes. Materials and methods. The study involved two groups of 16–17-year-old biathletes. All athletes underwent an in-depth medical examination at the beginning of the experiment. Throughout the study, their functional status was assessed by the premorbid index of the cardio-vascular system obtained with the CardioSoft diagnostic system (USA). Results. Hypoxic-hypercapnic exposures in sports training along with the general training program aimed at deve­loping local-regional muscle endurance is a promising approach that can ensure a high level of functional abilities in athletes and improve their sports results. Conclusion. The results of the study contribute to the improvement of the training system for 16-17-year-old biathletes at the basic stage of sports preparation. The study proves that the innovative method proposed is effective for controlling the premorbid state of the cardiovascular system in athletes.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76330986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}