Human Sport Medicine最新文献

{"title":"THE EFFECT OF ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYTIC PERFORMANCE ON THE FUNCTIONAL STATUS AND COGNITIVE EFFICIENCY IN PRIMARY SCHOOLCHILDREN","authors":"I. Krivolapchuk, A. Gerasimova, V. Myshiakov, V. Chicherin","doi":"10.14529/hsm19s204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm19s204","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim of the article is to establish the effect of anaerobic glycolytic performance on the functional status and cognitive efficiency in primary schoolchildren. Materials and methods. Children aged 7–8 (n = 181) and 9–10 (n = 168) years participated in the study. All children belong to the main health group. A set of indicators characterizing physiological, psychological, and behavioral aspects, as well as physical performance and motor fitness was studied. Results. During the study, anaerobic glycolytic abilities of the body were considered as one of the main characteristics of physical performance in children aged 7–8 and 9–10 years. It was established that the functional status of children aged 7–8 and 9–10 years during quiet wake and under information load depended on the level of anaerobic glycolytic abilities. Using the data obtained with the analysis of variance it was found that anaerobic glycolytic abilities provided a statistically significant effect (p < 0.05–0.001) on background activity, psychophysiological reactivity, cognitive efficiency and anxiety level. The importance of the effect of anaerobic glycolytic performance on changes in various indicators of the functional status ranged from 4 to 9%. Conclusion. The results obtained prove that anaerobic glycolytic abilities are the leading factor determining not only the inner structure of primary schoolchildren’s functional status and its age-related changes but also the peculiarities of psychophysiological shifts in the functional status under information load.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78761636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENHANCING SPORTING PERFORMANCE IN FIGURE SKATERS AGED 7–8 YEARS BASED ON DEVELOPING COORDINATION ABILITIES AND OPTIMIZING PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL INDICATORS","authors":"V. Gorelik, S. Filippova, V. Belyaev, V. Abramova, T. Knysheva","doi":"10.14529/hsm190408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm190408","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim of this article is to develop coordination abilities in figure skaters aged 7–8 years from the initial training group with the help of a special educational and training program. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the premises of the Trud sports complex in Togliatti. Twenty figure skaters aged 7–8 years from the initial training group participated in the experiment. All participants were divided into 2 subgroups: the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG), 10 girls each. The main difference between groups was the use of a special exercise program in the experimental group aimed at the development of coordination abilities in figure skaters. In the control group, classes were held according to the standard educational program. The diagnostic technique included the computer program “Researcher of temporal and spatial properties of a person version 2.1”. Results. The article provides an experimental justification for the use of a set of exercises of special physical training (SPT) for the development of coordination abilities in skaters 7–8 years old. It was shown that at the initial stage of the pedagogical experiment (PE), the psychophysiological and motor indicators in the experimental and control groups did not differ significantly. Having introduced a set of exercises in the experimental group, we received a significant improvement in the spatio-temporal indicators and motor coordination compared to the control group. Conclusion. Using a set of exercises for the development of coordination abilities in figure skaters allows improving the ability of young skaters to move on ice and developing the locomotor functions of young skaters with improved coordination abilities.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81612108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EFFECT OF ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS AND STEP AEROBICS ON PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IN FIRST-YEAR FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS NOT RELATED TO SPORT","authors":"M. Avdeeva, T. Belicheva","doi":"10.14529/hsm190308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm190308","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with establishing the effect of step aerobics and artistic gymnastics on physical performance in first year female university students. Materials and methods. 80 full-time female university students participated in the study. The first group practiced artistic gymnastics (Group 1, n = 40), the second group (Group 2, n = 40) – step aerobics. The mean age was 18.35 ± 0.04 years. In September and December 2017, their physical development, physical fitness, physical performance, respiratory and cardiovascular systems were assessed based on standard procedures using the data of maximum oxygen consumption and the step test. Results. At the beginning of the experiments, there were no statistically significant differences between Group 1 and Group 2. The mean maximum oxygen consumption values corresponded to satisfactory performance (39.85 ± 0.37 – Group 1, 38.92 ± 0.42 – Group 2, р = 0.1). At the end of the experiment, there were statistically significant differences in terms of the mean maximum oxygen consumption: 40.73 ± 0.21 – Group 1 and 41.61 ± 0.21 – Group 2. The results of the ranking showed that the majority of participants demonstrated an increase in physical performance. Group 1 showed an increase in the standing long jump, Group 2 improved 2000 m running time and the standing long jump. Group 2 also demonstrated a decrease in heart rate and an increase in adaptation capacities. Conclusion. The lessons of artistic gymnastics during a semester do not influence significantly physical performance but improve speed-strength characteristics. Step aerobics influences positively physical performance, speed-strength characteristics, and the cardio­vascular system in first-year female university students not related to sport.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79304239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOME ASPECTS OF THE ASSESSMENT OF ANAEROBIC CAPACITY IN COMBAT ATHLETES","authors":"F. Zotova, F. Mavliev, A. Nazarenko, I. Zemlenukhin, O. Razzhivin","doi":"10.14529/hsm190310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm190310","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with the assessment of anaerobic capacity in wrestlers depending on wrestling style and morphological indicators. Materials and methods. 33 male wrestlers participated in the experiment. All participants are apparently healthy people at the moment of the study and have their sports grades (from 1st grade to the Master of Sport). The test was conducted with the Monark 891E arm ergometer (Switzerland). The following parameters were obtained during the experiment: peak power (W), average power (W), time to peak power (ms). Results. Power was assessed with an arm ergometer. This power is mostly achieved by the muscles responsible for arm flexion and extension in the shoulder joint and, to a lesser extent, by the biceps and triceps responsible for flexion and extension in the elbow joint. This statement is based on the correlations between the peak power, average power, and chest circumference, which look as following: r = 0.58 ± 0.019 (р = 0.0006) and r = 0.68 ± 0.15 (р < 0.0001). At the same time, shoulder circumference is less correlated with power, while chest circumference correlates with the average power in a more pronounced way than body weight does (r = 0.68 ± 0.15 against r = 0.58 ± 0.19, at р = 0.049 – one-way analysis). Therefore, in wrestlers, it is necessary to take into account chest circumference, which will allow predicting the potential power of the locomotion connected with the shoulder girdle (in case if the test is adjusted to a specific wrestling style), as well as  the degree of shoulder girdle muscles development and training as one of the important predictors of successful combat. Conclusion. There are statistically significant correlations between the morphological indicators of wrestlers and their power. This can be used for the assessment of motor qualities depending on chest circumference, shoulder circumference, and skin-fat folds. It will be helpful for estimating a potential power and the efficiency of the training process as one of the main predictors of successful combat, especially at the first stages of multiyear training.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88741912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF ASSISTED TRAINING ON THE SPECIAL RUNNING PREPARATION OF JUNIOR SPRINTERS FOR 100 AND 200 m","authors":"H. Stoyanov","doi":"10.14529/hsm190309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm190309","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To test the effect of the assisted training tools on the most important indicators affecting speed development and the results in 100 and 200 min junior sprinters. Particular tasks were chosen to test the effect of assisted training on the development of speed, maximum speed, and speed endurance. Materials and methods. The study included a group of 8 junior athletes and lasted seven weeks (the pre-competition mesocycle – 4 weeks; competition mesocycle – 3 weeks). The study focused on the assisted training tools having crucial importance for the results in 100 and 200 m. The effect of these tools on the development of speed, sprint, and speed endurance was tested by establishing the correlations between them. Results. The study revealed that using the 30 m series with assisted training promotedthe maximum speed and start acceleration. There was also a strong correlation between 30 m assisted speed and the result in 100 m, which indicated that this training tool improved both the starting acceleration and maximum speed deve­lopment. Also, it was found out that the 200 m result depended on 30 m AST run and the 100 m time. Conclusion. The results showed that using assisted training tools promoted speed deve­lopment by the improvement of the nervous and muscular capacity in young sprinters.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73020327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METHODS OF MENTAL HEALTH MAINTENANCE IN TEACHERS EXPERIENCING EMOTIONAL STRESS","authors":"Jacob Clerico, D. Ilyasov, E. Cherepov, A. Sevryukova, E. Selivanova, N. Nikolov","doi":"10.14529/hsm190307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm190307","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with justifying theoretically and describing the authors’ methods of mental health maintenance in teachers experiencing emotional stress. Materials and methods. The proposed methods of mental health maintenance in teachers are based on the ideas of psychosomatics (S. Freud and I. Malkina-Pykh) and non-directive psychotherapy (C. Rogers). Three groups of methods have been described: self-analysis of a current life situation, energy recovery in teachers, and self-regulation of emotions in group interaction. Results. The authors studied neuro-psychological stress in teachers using Nemchin’s method. At the summative stage of the experiment, it was established that 56% of teachers experienced high neuro-psychological stress, and 26% – average. In 2018, the methods described were implemented at one of the comprehensive schools of the Russian Federation. The results of control diagnostics demonstrate a significant decrease in neuro-psychological stress in teachers who implemented these methods of mental health maintenance. This proves the effectiveness of the solutions proposed. Conclusion. This article contributes to the theoretical data on mental health maintenance in modern teachers. The scientific novelty and practical importance of this study are connected with the developed methods of mental health maintenance in teachers. The methods proposed can be used in practice for improving teachers’ expertise both in Russia and abroad.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80303829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE FEATURES OF MYOCARDIAL HEMODYNAMIC AND VEGETATIVE HOMEOSTASIS IN ATHLETES OF DIFFERENT QUALIFICATIONS FROM ACYCLIC SPORTS","authors":"E. Bykov, O. Balberova, E. Sabiryanova, A. Chipyshev","doi":"10.14529/hsm190305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm190305","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with studying the functional status of the cardiovascular system and the features of its regulation in athletes of different qualifications from acyclic sports. Materials and methods. Male athletes of different qualifications aged 18–22 years and involved in acyclic sports participated in the study. A complex noninvasive bioimpedance study of HRV and hemodynamics was conducted with the Centaur (Microlux) system. The study of morphofunctional indicators of the myocardium was performed with echocardiography. Results. In athletes with the rank of Master of Sports adaptation to physical training is implemented through the increase in stroke volume, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, the humoral metabolic activity of heart rate regulation, and myocardial thickening. In the athletes of the 1st and 2nd ranks, there is a predominance of sympathetic activity in heart rate regulation and the chronotropic mechanism in response to physical load, which proves their less perfect adaptation. Conclusion. Based on the results obtained in the transition period of training the features of myocardial hemodynamic and vegetative homeostasis were revealed. Namely, the increase in qualifications and sports performance enhancement are determined by both morphofunctional changes in the heart, and the improvement of heart rate regulation mechanisms and cardiac contractile function.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82196321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIOMECHANICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND AGE-RELATED FEATURES OF PERSONIFICATION AND INDIVIDUALIZATION DURING QUICKNESS AND SPEED-STRENGTH QUALITIES ENHANCEMENT IN YOUNG WEIGHTLIFTERS","authors":"A. Isaev, R. Khomenko, A. Nenasheva, A. Shevtsov, A. Batueva","doi":"10.14529/hsm190304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm190304","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with studying biomechanical, physiological, and age-related features in young weightlifters during quickness and speed-strength qualities enhancement. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the precompetitive stage of preparation. Weightlifters aged 14–15 and 16–17 years (n = 15) participated in the experiment. Body composition was studied with the Tanita BC-418AA computer analyzer. The spatial characteristics of spine segments were investigated with the help of the MBN-Scanner computer equipment. Postural studies were conducted with the stabilometric systems produced by MBN Russia. Blood flow spectral analysis was performed using impedance rheography (the Centaur diagnostic system). Results. The body composition of young weightlifters was varied in the following range: muscle mass – 52.4–53.9%, fat mass – 9.0–10.2%. BMI was equal 25.64 kg/m2. The data of the orthostatic test in young weightlifters revealed significant changes in HR, total spectrum power (TSP), and stroke volume regulation (SV) in the experimental group (p < 0.05). In the control group, HR changes were higher than in the experimental group. In 50% of athletes from the groups of sports performance enhancement, eukinetic blood flow was revealed, in 32% – hypokinetic, and in 18% – hypertonic. After a year of training, a consistent increase in stroke volume (SV) was registered, as well as a decrease in HR, peripheral vascular resistance (PVR), heart index, and arterial blood pressure. Conclusion. The control system allows revealing in time the problems connected with weightlifters’ preparation, offering rehabilitation measures, and transforming the training process itself (its orientation, volume, intensity) to optimize body functioning in young weightlifters.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76140846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHANGES IN SYSTEMIC AND REGIONAL HEMODYNAMICS DURING INTENSIVE MUSCULAR ACTIVITY (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)","authors":"M. Balykin, H. Karkobatov, Y. Shidakov, I. Antipov","doi":"10.14529/hsm190306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm190306","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with evaluating the changes in minute volume of blood circulation and the features of regional hemodynamics in somatic and visceral organs during intensive muscular activity. Materials and methods. Studies were conducted on outbred laboratory dogs (n = 16). At rest and at maximum physical exertion (running on a treadmill to failure), oxygen consumption (VO2), blood gas composition, the minute volume of respiration (VE) and blood circulation (Q) (according to Fick) were determined. The volumetric blood flow velocity in skeletal muscles and visceral organs (qt) was determined by introducing iodine-131-labeled microspheres into the heart cavity. Results. At maximum physical exertion, VO2 significantly increases by 11.7 times, Q – by 5.3 times. The volumetric blood flow velocity significantly (P ≤ 0.001) increases in locomotor (6.2–7.5 times) and respiratory (6.5–8.0 times) muscles. In postural muscles, blood flow does not change. In the myocardium, blood flow increases by 4.5 times and corresponds to changes in cardiac performance. In the adrenal gland, blood flow increases by 1.6 times (p ≤ 0.001), in the thyroid gland, it remains unchanged. In the kidney, blood flow decreases by 21.5%, in the liver by 23.0%, with an increase in the arterial fraction by 56.3% of organs. In organs of the splanchnic region (spleen, organs of the gastrointestinal tract), the volumetric blood flow velocity decreases by 44.9% (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion. During extreme physical exertion, most of the cardiac output is distributed into the locomotor, respiratory muscles and organs involved in muscle activity, while reducing the volumetric blood flow in the visceral organs. It is postulated that against the background of high oxygen demand and arterial hypoxemia in the somatic and visceral organs, there are competitive relationships for blood flow and the prerequisites for the development of total tissue hypoxia.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74211645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL LOAD ON PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION AND THE FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN BADMINTON PLAYERS","authors":"T. Vorobieva, L. Kharchenko, E. Shamshualeeva","doi":"10.14529/hsm190302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm190302","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with studying the features of psychophysiological adaptation to physical load and the functional status of the cardiovascular system in badminton players. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the premises of Dostoevsky Omsk State University during badminton training activities as a part of Omsk Higher Educational Establishments Spartakiadpreparation in September 2016 – May 2018. Fifteen students aged 18–19 years participated in the study on a voluntary basis. The study was conducted using the electronic surveys placed onhttps://onlinetestpad.com: the Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory and the Well-Being, Activity, Mood test. To establish the maximum anaerobic capacity of the body, the Margaria testwas used. A Zeugner’s polychromatic rapid test was used for establishing the emotional background. Results. The analysis of the results obtained revealed that the highest heart rate values were registered during a long badminton rally and reached 190 bpm. During pauses heart rate decreased to 160 bpm. A badminton rally of 4–6 seconds allowed maintaining the heart rate at 160 bpm.If followed by pauses heart rate decreased to 130 bpm. Assessing the mechanisms of psychophysiological adaptation and studying the subjective characteristics of situational and personal anxiety, well-being, performance and emotional background before and after training allow identifying athletes with different adaptation capacities and increasing their physical performance. Conclusion. The analysis of the results obtained demonstrated changes in psychophysiological adaptation and the functional status of the cardiovascular system. It was also revealed that physical load provoked stress in the mechanisms of psychophysiological adaptation.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"459 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75127373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}