Head & Face Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Endoscopic tympanoplasty using small intestinal submucosa xenografts for large tympanic membrane perforations: a one-year retrospective cohort study with clinical follow-up.","authors":"Po-Wen Chuang, Il Joon Moon, Li-Chun Hsieh, Chin-Kuo Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13005-026-00589-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13005-026-00589-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: To evaluate the anatomical and audiological outcomes of endoscopic tympanoplasty using porcine small intestinal submucosal (SIS) xenografts for repairing large tympanic membrane (TM) perforations. METHODS: This retrospective study included 102 patients with tympanic membrane perforations involving more than 50% of the pars tensa who underwent transcanal endoscopic tympanoplasty. Among them, 52 received small intestinal submucosa (SIS) grafts and 50 received perichondrial grafts. All patients were followed for at least 12 months. Anatomical outcomes were evaluated using otoscopic examination, and audiological outcomes were assessed using pure-tone audiometry. Multiple linear regression was performed to determine the association between clinical variables (age, sex, and comorbidities) and postoperative air–bone gap (ABG) gain. RESULTS: The graft uptake rates were 88.5% for SIS and 86% for perichondrium. Significant postoperative improvements in ABG were observed across all tested frequencies, with no significant differences between the two graft types. In the SIS group, patients younger than 65 years demonstrated significantly greater ABG gain compared with those aged 65 years or older (11.8 ± 8.3 dB vs. 5.8 ± 10.0 dB; p = 0.005). Sex and comorbidities were not associated with audiological outcomes. No major postoperative complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic tympanoplasty with SIS xenografts is a reliable and effective option for the repair of large tympanic membrane perforations, demonstrating high graft uptake rates and satisfactory postoperative hearing improvement. </p>","PeriodicalId":12994,"journal":{"name":"Head & Face Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12924546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146085652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term stability of ocular function after alloplastic computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing reconstruction of posttraumatic orbital defects: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"S Skade, M L Linderkamp, F Lentge, P Korn, P Jehn, N C Gellrich, K Hufendiek, R Zimmerer, M T Neuhaus","doi":"10.1186/s13005-025-00582-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13005-025-00582-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: We investigated the long-term stability of ocular function and eyeball position after posttraumatic orbital reconstruction of patient-specific implants using alloplastic computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). In this study, we evaluated the extent to which precise anatomical reconstruction contributes to stable functional and aesthetic outcomes over time. METHODS: Between 2010 and 2018, we retrospectively analyzed 69 patients who underwent orbital floor and medial wall reconstruction. The patients were classified into two groups following the implant type: CAD/CAM-manufactured titanium implants and standard CAD-based titanium implants. Long-term follow-up (LTFU) assessments included globe positioning, diplopia, motility, visual acuity, and intraocular pressure. The differences between the two groups were determined using statistical analyses. RESULTS: Deviations in the sagittal and vertical globe positions persisted after a median follow-up of 56 months in both groups, with no significant differences. Vertical globe deviation is significantly associated with diplopia. Patients with CAD-based implants showed a higher tendency for motility restriction and lower visual acuity than those with CAD/CAM implants. Intraocular pressure was significantly lower in the affected eyes in both groups. CONCLUSION: CAD/CAM-designed implants provide improved anatomical reconstruction; however, they do not significantly improve long-term globe positioning than CAD-based implants. However, they may also contribute to improved motility and visual outcomes. A close interdisciplinary approach involving ophthalmologists is important for optimizing treatment planning and postoperative assessments. </p>","PeriodicalId":12994,"journal":{"name":"Head & Face Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12930717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147283455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional and biochemical protection by combined N-acetylcysteine and D-methionine in guinea pig noise-induced hearing loss.","authors":"Po-Hsuan Wu, Nicholas Cheng, Wu-Chia Lo, Chih-Ming Chang, Po-Wen Cheng, Shing-Hwa Liu","doi":"10.1186/s13005-026-00588-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13005-026-00588-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE: This study examined whether combining antioxidants could enhance protection and permit lower dosing for treating noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The therapeutic effects of D-methionine (DMET) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were evaluated in a guinea pig model. METHODS: Ninety-six guinea pigs were randomly assigned to eight groups: control, saline, three NAC-only groups (100, 150, 200 mg/kg), and three NAC + DMET groups (100, 200, 400 mg/kg). One hour after six hours of broadband noise exposure, treatments were administered intraperitoneally every 12 h for seven days. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were measured before exposure and on day 14. Cochlear tissues were analyzed for Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-ATPase activities and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. RESULTS: No significant body weight differences were observed between saline and treated groups. NAC alone and in combination with DMET improved ABR thresholds in a dose-dependent manner. The combined NAC (200 mg/kg) + DMET (400 mg/kg) group achieved complete ABR recovery. Noise-induced reductions in ATPase activities were dose-dependently reversed by both treatments. The highest-dose combination restored 87.3% of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and 94.7% of Ca²⁺-ATPase activity compared to controls. LPO levels declined with increasing NAC doses, with NAC 200 mg/kg alone showing the greatest reduction. CONCLUSIONS: Combined NAC (200 mg/kg) and DMET (400 mg/kg) yielded the most substantial functional protection against NIHL. This combination was accompanied by lower LPO levels and higher Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-ATPase activities in the cochlear lateral wall, indicating a potential role in maintaining cochlear homeostasis following acoustic injury. </p>","PeriodicalId":12994,"journal":{"name":"Head & Face Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12952052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145989043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faces of inequality: social determinants of health in interpersonal violence-related facial fractures - a case-control study.","authors":"Aleksi Haapanen, Jussi Furuholm, Johanna Snäll, Anssi Auvinen","doi":"10.1186/s13005-026-00587-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13005-026-00587-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Physical violence often leads to significant long-term consequences and is recognized as the leading cause of death among adolescents and young adults in many parts of the world. Interpersonal violence (IPV) is also the most common cause of facial fractures. Associated behaviors such as alcohol and drug use contribute to these IPV-related facial fractures. This present study was a part of the SOCE-trial (Sociodemographic Factors Behind Craniomaxillofacial Emergencies), which aims to clarify the factors associated with emergency treatment for craniomaxillofacial conditions. This study focused on facial fractures caused by IPV. METHODS: This retrospective case-control study utilised data of patients with emergency visits at the oral and maxillofacial emergency unit of the Helsinki University Hospital for a facial fracture caused by IPV from 2013 to 2020. The data was combined with Statistics Finland and for each study subject, controls were randomly selected from the population of the same area as the cases. RESULTS: Of the patients 88.1% were male, significantly more than in the control group (48.9%, p < .0001). Cases had also significantly lower education, socioeconomic status and income compared to the controls. Fracture patients were more often of the lowest level of education (OR 9.8, 95% CI 7.62-12.613.1, 95% CI 2.67–3.51), lowest income quartile (OR 7.1, 95% CI 5.56-9.02O R7 83.5, 95% CI 2.98-4.00) and unemployed (OR 14.5, 95% CI 10.39-20.25. CONCLUSIONS: Facial fractures caused by IPV were associated with lower income and education. These patients are in economically compromised situation, and this should be considered when treating this patient group. </p>","PeriodicalId":12994,"journal":{"name":"Head & Face Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145989093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging characteristics and clinical correlations of orbital infections in pediatric sinusitis.","authors":"Xing Zhang, Chen Wang, Lulin Bi, Shuxin Wen","doi":"10.1186/s13005-025-00583-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13005-025-00583-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: To analyze the imaging characteristics of orbital infections associated with pediatric sinusitis. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on medical records of children diagnosed with sinusitis-related orbital infections over a 13-year period at Shanxi Provincial Children’s Hospital. RESULTS: A total of 150 cases were collected and diagnosed according to Chandler’s criteria: Stage I (74 cases), Stage II (42 cases), Stage III (24 cases), Stage IV (6 cases), and Stage V (4 cases). Ethmoid sinusitis was present in 91.3% (95% CI 85.7%–94.9%) of cases and maxillary sinusitis in 96.7% (95% CI 92.4%–98.6%). Ethmoid and frontal sinusitis were significantly correlated with post-septal orbital infections (χ2_ethmoid = 4.335, P_ethmoid = 0.037, odds ratio 3.80 [95% CI 1.00–14.42]; χ2_frontal = 3.882, P_frontal = 0.049, odds ratio 2.55 [95% CI 0.98–6.63]). Ethmoid sinusitis was also associated with subperiosteal abscess formation on the medial orbital wall (χ2 = 15.273, P = 0.011, odds ratio 0.12 [95% CI 0.04–0.40]). Five cases showed discontinuity of the lamina papyracea, with a significant correlation between its defect and the formation of subperiosteal abscesses (χ2 = 7.340, Fisher’s exact test P = 0.007, odds ratio 8.86 [95% CI 1.40–56.22]). CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric maxillary and ethmoid sinusitis are likely to cause orbital infections. Ethmoid and frontal sinusitis are more prone to cause post-septal infections. Ethmoid sinusitis, along with defects in the lamina papyracea, is closely related to the formation of subperiosteal abscesses on the medial orbital wall. </p>","PeriodicalId":12994,"journal":{"name":"Head & Face Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12937543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145970692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apical root resorption in Class III patients following pronounced mandibular incisor retraction with lingual high precision fixed appliances: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Julia von Bremen, Dimitrios Kloukos, Collin Jacobs, Lara Bettenhäuser-Hartung, Jonas Q Schmid","doi":"10.1186/s13005-025-00577-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13005-025-00577-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extensive retraction of mandibular incisors in Class III treatment may increase the risk of orthodontically induced apical root resorption (OIARR). This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the incidence and severity of OIARR in Class III patients treated nonsurgically with lingual high precision fixed appliances (HPFAs) and significant anterior tooth retraction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eligible for inclusion were adolescent and adult Class III patients treated with lingual HPFAs (WIN, DW Lingual Systems GmbH) and extraction of lower premolars, who completed treatment between 2015 and 2024. Pre- (T0) and post-treatment (T1) panoramic radiographs were measured for root and crown lengths, with relative root resorption (rRR, %) calculated for each tooth. Clinically relevant OIARR was assessed using the Malmgren index (scores 1-4). Statistical significance of mean rRR (%) changes was assessed using one-sample t-tests (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 25 patients (mean age at T1 26.8 ± 9.7 years; 12 females, 13 males; mean Wits at T0 -6.7 ± 2.5 mm) and 350 mandibular teeth were analyzed. The mean rRR for anterior teeth was 3.15 ± 4.05%, with no cases of severe resorption (Malmgren score 4) and only 6.7% of roots exhibiting clinically relevant shortening (Malmgren score 3). There was no increased risk of OIARR in anterior teeth compared to premolars and molars (3.15% vs. 3.31%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Extensive bodily retraction of lower anterior teeth was not associated with significant OIARR in this Class III cohort. Excellent torque control using HPFAs enabled considerable retraction with low risk of OIARR, supporting this approach as a safe nonsurgical alternative for Class III camouflage.</p>","PeriodicalId":12994,"journal":{"name":"Head & Face Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12849116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145933074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative CT analysis of intra-abdominal fat, subcutaneous fat, and bone mineral density disparities in individuals with obesity and obstructive sleep apnea compared to those with obesity alone.","authors":"Yu-Sen Feng, Zheng-Yun Sun, Yan-Kun Zhu, Qi Song, Jin Wang, Rui Zhao, Xue-Min Dong, Cheng-De Liao, Peng-Cheng Ma","doi":"10.1186/s13005-025-00584-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13005-025-00584-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVE: This study aims to utilize quantitative computed tomography (QCT) to compare body composition parameters and bone mineral density (BMD) between two distinct patient groups: individuals with obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and those with obesity alone (non-OSA group). By systematically evaluating QCT-derived metrics, we seek to identify specific imaging biomarkers that may aid in distinguishing OSA among obese individuals and to assess their potential diagnostic utility. METHODS: A total of 77 patients from Yan'an Hospital Affiliated with Kunming Medical University were enrolled and categorized into groups based on the presence of OSA. QCT was employed to collect data on fat-related and BMD parameters. The correlation between these parameters and OSA was analyzed, influencing factors were identified, and the diagnostic utility was assessed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: The OSA group exhibited greater subcutaneous fat area, visceral fat area, total fat area, total fat at the inferior margin of L1-L4 vertebrae, visceral fat, subcutaneous fat weight, area, and volume compared to the non-OSA group. Additionally, the OSA group had a lower BMD at the L1 vertebra compared to the non-OSA group, and all of these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis indicated that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for body weight and subcutaneous fat area at the inferior margin of L1 vertebra was 0.751 and 0.726, respectively. CONCLUSION: The QCT-derived measurements of intra-abdominal fat, subcutaneous fat, and BMD exhibit variations between patients with obesity and OSA compared to those with obesity alone. These differences serve as a potential foundation for identifying OSA in the obese demographic. Notably, the weight and subcutaneous fat area at the lower boundary of the L1 vertebra demonstrate enhanced diagnostic efficacy. </p>","PeriodicalId":12994,"journal":{"name":"Head & Face Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12908272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145917499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of fully digital occlusal splints in painful temporomandibular disorders: a randomized controlled clinical study.","authors":"Jianrong Chen, Weiwei Yin, Shuiqing Ding, Jueling Cao, Xiaolin Ding, Yi Liang, Jingwen Xiao","doi":"10.1186/s13005-025-00571-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13005-025-00571-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the clinical efficacy of digital occlusal splints in alleviating pain and dysfunction in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>TMD patients were enrolled and divided into digital and conventional occlusal splint groups (n = 66/group). Clinical outcomes, including visual analog scale (VAS) scores and temporomandibular function indices [Craniomandibular Index (CMI), Dysfunction Index (DI), Palpation Index (PI)], were assessed pre- and post-treatment. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to analyze condylar positional changes and joint space adaptation, while quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measured serum levels of inflammatory markers. Correlations between clinical, structural, and biochemical parameters were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups exhibited significant post-treatment reductions in VAS scores, CMI, DI, and PI (P < 0.05), with the digital group demonstrating superior improvements in VAS, PI, and CMI compared to controls (P < 0.001). CBCT revealed favorable structural adaptations in both groups, though the digital group showed greater enhancements in glenoid fossa depth and medial joint space (P < 0.05). Biochemical analysis confirmed significant decreases in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) levels, with additional reductions in nerve growth factor (NGF) and human leukocyte antigen B (HLA-B) observed exclusively in the digital group (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Digital occlusal splints effectively mitigate TMD-related pain and dysfunction, likely through synergistic mechanisms involving occlusal stabilization, joint structural optimization, and inflammatory modulation. This technology represents a promising precision-based approach for personalized TMD management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12994,"journal":{"name":"Head & Face Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12903701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145911152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of different access cavity designs and root canal sealers on the fracture resistance of extracted mandibular incisors.","authors":"Dilek Hancerliogullari, Tunahan Sen","doi":"10.1186/s13005-025-00585-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13005-025-00585-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: To investigate the influence of endodontic access cavity designs and root canal sealers on extracted mandibular incisors’ fracture resistance (FR) after 6 months of ageing. METHODS: Fifty mandibular incisors with similar dimensions and root lengths were collected and randomly divided into five groups (n = 10) based on endodontic access cavity: traditional access cavity (TAC) or minimally invasive access cavity (MIAC) and root canal sealers (AH Plus or NeoSealer Flo) with an intact tooth as control group. The teeth underwent FR testing after root canal filling and composite resin restoration. Statistical analysis was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk, one-way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey tests with the significance level set at 0.05. RESULTS: The control group exhibited the highest FR (434.60 ± 80.65 N). Significant differences were observed between the control and all experimental groups (p < 0.001 for TAC/AH Plus, and TAC/NeoSealer Flo, p = 0.002 for MIAC/AH Plus, and p = 0.001 for MIAC/NeoSealer Flo). The mean values for the experimental groups were 309.62 ± 82.51 N (TAC/AH Plus), 281.75 ± 50.79 N (TAC/NeoSealer Flo), 320.85 ± 40.77 N (MIAC/AH Plus), and 313.91 ± 42.44 N (MIAC/NeoSealer Flo), with no significant differences among them (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Neither the shape of the endodontic access cavity nor the type of sealer affected the FR of extracted mandibular incisors after 6 months of ageing. </p>","PeriodicalId":12994,"journal":{"name":"Head & Face Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12895845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145911148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The trauma of the tundra tongue: an experimental and computational study of lingual tissue damage following adhesion to a cold metal lamp post.","authors":"Anders Hagen Jarmund, Ståle Hagen Jarmund, Sofie Eline Tollefsen, Baard Cristoffer Sakshaug, Sverre Helge Torp, Håkon Jarand Dugstad Johnsen, Rita de Sousa Dias","doi":"10.1186/s13005-025-00581-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13005-025-00581-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tissues can adhere to cold metal surfaces, causing tissue damage upon detachment. For children, this often involves the tongue, so-called tundra tongue. This study aimed to assess the risk and extent of tongue tissue damage following adhesion to cold metal lamp posts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-four porcine tongues were acquired shortly after slaughter. The apex and basis of each tongue were separately brought into contact with a section of a cold metal lamp post and detached gradually or rapidly. Detachment force was recorded and tongues were visually inspected for macroscopic injuries. Selected tongues were assessed histologically. Finite element simulations were conducted in COMSOL Multiphysics to model intra-tissue temperature over time. Each tongue was tested twice (apex and basis), resulting in 168 experiments. Four experiments were excluded, leaving 164 for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Avulsion injury occurred in 89 of 164 experiments (54%) with risk increasing with the detachment force (p < 0.001). Peak tongue detachment force was associated with contact time (p < 0.001), tongue region (apex versus basis, p < 0.01), and release type (rapid versus gradual, p < 0.001). A non-linear relationship was found between metal temperature and detachment force (p < 0.01), with peak adherence at approximately -7.5 °C. Histological evaluation demonstrated intra-epidermal damage that could be rationalized with computer modelling. Nearly all experiments (92%) caused macroscopic, but not microscopic, cold injury, with risk increasing at lower metal temperatures. Computer simulations suggest that tissue damage is related to superficial tissue freezing that occurs under typical winter conditions and short exposure times.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The tundra tongue is a complex phenomenon. Although the risk of avulsion injury is significant, our findings indicate limited damage potential under normal winter conditions and brief exposure times.</p>","PeriodicalId":12994,"journal":{"name":"Head & Face Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12870143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145900207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}