Health physics最新文献

{"title":"Knowledge and Adherence to Radiation Protection among Non-radiation Health Care Workers at Two Operating Theatres in Windhoek, Namibia.","authors":"Panduleni Shivute, Moneni Shilumba","doi":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001888","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Background: In operating theatres, diagnostic radiography is used to capture images during surgical operations. With the growing use of fluoroscopy, there are concerns about increased radiation exposure to healthcare workers such as doctors and nurses. Thus, assessing HCWs' knowledge and adherence to radiation protection is crucial to prevent overexposure, radiation-related health issues, and ensure patient safety. Objective: The study aimed to assess the knowledge of non-radiation HCWs regarding radiation protection and determine the level of adherence to radiation protection in two theaters. Methods: A quantitative descriptive research methodology was used. Data collection involved a questionnaire, and participants were selected through a simple random sampling method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: Fifty-eight non-radiation HCWs participated. Most (77.6%) were female with nurses comprising the largest demographic (62.1%). Most participants (53.4%) lacked prior education in radiation protection. Concerningly, 70.7% did not use dosimeters during theater radiography, which is a requirement for radiation protection. No significant association was found between participants' allocated hospital and the level of knowledge, but a significant association (p = 0.027) was found between participants' allocated hospital and adherence levels. Conclusion: The findings suggest inadequate knowledge and adherence to radiation protection. Therefore, education on radiation protection must be mandated, and measures should be taken to enforce adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":" ","pages":"211-217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimate of the Deterministic Neutron RBE for Radiation-induced Pseudo-Pelger Huët Cell Formation.","authors":"R E Goans, C J Iddins, R E Goans","doi":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001881","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Using archival peripheral blood slides from radiation accident patients, we have recently described the pseudo-Pelger Huët anomaly (PPHA) in neutrophils as a new radiation-induced biomarker, useful for dosimetry not only immediately after a radiation incident but also potentially helpful as a tool in retrospective dosimetry. In conjunction with the Radiation Accident Registry at the Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS), the frequency of PPHA cells has been compared from selected patients in the Y-12 criticality accident in Oak Ridge, TN, in 1958 and from the patient in the 1971 60 Co accident at the USAEC Comparative Animal Research Laboratory (CARL), also in Oak Ridge. Patients A, C, and D in the Y-12 accident are described as having an average dose of 2.53 ± 0.14 Gy gamma + 0.90 ± 0.05 Gy neutron, while the patient in the CARL event had 2.6 Gy gamma dose from event reconstruction. Since the average gamma energies are almost identical in these two cohorts, it is possible to estimate the deterministic neutron relative biological effectiveness (RBE d ) for PPHA formation in a criticality event. The neutron RBE d calculated in this way is an average value over the neutron fission energy spectrum and is found to be 3.4 ± 0.6, in good agreement with the currently recommended value of 3 for acute neutron dose to red marrow.</p>","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":" ","pages":"101-104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142106902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaps in Knowledge Relevant to the \"ICNIRP Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Time-Varying Electric, Magnetic and Electromagnetic Fields (100 kHz TO 300 GHz)\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001944","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>In the last 30 y, observational as well as experimental studies have addressed possible health effects of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) and investigated potential interaction mechanisms. The main goal of ICNIRP is to protect people and the environment from detrimental exposure to all forms of non-ionizing radiation (NIR), providing advice and guidance by developing and disseminating exposure guidelines based on the available scientific research on specific parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. During the development of International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection's (ICNIRP's) 2020 radiofrequency EMF guidelines some gaps in the available data were identified. To encourage further research into knowledge gaps in research that would, if addressed, assist ICNIRP in further developing guidelines and setting revised recommendations on limiting exposure, data gaps that were identified during the development of the 2020 radiofrequency EMF guidelines, in conjunction with subsequent consideration of the literature, are described in this Statement. Note that this process and resultant recommendations were not intended to duplicate more traditional research agendas, whose focus is on extending knowledge in this area more generally but was tightly focused on identifying the highest data gap priorities for guidelines development more specifically. The result of this distinction is that the present data gap recommendations do not include some gaps in the literature that in principle could be relevant to radiofrequency EMF health, but which were excluded because either the link between exposure and endpoint, or the link between endpoint and health, was not supported sufficiently by the literature. The evaluation of these research areas identified the following data gaps: (1) Issues concerning relations between radiofrequency EMF exposure and heat-induced pain; (2) Clarification of the relation between whole-body exposure and core temperature rise from 100 kHz to 300 GHz, as a function of exposure duration and combined EMF exposures; (3) Adverse effect thresholds and thermal dosimetry for a range of ocular structures; (4) Pain thresholds for contact currents under a range of exposure scenarios, including associated dosimetry; and (5) A range of additional dosimetry studies to both support future research, and also to improve the application of radiofrequency EMF exposure restrictions in future guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":" ","pages":"190-202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Anthropometric Phantom for Rapid Radiological Triage: A Quick Sort Triage Solution.","authors":"Hanan Datz, Ofer Aviv, Henry Spitz","doi":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001887","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Rapidly identifying individuals who have received internal radiation exposure above action guidelines is crucial for mitigating health risks and addressing public concerns immediately following a radiological event involving the dispersal of radioactive materials. This study describes a novel triage method using a conventional Geiger-Mueller (GM) detector to select those individuals from the large group of persons who may have received an intake of radioactive material at levels corresponding to one Clinical Decision Guide (CDG). The triage method involves placing a portable GM detector against the lower anterior torso of a sitting person as they bend over to surround the detector with their body. The response of the GM detector is evaluated using a new, specially designed anthropometric phantom that simulates combined tissues of the lower thorax and gastrointestinal (GI) tract and is fabricated with a tissue substitute material that matches the overall radiological properties of human tissue present in this body region. The phantom has four separate layers of tissue substitute material with ports to accommodate a single GM detector at the center and one or more sealed radioactive sources that can be arranged to characterize the detector response for a variety of source distributions, including a \"hot spot.\" In this study, the response of a Ludlum Model 133-4 GM detector was evaluated using sealed sources of 232 Th and 137 Cs to determine the measurement efficiency for a quantity of activity present in the abdomen within a few hours post-intake equivalent to 1 CDG. Results demonstrate that the Quick Sort triage procedure using a single GM detector placed against the abdomen of a person can reliably detect internal deposition resulting from an intake equivalent to 1 CDG for 232 Th or a significantly lower activity of 137 Cs within a few hours following a radiological incident. The evaluation was performed over a wide range of photon energies, so the Quick Sort triage procedure is expected to be suitable for most fission products distributed uniformly within the abdomen or as a single \"hot spot.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":" ","pages":"148-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Future of Health Physics: Trends, Challenges, and Innovation.","authors":"Lekhnath Ghimire, Edward Waller","doi":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001882","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This paper offers a comprehensive exploration of the future trajectory of health physics, examining influential factors in external and internal dimensions. External factors include an in-depth analysis of low-dose (10-100 mSv) measurement challenges and priorities, highlighting the transformative potential of biomarkers in solving radiation susceptibility following low-dose exposures. Cutting-edge technologies are at the forefront, with insights into emerging radiation detection tools like plastic scintillators with triple discrimination capabilities and sensors based on plastic scintillation microspheres (PSm) for estimating α and β emitting radionuclides in environmental samples. Remote detection systems using drones, robot dogs, and quantum sensors boasting heightened sensitivity and precision also are discussed. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and data analytics emerges as a pivotal element, promising to redefine health physics by minimizing radiation exposure risks. The exploration includes innovative materials for radiation shielding, advancements in virtual reality applications, preparation for radiological protection during armed conflicts, and the ever-evolving landscape of decommissioning health physics. Examining health effects from non-ionizing radiation and analyzing broader contextual factors such as regulatory shifts, geopolitics, and socioeconomic influences adds depth to understanding the external forces leading to the future of health physics. Internally, the paper focuses on the transformative dynamics of health physics education and training, encompassing expanded educational horizons, innovative delivery methods, targeted student outreach strategies, and insights into navigating health physics careers amid a dynamically evolving job market. The discussion unfolds further, focusing on new risk communication strategies, the collaborative potential of interdisciplinary approaches, and the significance of health physics summer schools and consortia for transformative educational paradigms. The objective of this paper is not only to unravel the multifaceted factors shaping the future of health physics but also to foster dialogue and collaboration for the unpredictable yet exciting journey ahead.</p>","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":" ","pages":"167-189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142285892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zero-count Detector.","authors":"Thomas M Semkow","doi":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001883","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>We developed a statistical theory of zero-count-detector (ZCD), which is defined as a zero-class Poisson under conditions outlined in this paper. ZCD is often encountered in the studies of rare events in physics, health physics, and many other fields where counting of events occurs. We found no acceptable solution to ZCD in classical statistics and affirmed the need for the Bayesian statistics. Several uniform and reference priors were studied, and we derived Bayesian posteriors, point estimates, and upper limits. It was shown that the maximum-entropy prior, containing the most information, resulted in the smallest bias and the lowest risk, making it the most admissible and acceptable among the priors studied. We also investigated application of zero-inflated Poisson and Negative-binomial distributions to ZCD. It was shown using Bayesian marginalization that, under limited information, these distributions reduce to the Poisson distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":" ","pages":"105-121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Mental Model-derived Themes on the Quality of Radiological Emergency Response by HAZMAT Technicians: Insights from a Case Study.","authors":"Angela E Leek, Nir Keren, Mack C Shelley, Warren Franke, Gretchen A Mosher, Stephen A Simpson, Timothy Rice, Andrew Lawson","doi":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001886","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This paper investigates the link between gaps in emergency responders' notions of mental model regarding radiation and risk and their effectiveness in responding to radiological incidents. Particularly, this work focused on exploring themes that emerged in prior work related to improper understanding and application of knowledge concepts related to radiation risks and Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) scenarios (Leek et al., 2024b). The research uses a quantitative approach to correlate various thematic elements, such as responders' confidence levels, comprehension, and application of radiation risk principles, with the quality of the emergency response score gained through a virtual reality simulation. The results underscore a strong effect of responders' confidence level on response quality scores. Additionally, the study identifies that improper understanding of knowledge concepts and incorrect application of radiation risk and RDD concepts are factors that detract from the quality of response, especially the tendency to overestimate health risks associated with a 25-rem (0,25 Sv) dose and to misapply principles of radiation risk. The implications of this research are significant for the development and refinement of training programs for hazardous materials (HAZMAT) technicians and other emergency responders. The findings suggest the need for a comprehensive review of current training methodologies to address the identified deficiencies that had impacts on the quality of response. The findings provide a foundation for reshaping training priorities and operational readiness, driving the development of training that is both grounded in empirical evidence and that directly addresses the knowledge gaps influencing response quality. The methodological framework developed and employed, including the quality scoring system and the Expected Mental Model State (EMMS) Diagnostic Matrix, also hold potential for broader application in future investigations, extending to diverse types of responders and emergency scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":" ","pages":"133-147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MPPD: A User-Friendly Posture Deformation Program for Mesh-Type Computational Phantoms.","authors":"Haegin Han, Jaehyo Kim, Sungho Moon, Gahee Son, Bangho Shin, Hyeonil Kim, Suhyeon Kim, Chansoo Choi, Chan Hyeong Kim","doi":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001884","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Recently, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) released adult Mesh-type Reference Computational Phantoms (MRCPs), which have great advantage in high deformability. Previous studies have exploited their high deformability to investigate the dosimetric influence of varying statures and postures, demonstrating significant variations in radiation doses. However, the previous studies are constrained by their inability to consider both stature and posture concurrently and by the limited range of postures analyzed. In the present study, a computer program named MPPD (Mesh-type Phantom Posture Deformer) was developed, a user-friendly graphical user interface that enables users to adjust the posture of adult MRCPs and corresponding library phantoms. The MPPD program was applied to deform five adult male phantoms of different statures into sitting and kneeling postures, showcasing its rapid computational speed and minimal RAM usage. The effectiveness of the MPPD program for dose calculation was also investigated by computing the detriment-weighted doses for MPPD-deformed adult male MRCPs, which showed good agreement with dose values for existing posture-deformed phantoms of the previous study. Furthermore, as an application of the MPPD program, the combined dosimetric impact of stature and posture was investigated, which is the inaugural effort to estimate doses by considering these factors concurrently. The result showed that the impact of stature and posture on radiation doses could largely vary depending on the radiation source, highlighting the importance of simultaneous consideration of stature and posture for accurate dose estimation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":" ","pages":"122-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Alternative Approach for Evaluating Induced and Contact Currents for Compliance with Their Exposure Limits (100 kHz to 110 MHz) in IEEE Std C95.1-2019.","authors":"Richard A Tell, Robert Kavet","doi":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001902","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers establishes exposure reference levels ( ERL s) for electric fields ( E -fields) (0-300 GHz) and both induced ( I IND ) and contact currents ( I SC ) (<110 MHz) in its standard, IEEE Std C95.1™-2019 (IEEE C95.1). The \"classical\" scenarios addressed in IEEE C95.1 include a free-standing, grounded \"reference\" person ( I IND ) or an ungrounded reference person in manual contact with an adjacent grounded conductor ( I SC ), each exposed to a vertically oriented E -field driving the currents. The ERL s for current from 100 kHz to 110 MHz were established to limit heating in the finger (from touch), ankle ( I IND ), and wrist ( I SC from grasp contact), specifying the 6-min average specific absorption rate ( SAR , W kg -1 ) as the dosimetric reference limit ( DRL ); whole-body E -field ERL s are 30-min averages. The DRLs were established assuming a default \"effective\" local cross-section (9.5 cm 2 ) and consistent with a composite tissue conductivity of ~0.5 S m -1 . A previous publication described the misalignment of the ERL s for E -fields with the ERL s for I IND (which extends to I SC ) and also proposed a ramped E -field ERL from 100 kHz to 30 MHz. For the frequency range 100 kHz to 110 MHz, this paper proposes temperature increase ( ΔT ) in ankle and wrist as the preferred effect metric associated with I IND and I SC ; applying the E -field ERL s as surrogates for limits to these currents; and adopting the proposed ramp. The analysis of ΔT is based on the tissue mix in realistic anatomic depictions of ankle and wrist cross-sections; relevant tissue properties posted online; published tissue perfusion data; and anthropometric data on a large sample of male and female adults in the US military, allowing an estimate of effects over a range of body size. To evaluate ΔT versus frequency and time, the Penne bioheat equation was adapted with convective cooling from arterial blood as the lone cooling mechanism. The analysis revealed that I IND s and I SC s induced by ERL -level E -fields produce SAR s in excess of the local DRL s (in some cases far exceed). Calculations of time to ΔT of 5 °C, reflective of a potentially adverse (painful) response, resulted in worst-case times for effects in the ankle on the order of minutes but on the order of 10s of s in wrist. Thus, compliance with the E -field ERL , as assessed as a 30-min whole-body average is incompatible with the time course of potentially adverse effects in ankle and wrist from I IND and I SC , respectively. Further analysis of the relevant exposure/dose scenarios and consensus of stakeholders with a multi-disciplinary perspective will enable the development of a revised standard, practical from a compliance perspective and protective of all persons.</p>","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":" ","pages":"156-166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Changes of Lymphocytes and Immune Molecules in Irradiated Mice by Different Doses of Radiation.","authors":"Tingyu Yang, Rong Gao, Yehui Gao, Mingyue Huang, Jialu Cui, Lin Lin, Hongbo Cheng, Wanyun Dang, Yue Gao, Zengchun Ma","doi":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HP.0000000000001957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The effects of different radiation doses on T and B lymphocyte functional subsets and the changes of immune cells and immune molecules were observed in mice at different times post-irradiation to provide a theoretical basis for the changes of immune cells affected by radiation. In this study, the changes of T and B immune cells and immune-related molecules were observed at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 d after single irradiation of 2 Gy, 4 Gy, and 6 Gy. The results showed that white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes (LYMPH), and lymphocyte percentage (LYMPH%) in peripheral blood of mice were significantly reduced and reached the lowest point 3 d after irradiation. Flow cytometry results showed that the percentages of CD3+T and CD8+/CD3+T lymphocytes in spleen and thymus were significantly decreased, and the percentages of CD19+B lymphocytes in spleen and CD4+/CD3+T lymphocytes in thymus were also decreased. However, the percentages of splenic NK cells, CD4+/CD3+T cells, and CD4+/CD8+ ratios in spleen and thymus were increased. Most of the indicators fell to the lowest or highest point 3 d after irradiation, indicating that immune function was suppressed at this time. From 7 to 21 d after irradiation, most immune cells gradually recovered. Single irradiation of 2 Gy, 4 Gy, and 6 Gy increased the contents of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IFN-γ in serum of mice and decreased the contents of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10. The serum levels of immunoglobulin IgA, IgG, IgM and complement C3, C4 were significantly increased after irradiation. Our study showed that a single dose of 2 Gy, 4 Gy, and 6 Gy induced immunosuppression in mice, and maximum immunosuppression was achieved 3 d after irradiation. At this time, CD19+B lymphocytes were the most sensitive, followed by CD3+T lymphocytes, and NK cells were the most resistant. The radiosensitivity of CD8+/CD3+T lymphocytes was slightly higher than that of CD4+/CD3+T lymphocytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}