Health physics最新文献

{"title":"Study on the Assessment Method of Occupational Radiation Dose to Interventional Radiology Staff Wearing Two Personal Dosimeters in China for the Period 2015-2021.","authors":"Shengnan Fan, Wenshan Zhou, Mengxue Li, Tuo Wang, Jun Deng, Quanfu Sun","doi":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001961","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Considering workers in interventional radiology occupationally exposed to relatively higher radiation dose, it is imperative to reasonably and reliably assess the occupational exposure of these workers. This paper presents a method to evaluate the occupational exposure to the interventional radiology workers monitored by using two personal dosimeters, based on data from 115,997 workers collected by the Chinese Registry of Radiation Workers in China during the period 2015-2021. It was observed that only 17.7% (20,572 in 115,997) of interventional radiology staff had a meaningful measurable result. The scatter plot of Hp (10) over - Hp (10) under vs. Hp (10) over was obtained to classify between the proper use group and misuse group. In addition, it was found that the effective dose calculated using the single-dosimeter approach proposed by Martin and Magee was close to those obtained using two other double-dosimeter approaches. Furthermore, the Swiss ordinance algorithm was chosen to assess the occupational exposure as a conservative estimation method. Meanwhile, it was also found that the average annual effective dose in tertiary hospitals is significantly higher than that in secondary hospitals in China ( Z = -2.491, p < 0.05/3 = 0.017). Based on these observations, rigorous surveillance, quality control measures, and better workload management are still necessary to correctly evaluate the occupational exposure of interventional radiology staff. Our results are expected to provide a feasible and accurate method for the evaluation of occupational radiation dose to interventional radiology staff wearing two personal dosimeters and contribute to effective prevention and control of radiation health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":" ","pages":"285-292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of Radiation Shielding for Terawatt-level High-power Laser Facility.","authors":"Shenghan Cheng, Zhilin Chen, Yu Li, Wenxiang Jiang, Minxiang Shu, Taiping Peng","doi":"10.1097/HP.0000000000002021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HP.0000000000002021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>A wide range of particle species, including neutrons, electrons, and photons, will be generated in a terawatt-level (TW) high-power laser facility, which poses considerable challenges for the development of effective radiation shielding solutions. The safety of both facility personnel and the public requires specified design considerations for these shielding systems. The Monte-Carlo code JMCT was employed to simulate and design the shielding structure for the TW facility. We calculated the radiation dose distribution throughout the entire facility for both single-shot and multi-shot operational modes. Our findings indicate that the strategic use of locally thickened shielding walls and mobile shielding measures can effectively mitigate radiation risks in TW-level laser facilities, ensuring that radiation doses within the personnel working area remain within regulatory limits. The results demonstrate that with these shielding strategies in place, the occupational exposure dose in the control room and the clean room can be confined to below 3 mSv y-1, while the public dose remains below 0.1 mSv y-1, considering an experimental frequency of 5 × 106 shots per year for overdense plasma experiments and 1 × 104 shots per year for underdense plasma experiments. The radiation shielding design method and results presented in this paper can serve as a reference for similar devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing the Minimum Detectable Dose for Thermoluminescent Dosimeters.","authors":"Jordan D Noey, Kimberlee J Kearfott","doi":"10.1097/HP.0000000000002020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HP.0000000000002020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This study examines the range of methodologies used to determine the minimum detectable dose for LiF:Mg,Ti thermoluminescent dosimeters, emphasizing the importance of incorporating uncertainties when assessing variability in dosimeter response. Dosimeters serve various purposes, such as verifying delivered doses, personnel monitoring, environmental surveillance, and research. Each application has unique performance requirements: research may prioritize accuracy and sensitivity at low doses, while routine monitoring favors robustness and efficiency. Dosimetry goals must therefore balance precision, practicality, and resource constraints based on the specific context. This study focuses on four operational factors-dose calibrations, machine vs. oven annealing, heating rate optimization during readout, and glow curve analysis techniques-that shape the variability observed in dosimeter response. Six common methods for calculating the minimum detectable dose were identified from literature and explored in this study. The results demonstrate a wide range of minimum detectable dose values of 10 μGy to 104 μGy, which reflects the combined influence of both uncertainties and the choice of equation. Heating rate was found to have the most significant impact on variance, while annealing methods and analysis techniques had moderate effects, and calibration uncertainties showed smaller implications. Rather than striving solely for the lowest minimum detectable dose, this study features the importance of understanding how these factors influence the minimum detectable dose and applying this knowledge to achieve realistic and application-specific dosimetry goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145075233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproducibility and Correlation of X-Ray Meters for Monitoring Scatter Radiation During Fluoroscopic Procedures.","authors":"Robert F Wilson, Paul Steege, Robert F Riley, Daniel Gomez-Cardona, Robert Golduber, Jacob Kamen","doi":"10.1097/HP.0000000000002035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HP.0000000000002035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The reliability and accuracy of solid-state radiation dosimeters used during clinical procedures using pulsed low-energy x ray is uncertain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three test meters commonly employed in the clinical environment were assessed: the solid-state detector X2 survey meter (X2) and two personal dosimeters, the solid-state detector i3 (i3) and the Geiger-Mueller detector RadFlash (RF). Paired measurements of scatter radiation using each meter and an ion chamber meter (IC) were obtained. Meter reproducibility and the interrelationship between meters were computed. The effect of meter angulation was assessed using a special meter harness to angulate each meter from 0° to 45° from the source of scatter radiation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each of the test meters had good reproducibility, but the X2 and the IC had the smallest 95% confidence intervals. Each test meter had linear and close agreement with the IC, but the Geiger-Mueller-based RF meter produced higher radiation level measurements than the solid-state meters. Measured radiation dose rates at 20° and 45° angulation were significantly less than that at 0° for the solid-state meters. The effect of angulation on the Geiger-Mueller-based RF meter was only significant at 45° angulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These data suggest that the tested meters studied can be used to measure scatter radiation in a low-energy, pulsed fluoroscopy environment, typical of clinical imaging. Using solid-state detectors, care should be taken to avoid angulation away from the source. In addition, the modest differences in the magnitude of the measurement with each type of meter, relative to an ion chamber, should be taken into account.</p>","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Monte Carlo Method for Estimating Secondary Photon Yields from Beta-emitting Radionuclides Concentrated in Environmental Soil.","authors":"E A Asano, S A Dewji","doi":"10.1097/HP.0000000000002031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HP.0000000000002031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>External exposure due to secondary photons (predominantly bremsstrahlung) generated from electron source emissions in environmental soil are of concern due to their ability to deposit significant amounts of ionizing energy to organs and tissues within the body. The \"condensed history method\" employed in many modern Monte Carlo (MC) codes may be used to simulate secondary photon yields (given as photons per beta decay) arising from electron source emissions with relatively few assumptions regarding the secondary photon spatial, energy, and angular dependencies. These yields may in turn be used to derive protection quantities such as secondary photon effective dose rate (DR) and risk coefficients for a variety of idealized external exposure scenarios. Use of the condensed history method is, however, computationally burdensome when simulating idealized external exposure scenarios even with available parallel computing resources. Consequently, use of the method was largely prohibitive for prior environmental dosimetry and risk assessment applications that required innumerable MC simulations for deriving secondary photon protection quantities. A MC method has herein been proposed for estimating secondary photon yields from electron source emissions in environmental soil with the condensed history method in a computationally feasible manner using the Monte Carlo N-Particle version 6.2 (MCNP6.2) radiation transport code. The proposed method was demonstrated with radiation transport models of idealized external exposure scenarios patterned after Federal Guidance Report (FGR) 15, and secondary photon yields determined using the proposed method and a previously adopted analytical method were compared.</p>","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145029775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results of Provincial Health Institutions Participating in Individual Monitoring Intercomparisons-China, 2022 to 2024.","authors":"Pin Gao, Kaiyi Wang, Yanqiu Ding, Wen Guo","doi":"10.1097/HP.0000000000002024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HP.0000000000002024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>To improve monitoring capabilities, China CDC organized individual monitoring intercomparisons, which provincial health institutions participated in from 2022 to 2024. The irradiation schemes and evaluation criteria were designed in accordance with GBZ 207-2016, \"Testing criteria of personnel dosimetry performance for external exposure.\" The Type II (photon) test specified in the standard was selected as the intercomparison type, with Hp(10) as the target quantity. Each institution submitted 21 dosimeters for participation in the intercomparison exercises. Irradiation schemes with various radiation quality and incident angles were randomly assigned to each participant. Out of 580 Pi values, 82.6% (479) were classified as excellent, and 96.9% (562) met the qualification criteria. Four institutions reported 18 unqualified Pi values. These demonstrate the reliable performance of the dosimetry systems. These intercomparisons helped participants identify system deviations and enabled radiation health administrative departments to grasp the capabilities of each institution, thus strengthening the protection of the occupational health of radiological workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Cutaneous Radiation Syndrome in a Mouse Model Using [ 18 F]F- Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography.","authors":"Alaa Mujahid, Bashayr Alotaibi, Chloe DeMellier, Carlos Gallegos, Mohammad Sherwani, Ara Alexandrian, Anna Sorace, Amy Brady, Remo George","doi":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001947","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Ionizing radiation on the skin has the potential to cause various sequelae affecting quality of life and even leading to death due to multi-system failure. The development of radiation dermatitis is attributed to oxidative damage to the skin's basal layer and alterations in immune response, leading to inflammation. Past studies have shown that [ 18 F]F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography ([ 18 F]F-FDG PET/CT) can be used effectively for the detection of inflammatory activity, especially in conditions like hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis, and early atherosclerosis. Since currently there are no specific tests for radiation dermatitis, our study aimed to validate whether radiation dermatitis induced in mice can be accurately visualized and measured using [ 18 F]F-FDG PET/CT. We induced cutaneous radiation syndrome in BALB/c mice with different radiation absorbed doses and monitored symptom development through photography, PET imaging, and histopathology, marking the first attempt at non-invasively quantifying radiation dermatitis effects at the molecular level using PET imaging. Our results showed that there were progressive changes in the dorsal skin of irradiated mice, with notable differences between those exposed to varying doses of radiation. Erythema, epilation, and desquamation were more pronounced in mice exposed to lower doses (25 Gy and 35 Gy) than at 45 Gy; however, by the third week, severe skin deterioration, including ulceration and dermal atrophy, was evident in mice irradiated with 35 Gy and 45 Gy. PET/CT imaging revealed increased [ 18 F]F-FDG uptake in the irradiated dorsal skin area of all mice compared to controls, with more pronounced avidity for the lesion in the 25 Gy and 35 Gy than the 45 Gy. Comparison of tissue-normalized SUV Max values showed that both the 25 Gy and 35 Gy mice exhibited fourfold [ 18 F]F-FDG uptake in the dorsal skin compared to controls, while a twofold uptake was seen at 45 Gy, thus indicating substantial metabolic changes in the dorsal skin induced by radiation exposure. Histopathological analyses correlated with the above findings, demonstrating generalized hypertrophy and epidermal thickening in all irradiated mice compared to controls, with thicker epidermis observed with higher radiation doses and increased destruction of microvasculature. In conclusion, PET/CT emerges as a successful tool for imaging cutaneous radiation syndrome, with the observed dermal changes in irradiated mice closely aligning with metabolic alterations of the affected area.</p>","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":" ","pages":"204-213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosomatic Bias in Low-dose Radiation Epidemiology: Assessing the Role of Radiophobia and Stress in Cancer Incidence.","authors":"Robert B Hayes","doi":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001983","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Historical assessment of radiation effects at low doses (below 0.2 Sv) are generally the result of back extrapolation from higher doses, which are known to have a linear relation between risk and dose. There are multiple counter-examples, and some literature argues that a threshold, nonlinear, or even a beneficial effect (hormeisis) can occur from radiation below these doses. The common theme found in all of these studies stems from the traditional approach of correlating disease rates to stimulus and then effectively curve-fitting the result toward zero dose. What has not been considered in general are the personal stress levels of the exposed individuals due to fear of cancer from low doses. The increased levels of cortisol due to the psychological stress from fear or depression has been shown in the literature to increase cancer probability. The extent to which low-dose exposed individuals were highly fearful or stressed from the radiation exposure would then give rise to elevated cancer based on stress rather than a fundamental radiogenic mechanism. If the population under epidemiological study is aware of a potential historical exposure (no matter how small) and has then lived under stress from fear or depression due to that exposure, the psychosomatic effects will bias the epidemiology accordingly and so should be quantified and accounted for as done with the effects of smoking.Health Phys. 129(0):000-000; 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":" ","pages":"198-201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12278744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radon-induced Background in X and Gamma Radiation Measurements Using Ionization Chambers.","authors":"Dobromir Pressyanov, Viola Zajonchovska, Dimitar Dimitrov","doi":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001977","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Ionization chambers with non-sealed volumes find widespread use in monitoring x and gamma radiation. However, the accuracy of results can be compromised by the presence of 222 Rn in the air. To investigate this influence, two ionization chambers, each with a 600 cm 3 volume and walls constructed of air-equivalent plastic, were exposed to controlled 222 Rn concentrations. Following exposure, chamber readings (expressed in units of exposure rate and air-kerma rate) were monitored for 11 d. Two components of the signal attributed to 222 Rn and its progeny were identified. The first component, which dominates within the first day after exposure, arises from radon diffusion within the volume through gaps in wall joints. The second component results from radon absorption in the plastic construction materials of the chamber, persisting detectably for over 10 d post-exposure. The background induced by airborne 222 Rn can be significant. Concentrations near the reference level in many European countries (300 Bq m -3 ) can generate signal equivalent to air kerma rate of about 1.34 μGy h -1 . This could potentially lead to erroneous radiation protection decisions in radiological departments. Addressing this background can be challenging, as contributions from 222 Rn concentrations in previous hours and days impact correction. It is advisable to store such chambers in locations with low 222 Rn concentrations and to use construction materials for ionization chambers with low radon absorption ability.</p>","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":" ","pages":"191-197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Tertiary X-radiation Exposure in C-arm Units: Risks and Mitigation.","authors":"Nada Alomairy","doi":"10.1097/HP.0000000000002032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HP.0000000000002032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Fluoroscopic C-arm units are used routinely in surgical procedures, but they pose potential radiation hazards, particularly in terms of scatter and tertiary exposure to healthcare providers, which can lead to long-term health effects. This study investigates the level of scatter radiation emitted by the C-arm during Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) surgery across four general hospitals. A water phantom was placed in the center of the operating table, simulating an average patient. OSL dosimeters were placed at standardized distances and heights around all sides of the phantom to measure scatter radiation exposure. The OSL dosimeter readings recorded consistent scatter radiation levels for all positions (A, B, C, D, and E) and heights (0.5 m, 1.0 m, and 2.0 m). Exposure levels ranged from 0.06 to 0.09 mSv, with negligible variations based on distance from the phantom. One-way ANOVA results showed differences in scatter radiation exposure between hospitals (F-statistic = 2.68, p = 0.044). Despite inter-hospital variations, exposure levels were below international safety levels. Results indicate that healthcare workers are unlikely to surpass the yearly dose levels of radiation during normal use. Routine exposure highlights the necessity for proper safety precautions, such as lead aprons, shielding barriers, and room layout optimization. Future studies should take C-arm shielding and positioning into account to continue reducing exposure to scatter radiation. Further research is recommended to evaluate long-term cumulative exposure and improve radiation safety protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144951697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}