Handbook of clinical neurology最新文献_第3页

Sleep and circadian dysfunction in Parkinson disease: New perspective and opportunities for treatment. 帕金森病的睡眠和昼夜节律障碍：新的视角和治疗机会

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-90918-1.00002-2

Yun Shen, Chun-Feng Liu

{"title":"Sleep and circadian dysfunction in Parkinson disease: New perspective and opportunities for treatment.","authors":"Yun Shen, Chun-Feng Liu","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-323-90918-1.00002-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/B978-0-323-90918-1.00002-2","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep and circadian dysfunction are common nonmotor symptoms in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Sleep and circadian dysfunction usually have a significant negative impact on quality of life and may also serve as markers to identify patients in the preclinical stage of PD. Sleep disturbances have different types in PD such as insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorders, restless legs syndrome, and sleep-disordered breathing. Because PD has a variety of clinical manifestations, sleep disorders and circadian dysfunction are most easy to be overlooked. The management of sleep and circadian dysfunction in patients with PD is complex as these conditions are heterogeneous; therefore, treatment plans must be individualized and directed at the underlying cause(s). Therefore, screening for and managing sleep and circadian dysfunction are important in clinical practice, and looking for new perspective and opportunities for treatment of them may improve the quality of life of PD patients. Therefore, screening for and managing sleep and circadian dysfunction are important in clinical practice. Looking for new perspective and opportunities for treatment will likely improve the quality of life of PD patients.","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"206 ","pages":"193-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in disorders of consciousness. 意识障碍中的血液和脑脊液生物标志物

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-13408-1.00006-3

Ibrahim Migdady, Aaron M Gusdon, Allen D Everett, Sung-Min Cho

{"title":"Blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in disorders of consciousness.","authors":"Ibrahim Migdady, Aaron M Gusdon, Allen D Everett, Sung-Min Cho","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-443-13408-1.00006-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/B978-0-443-13408-1.00006-3","url":null,"abstract":"The study of blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers is a promising and rapidly advancing field in the research of disorders of consciousness (DoC). The use of advanced biochemical and analytic techniques in biomarker research has improved our ability to identify new biomarkers that can aid in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of patients with brain injury. However, the use of biomarkers in clinical practice is limited by several challenges, including the lack of standardization in test and research methodologies. Despite this, identifying the most promising biomarkers and supporting their findings with strong evidence can improve their clinical utility. This chapter discusses the most promising biomarkers for DoC, which fall into four categories: neuronal, glial, inflammatory, and metabolic biomarkers. Understanding the role of each category in DoC can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of brain injury and inform the development of more effective diagnostic and treatment strategies. By integrating biomarker research with clinical practice, we can improve our understanding of DoC and provide better care for these patients.","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"207 ","pages":"165-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neuroglia and the blood-brain barrier. 神经胶质和血脑屏障。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-19104-6.00014-0

Henrique Nogueira Pinto, Parand Zarekiani, Helga E de Vries

引用次数: 0

Rhythms of light: Understanding the role of circadian timing in alertness and cognitive performance. 光的节奏：了解昼夜节律在警觉性和认知表现中的作用。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-90918-1.00016-2

Renske Lok

{"title":"Rhythms of light: Understanding the role of circadian timing in alertness and cognitive performance.","authors":"Renske Lok","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-323-90918-1.00016-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/B978-0-323-90918-1.00016-2","url":null,"abstract":"The nonimage-forming effects of light are pivotal in regulating cognitive functions, including alertness, sustained attention, and higher-order cognitive processes. These cognitive domains are deeply influenced by the sleep-wake cycle, which are governed by two key processes: the homeostatic process, which builds sleep pressure during wakefulness, and the circadian process, which aligns with environmental light cues to regulate wakefulness and sleep. When these processes fall out of sync-a condition known as circadian misalignment-alertness, sustained attention, and cognitive performance can suffer significantly. This misalignment is often observed in shift workers, individuals experiencing jet lag, and those with circadian rhythm sleep disorders. However, strategic light exposure can help mitigate these cognitive impairments by realigning circadian rhythms, enhancing wakefulness during desired periods, and facilitating sleep when needed. This chapter examines the complex interplay between light, circadian rhythms, the sleep-wake cycle, and cognitive functioning, offering a comprehensive exploration of how these factors shape cognitive performance throughout the day and under conditions of circadian misalignment. It also discusses the broader implications of these interactions for cognitive health and performance.","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"206 ","pages":"17-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling the hemispheric specialization of language: Organization and neuroplasticity. 揭示语言的半球专门化：组织和神经可塑性。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-15646-5.00008-7

Sonja Banjac, Monica Baciu

{"title":"Unveiling the hemispheric specialization of language: Organization and neuroplasticity.","authors":"Sonja Banjac, Monica Baciu","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-443-15646-5.00008-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/B978-0-443-15646-5.00008-7","url":null,"abstract":"The advancements in understanding hemispheric specialization of language (HSL) have been following two primary avenues: the development of neuroimaging techniques and the study of its reorganizations in patients with various neuropathologic conditions. Hence, the objectives of this chapter are twofold. First, to provide an overview of the key neuroimaging techniques employed to investigate HSL, along with the notable findings derived from them in the healthy population. Second, it focuses on the reorganization of HSL in physiologic (healthy aging) and pathologic (poststroke aphasia and temporal lobe epilepsy) conditions. The chapter emphasizes the importance of employing multimodal methodologies to comprehend the complex relationship between underlying HSL mechanisms affected by disease and resulting language impairments. Combining the neuroimaging techniques can help us understand how different characteristics of language networks combine into general mechanisms that support their plasticity. Nevertheless, it highlights the need for standardized HSL metrics, as the absence of such metrics poses challenges in synthesizing findings across studies. Additionally, while HSL findings are being accumulated, albeit multimodal, there is a lack of integration within a robust theoretical framework. In conclusion, there is a need for novel models acknowledging multimodal aspects of HSL while positioning it within the context of other cognitive functions.","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"208 ","pages":"351-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A scientific approach to diagnosis of disorders of consciousness. 一种诊断意识障碍的科学方法。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-13408-1.00003-8

Zachary D Threlkeld, Yelena G Bodien, Brian L Edlow

引用次数: 0

Management of vestibular schwannoma in the elderly. 老年人前庭神经鞘瘤的治疗。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-824534-7.00025-1

Ahmed Helal, Mathew L Carlson, Michael J Link

{"title":"Management of vestibular schwannoma in the elderly.","authors":"Ahmed Helal, Mathew L Carlson, Michael J Link","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-824534-7.00025-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824534-7.00025-1","url":null,"abstract":"The elderly population has been expanding and is expected to continue to do so in the future. This, together with advances in work-up for SNHL, led to an increase in the incidence of VS, with smaller tumor sizes and older ages at the time of diagnosis. One-third of VS exhibit growth, with an average growth rate of 2mm/year. Larger extracanalicular tumors are more likely to grow independent of patient age. Patients with higher baseline SDS fare better, and those managed conservatively have a higher preservation of facial function. Despite extensive research, standardized treatment for VS has yet to be implemented, especially in the elderly population, given the many individual variations. Watchful waiting is a reasonable option for smaller tumors, especially on initial follow-up, providing the highest rates of hearing and facial nerve preservation. An alternative option, which is especially advantageous in high-risk elderly populations, is radiosurgery, providing more than 94% tumor control rate with roughly 57% hearing preservation rate on long-term follow-up. Radiosurgery may be used alone or as an adjunct to microsurgery. Finally, microsurgery remains a feasible option for properly selected elderly patients with reasonable surgical risk, and large Koos grade 4 tumors generally not amenable to radiosurgery.","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"212 ","pages":"325-332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preface. 前言。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-824534-7.09998-4

引用次数: 0

Pathology and tumor microenvironment of vestibular schwannoma. 前庭神经鞘瘤的病理与肿瘤微环境。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-824534-7.00014-7

Cathal John Hannan, Aditya Raghunathan, Jamie J Van Gompel, Omar Pathmanaban

{"title":"Pathology and tumor microenvironment of vestibular schwannoma.","authors":"Cathal John Hannan, Aditya Raghunathan, Jamie J Van Gompel, Omar Pathmanaban","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-824534-7.00014-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824534-7.00014-7","url":null,"abstract":"Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are WHO Grade 1 tumors arising from the vestibule-cochlear nerve and account for 8% of all intracranial neoplasms. In recent years, there has been a dramatic evolution in how the pathology of these tumors is regarded, and there is emerging interest in the role of the tumor microenvironment. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive description of the pathology and microenvironment of VS, with a particular focus on the interlinked processes of immune cell infiltration and angiogenesis. Improved understanding of the pathophysiology of these tumors has already yielded therapeutic benefits in the form of bevacizumab for NF2-schwannomatosis-associated VS, and the potential role that immunomodulatory agents may play in the management of these patients will become clearer as our appreciation of the tumor microenvironment improves. Given the morbidity associated with current treatment options for VS, it is incumbent upon researchers to advance our understanding of this area so that we may use this information to develop new therapies and improve the care of our patients.","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"212 ","pages":"47-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Translabyrinthine approach to the cerebellopontine angle. 经迷路入路进入桥小脑角。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-824534-7.00031-7

Simon K W Lloyd, Walter Kutz

引用次数: 0