Cathal John Hannan, Aditya Raghunathan, Jamie J Van Gompel, Omar Pathmanaban
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Pathology and tumor microenvironment of vestibular schwannoma.
Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are WHO Grade 1 tumors arising from the vestibule-cochlear nerve and account for 8% of all intracranial neoplasms. In recent years, there has been a dramatic evolution in how the pathology of these tumors is regarded, and there is emerging interest in the role of the tumor microenvironment. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive description of the pathology and microenvironment of VS, with a particular focus on the interlinked processes of immune cell infiltration and angiogenesis. Improved understanding of the pathophysiology of these tumors has already yielded therapeutic benefits in the form of bevacizumab for NF2-schwannomatosis-associated VS, and the potential role that immunomodulatory agents may play in the management of these patients will become clearer as our appreciation of the tumor microenvironment improves. Given the morbidity associated with current treatment options for VS, it is incumbent upon researchers to advance our understanding of this area so that we may use this information to develop new therapies and improve the care of our patients.
期刊介绍：
The Handbook of Clinical Neurology (HCN) was originally conceived and edited by Pierre Vinken and George Bruyn as a prestigious, multivolume reference work that would cover all the disorders encountered by clinicians and researchers engaged in neurology and allied fields. The first series of the Handbook (Volumes 1-44) was published between 1968 and 1982 and was followed by a second series (Volumes 45-78), guided by the same editors, which concluded in 2002. By that time, the Handbook had come to represent one of the largest scientific works ever published. In 2002, Professors Michael J. Aminoff, François Boller, and Dick F. Swaab took on the responsibility of supervising the third (current) series, the first volumes of which published in 2003. They have designed this series to encompass both clinical neurology and also the basic and clinical neurosciences that are its underpinning. Given the enormity and complexity of the accumulating literature, it is almost impossible to keep abreast of developments in the field, thus providing the raison d''être for the series. The series will thus appeal to clinicians and investigators alike, providing to each an added dimension. Now, more than 140 volumes after it began, the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series has an unparalleled reputation for providing the latest information on fundamental research on the operation of the nervous system in health and disease, comprehensive clinical information on neurological and related disorders, and up-to-date treatment protocols.
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