Alexei Verkhratsky, Lot D de Witte, Eleonora Aronica, Elly M Hol
{"title":"Preface.","authors":"Alexei Verkhratsky, Lot D de Witte, Eleonora Aronica, Elly M Hol","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-443-19102-2.09998-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-19102-2.09998-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"210 ","pages":"xi"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preface.","authors":"Luigi Ferini-Strambi, Christian Cajochen","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-323-90918-1.09990-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90918-1.09990-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"206 ","pages":"xi"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anesthesia for excision of vestibular schwannoma.","authors":"Joseph Sebastian","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-824534-7.00027-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824534-7.00027-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anesthesia for the resection of vestibular schwannomas poses unique challenges; operative times are long, typically between 8 and 12h, during which there are varying levels of surgical stimulation. Close attention to positioning is essential to minimize skin damage, neuropraxia, and optimize surgical access. The delicate nature of microsurgical resection requires absolute patient immobility; this is made more demanding by the need to avoid neuromuscular blocking drugs to facilitate continuous electromyographic (EMG) monitoring of the facial nerve. The choice of anesthetic should enable this and allow for prompt postoperative assessment of neurologic function after prolonged exposure to these agents. Surgery on the vestibular apparatus can be a potent stimulus for postoperative nausea and vomiting, and postoperative control of these symptoms is important in order to optimize recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"212 ","pages":"253-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Owen M Thomas, Sarah Abdulla, Rekha Siripurapu, Stavros M Stivaros
{"title":"Vestibular schwannoma imaging and differential diagnosis.","authors":"Owen M Thomas, Sarah Abdulla, Rekha Siripurapu, Stavros M Stivaros","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-824534-7.00005-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824534-7.00005-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Imaging plays a central role in the modern management of vestibular schwannomas (VS), from the initial diagnosis to treatment planning and subsequent monitoring of treatment response. It is of particular importance in NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2) and similar genetic tumor predisposition syndromes, where patients require serial monitoring for many years. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the technique of choice and can reliably detect very small tumors and incremental growth. Modern imaging methods are reviewed, with a focus on MRI. The authors examine the initial evaluation of VS, differential diagnosis, expected posttreatment appearances, imaging after implantation, surveillance imaging, and assessment of complications. They also discuss imaging considerations arising in the context of NF2.</p>","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"212 ","pages":"97-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical evaluation and investigation of patients with a sporadic vestibular schwannoma.","authors":"Wai Sum Cho, Richard Irving","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-824534-7.00003-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824534-7.00003-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of vestibular schwannoma (VS) is increasing and patients with VS often have few symptoms. The aim of this chapter is to provide a framework for assessment and investigation of patients with sporadic vestibular schwannoma. Typical presentations, such as asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and balance disturbance, will be discussed, as well as atypical symptoms, highlighting potential red flags that could be the patients' only presenting symptom. An evidence-based approach to investigating patients with VS is discussed. This chapter explores the potential benefit of performing vestibular assessments in patients who are about to undergo surgical treatment and examines how a comprehensive initial evaluation of patients influences patient recovery and outcomes following surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"212 ","pages":"83-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tinnitus and its management in patients with vestibular schwannoma.","authors":"Rachel Knappett, Marc Fagelson, Don J McFerran","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-824534-7.00041-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824534-7.00041-X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tinnitus is the second most common presenting symptom of vestibular schwannoma (VS) after hearing loss. There is conflicting evidence regarding the impact of tinnitus and its contribution to the overall quality of life in VS, and there are many theories regarding the pathogenesis of tinnitus in VS, including cochlear, neural, and central mechanisms. Assessment should include speech audiometry in addition to pure-tone audiometry, as VS patients often have worse speech discrimination than would be expected from their pure-tone thresholds. There is no objective measure of tinnitus. Questionnaires may be used to assess the impact of tinnitus and its common comorbidities. Management of VS-associated tinnitus starts with explanation and counseling. Addressing hearing loss is often helpful: if the affected ear still has useful hearing, conventional hearing aids may be used. If there is no useful hearing on the affected side, contralateral routing of signal (CROS) hearing aids, bone conduction hearing implants (BCHI), or cochlear implantation may be beneficial. For patients with bilateral profound hearing loss following VS surgery, auditory brainstem implantation may help. Psychologic therapies, including cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, are commonly recommended for use in general tinnitus clinics, although there is no evidence base supporting these modalities for VS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"212 ","pages":"417-431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexei Verkhratsky, Lot D de Witte, Eleonora Aronica, Elly M Hol
{"title":"Preface.","authors":"Alexei Verkhratsky, Lot D de Witte, Eleonora Aronica, Elly M Hol","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-443-19104-6.09998-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-19104-6.09998-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"209 ","pages":"xi-xii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preface.","authors":"Peter W Kaplan, Romergryko G Geocadin","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-443-13408-1.09997-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-13408-1.09997-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"207 ","pages":"xi"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neuroglia in stroke.","authors":"Alexei Verkhratsky, Michael V Sofroniew","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-443-19102-2.00009-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/B978-0-443-19102-2.00009-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke, ischemic or hemorrhagic, triggers a complex and coordinated glial response, which, to a large extent, defines the progression and outcome of this focal damage of the nervous tissue. Massive cell death in the infarction core results in a release of damage-associated molecular patterns, which, together with blood-borne factors entering the brain through either ruptured vessels or through compromised blood-brain barrier, trigger reactive gliosis. Microglia are the first to migrate toward the lesion, proliferate, and phagocytose cellular debris in and around the infarct core. Reactive astrogliosis occurs around the margins of the infarct core and is characterized by astrocytic proliferation, morphologic remodeling with loss of territorial domain segregation, and transcriptional reprogramming into wound repair astrocytes that form a periinfarct border that protects the healthy tissue and assists postlesional regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"210 ","pages":"101-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of light on biological functions and human sleep.","authors":"Christine Blume, Mirjam Münch","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-323-90918-1.00008-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/B978-0-323-90918-1.00008-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nonvisual effects of light in humans are mainly conveyed by a subset of retinal ganglion cells that contain the pigment melanopsin which renders them intrinsically photosensitive (= intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, ipRGCs). They have direct connections to the main circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus and modulate a variety of physiological processes, pineal melatonin secretion, autonomic functions, cognitive processes such as attention, and behavior, including sleep and wakefulness. This is because efferent projections from the SCN reach other hypothalamic nuclei, the pineal gland, thalamus, basal forebrain, and the brainstem. The ipRGCs also directly impact the prefrontal cortex and the perihabenular nucleus (mood). In particular, light suppresses the secretion of melatonin in a dose-dependent manner, mainly depending on irradiance and spectral composition of light. There is evidence that exposure to light-emitting devices from luminaires and screens before bedtime can impact on sleep onset latency, sleep duration, and sleep quality. Likewise, light exposure during daytime modulates sleep architecture, duration, and sleep quality during the subsequent night. Therefore, the integration of acute, circadian, and long-term effects of light together influence sleep-wake quality and behavior in healthy individuals, as well as in patients with psychiatric or medical disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"206 ","pages":"3-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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