{"title":"Comments on Manipulability Measure in Redundant Planar Manipulators","authors":"Ad.M. Martins, A.M. Dias, P. Alsina","doi":"10.1109/LARS.2006.334333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LARS.2006.334333","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we perform an analysis of the manipulability matrix of a manipulator in terms of its eigenvalues and eigenvectors (eigen-analysis), which defines the well know manipulability ellipsoid for planar manipulators. We show that the manipulability measure does not depend on the first joint angle, for redundant manipulators. The determinant of manipulability matrix doesn't change when the first angle varies. So, as we'll show, the product of the eigenvalues remains the same. The manipulability ellipsoid changes with the first joint angle, but keeps constant the manipulability measure (area of the ellipsoid). We claim that manipulability-control based algorithms must use the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of manipulability matrix independently, in order to be optimal. Some tests show the improvement of the control law when we use directly the eigenvectors as a local basis for the control. Furthermore we suggests that the control analysis should be done not only in the joint space, buy in the manifold spanned by the Manipulability matrix M, that should lead to naturally simple control laws that uses the optimal freedom in the joint space","PeriodicalId":129005,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE 3rd Latin American Robotics Symposium","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117127056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Accelerometers as Inertial Navigation System for Mobile Robots","authors":"G. A. Piedrahíta, D.M. Guayacundo","doi":"10.1109/LARS.2006.334323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LARS.2006.334323","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the tests and results of the evaluation of an inertial navigation system for a mobile robot, as a mechanism for supplying additional information to the self-localization process. The mobile robot under study has differential steering, a built-in odometric system based on optical encoders for each wheel, and an on-board processor that calculates the position relative to any start point. The inertial system consists of an X-Y dual axis accelerometer, to calculate the position through double integration. The errors of the models are examined and included into the sensors and mobile robot models to validate the estimated position. Many movement conditions like straight and circular paths, including collisions, are identified with both odometric and inertial systems to obtain a more accurate value of the relative position. Results are presented for these conditions, showing that information given by a low cost navigation system based on encoders and accelerometers, with the proper signal processing, can reduce long-term errors and drifts","PeriodicalId":129005,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE 3rd Latin American Robotics Symposium","volume":"123 3 Suppl 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131725461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control based on Takagi & Sugeno Model Design and its application to a Simulated Robot Hand","authors":"G. Chacon, J. Ruiz-del-Solar, D. Śaez","doi":"10.1109/LARS.2006.334324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LARS.2006.334324","url":null,"abstract":"Sliding mode control design with fuzzy parameter adaptation for a simulated robot hand is presented. The fuzzy adaptation uses the Takagi & Sugeno model in order to determinate the parameter values which assure system stability. Using this control strategy, the simulated robot hand will be moved without oscillations, in a similar way as human hand. The proposed control method is stable, good behavior to external disturbances, and does not request to know the system parameters (robot hand parameters) exactly. Also, the paper describes the dynamic of the realistic simulator of the simulated robot hand (5 fingers, 15 degrees of freedom)","PeriodicalId":129005,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE 3rd Latin American Robotics Symposium","volume":"08 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129336524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Mobile Robotics Course for Undergraduate Students in Computer Science","authors":"A. Soto, P. Espinace, R. Mitnik","doi":"10.1109/LARS.2006.334322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LARS.2006.334322","url":null,"abstract":"A first generation of mobile robots able to cope with the high uncertainty of natural environments is starting to emerge. As a consequence, there is an increasing need for theoretical and practical courses that can formally teach the state of the art of the technology. This paper describes our experience teaching a mobile robotics course as part of our computer science curriculum for undergraduate students. The course has a strong experimental part, where the goal is to provide the students with a set of hand-on experiences using real mobile robots. In particular, we show how using a simple differential drive mobile platform and a low cost visual sensor, it is possible to teach the topics that are currently most relevant to the area of mobile robot programming for autonomous navigation. The course starts by illustrating low level control routines, such as locomotion, and simple behaviors, such as obstacle avoidance and target tracking in non-structured environments. Then, as the course moves to higher level tasks such as localization and mapping, the real world becomes too complex and a more structured world is needed. A structured world, called MazeWorld is then presented where we are able to illustrate high level topics using limited perception capabilities. In addition to the main parts of the class, we also describe the perception algorithms that we developed to achieve autonomous navigation in non-structured environments and in MazeWorld. Our experience indicates that the course is highly motivating for the students. They are able to reinforce several topics from the computer science curriculum and they learn the basis for advanced coursework, research, and the development of applications in robotics and related fields, such as, artificial intelligence and computer perception","PeriodicalId":129005,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE 3rd Latin American Robotics Symposium","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124038848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D.C. Caro, G.P. Solorzano, M.F. Avellaneda, T. Bustos
{"title":"Didactic Material Development for Robotics in Non-Formal Technology Education","authors":"D.C. Caro, G.P. Solorzano, M.F. Avellaneda, T. Bustos","doi":"10.1109/LARS.2006.334314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LARS.2006.334314","url":null,"abstract":"This article details the experience of the engineering team and young technology club tutors developing didactic material for non-formal teaching of robotics in Maloka, an Interactive Science and Technology Center in Bogota, Colombia. It describes the processes of design, prototyping and evaluation of a phototropic robot, used as a motivational tool for children and youngsters. These audiences are interested on learning robotics and related topics such as mechanics, electronics and control. The process has three general stages, the first one is the definition of the pedagogic and technical guidelines that orientates the robot, followed by the formal design and the construction of prototypes, and finally, an evaluation process in non-formal education scenarios with different audiences. The document defines a set of components of evaluation that allow the analysis of the didactic material's motivational effectiveness: functionality, communication, interactivity and backgrounds recognition. The exercise results point out that a successful motivational experience depends on the technical reliability of the robot, the methodology used to explore and experiment, and the support material that guides the experience","PeriodicalId":129005,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE 3rd Latin American Robotics Symposium","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127079156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Ruiz-del-Solar, P. Guerrero, P. Vallejos, P. Loncomilla, R. Palma-Amestoy, P. Astudillo, R. Dodds, J. Testart, D. Monasterio, A. Marinkovic
{"title":"UChile1 Strikes Back, 2006 Team Description Paper","authors":"J. Ruiz-del-Solar, P. Guerrero, P. Vallejos, P. Loncomilla, R. Palma-Amestoy, P. Astudillo, R. Dodds, J. Testart, D. Monasterio, A. Marinkovic","doi":"10.1109/LARS.2006.334343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LARS.2006.334343","url":null,"abstract":"The UChile1 four-legged team is an effort of the Department of Electrical Engineering of the University of Chile in order to foster research in robotics at high level. This document describes the relevant aspects of the UChile1 software, which has been developed from scratch and is constantly being updated by our team. The system has shown to be a relatively successful approach; we had an acceptable participation in RoboCup 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006. This year we have improved several aspects of our UChile1 software (mainly localization, strategy and actuation). We have also proposed an automated refereeing and analysis tool of robot games. All these aspects are here reported","PeriodicalId":129005,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE 3rd Latin American Robotics Symposium","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133318598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Probabilistic kick selection in robot soccer","authors":"R. Dodds, P. Vallejos, J. Ruiz-del-Solar","doi":"10.1109/LARS.2006.334337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LARS.2006.334337","url":null,"abstract":"Kick selection is an important issue in robot soccer that has not been investigated deeply enough by the RoboCup research community. This paper proposes a probabilistic approach to kick selection, which includes kick objective selection based on priorities. The proposed selection methodology is based on the maximization of the probability of success of the kick (the ball reaches the objective position). Experimental results of the proposed methodology show a high kick success rate, and give evidence of achieving accurate objectives even when using a set of imprecise kicks","PeriodicalId":129005,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE 3rd Latin American Robotics Symposium","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132950063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Biologically-Inspired Wolf Pack Multiple Robot Hunting Model","authors":"A. Weitzenfeld, A. Vallesa, H. Flores","doi":"10.1109/LARS.2006.334327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LARS.2006.334327","url":null,"abstract":"A great amount of work has been made in biologically-inspired robotic systems on single and multiple animal behavior models. These studies have advanced the understandings of animal behavior and have provided at the same time inspiration in the design of single and multiple robotic architectures. Additionally, applications in the real word domain have benefited from such work, like exploration, surveillance, etc. In this work we present a multi-robot architecture based on wolf packs studies showing different formations during prey hunting and predator avoidance. The model has been developed and tested using the NSL/ASL, MIRO systems, and Sony AIBO robots. Results from real robot experimentation are discussed","PeriodicalId":129005,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE 3rd Latin American Robotics Symposium","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115582780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Weitzenfeld, A. Martinez, B. Mucino, G. Serrano, C. Ramos, C. Rivera
{"title":"Eagle Knights 2006: Four-Legged League","authors":"A. Weitzenfeld, A. Martinez, B. Mucino, G. Serrano, C. Ramos, C. Rivera","doi":"10.1109/LARS.2006.334346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LARS.2006.334346","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present the system architecture for our four legged RoboCup soccer team - Eagle Knights. We describe the system architecture: vision, localization, sensors, kinematics, wireless communication and behaviors, with special emphasis on our localization system","PeriodicalId":129005,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE 3rd Latin American Robotics Symposium","volume":"308 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132451711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Controller Fusion Based on the Velocity Vector for Redundant Manipulator","authors":"A.M. Dias, P. Alsina","doi":"10.1109/LARS.2006.334329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LARS.2006.334329","url":null,"abstract":"Redundant manipulator control involves the mapping of error measured in Cartesian space (where the task is defined) to joint space (where the actuators are controlled). In classical algorithms, the mapping is made through Jacobian pseudo-inverse matrix that has a high computational cost. This work proposes a new approach for control of redundant manipulators based on controller fusion techniques. In this approach the control task is divided in subtasks. For example, a subtask can be tool positioning in a single Cartesian dimension, or obstacle avoidance, or singularity avoidance. A controller is implemented for each subtask, and these simple controllers are called subtask controllers. The resultant signals are fused to generate the control signal to be applied to the robotic arm. The fusion system analyzes the resultant signals of the subtask controllers associating a weight to each one. These weights depend of the control task. When the control task is trajectory following, a measure based on the trajectory variation is necessary. In this paper, the measure is obtained from the velocity of the reference trajectory. Preliminary tests showing the viability of subtask controllers and simulation results of the fusion algorithms are presented","PeriodicalId":129005,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE 3rd Latin American Robotics Symposium","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123711846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}