High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention最新文献

{"title":"May Measure Month 2022 in Italy: A Focus on Fixed-dose Combination, Therapeutic Adherence, and Medical Inertia in a Nationwide Survey.","authors":"Rita Del Pinto, Claudia Agabiti Rosei, Claudio Borghi, Franco Cipollini, Santina Cottone, Giuseppe Antonio De Giorgi, Antonino Di Guardo, Maurizio Dugnani, Bruno Fabris, Cristina Giannattasio, Gilberta Giacchetti, Pietro Minuz, Giuseppe Mulè, Pietro Nazzaro, Gianfranco Parati, Marcello Rattazzi, Francesca Saladini, Massimo Salvetti, Riccardo Sarzani, Carmine Savoia, Giuliano Tocci, Franco Veglio, Massimo Volpe, Vito Vulpis, Gianluca Baldini, Claudio Ferri, Maria Lorenza Muiesan","doi":"10.1007/s40292-024-00642-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-024-00642-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hypertension is the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Notably, only about half of hypertensive patients manage to achieve the recommended blood pressure (BP) control. Main reasons for the persistence of uncontrolled BP during treatment are lack of compliance on the patients' side, and therapeutic inertia on physicians' side.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>During the global BP screening campaign \"May Measure Month\" (MMM) (May 1st to July 31st, 2022), a nationwide, cross-sectional, opportunistic study endorsed by the Italian Society of Hypertension was conducted on volunteer adults ≥ 18 years to raise awareness of the health issues surrounding high BP. A questionnaire on demographic/clinical features and questions on the use of fixed-dose single-pills for the treatment of hypertension was administered. BP was measured with standard procedures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1612 participants (mean age 60.0±15.41 years; 44.7% women) were enrolled. Their mean BP was 128.5±18.1/77.1±10.4 mmHg. About half of participants were sedentary, or overweight/obese, or hypertensive. 55.5% individuals with complete BP assessment had uncontrolled hypertension. Most were not on a fixed-dose combination of antihypertensive drugs and did not regularly measure BP at home. Self-reported adherence to BP medications was similar between individuals with controlled and uncontrolled BP (95% vs 95.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This survey identified a remarkable degree of therapeutic inertia and poor patients' involvement in the therapeutic process and its monitoring in the examined population, underlining the importance of prevention campaigns to identify areas of unsatisfactory management of hypertension, to increase risk factors' awareness in the population with the final purpose of reducing cardiovascular risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"309-320"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11161440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141199756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Risk Profile in Master Paralympic Athletes, a High-Risk Undertreated Population: A Cross-Sectional Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Giuseppe Di Gioia, Francesca Vespasiano, Federica Mango, Viviana Maestrini, Sara Monosilio, Maria Rosaria Squeo, Erika Lemme, Marco Bernardi, Antonio Pelliccia","doi":"10.1007/s40292-024-00648-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-024-00648-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recently, European Society of Cardiology (ESC) validated a prediction model to estimate 10-year fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease risk (CVDR) in individuals (aged 40-60 years) without previous cardiovascular disease or diabetes (ESC-SCORE2) and to provide indications for treatment. At present, data describing the CVDR in Paralympic athletes (PAs) are scarce and inconsistent. Therefore, we sought to assess the prevalence of risk factors in PAs to estimate their CVDR through SCORE2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 99 PAs aged ≥ 40 y.o., who participated at 2012-2022 Paralympic Games, competing in 22 different sport disciplines classified according to sport type (power, skills, endurance and mixed) and disabilities: spinal cord injuries (SCI) and non-SCI. CVDR factors, anthropometric measurements and blood samples were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 99 PAs (78% males, mean age 45.7 ± 4.7 y.o.), 52.5% had SCI; 54% were dyslipidemic and 23% were smokers. According to ESC-SCORE2, 29% had high and 1% very-high CVDR. Women (compared to men) and endurance (compared to other sport) exhibited better CV profile. SCI showed no differences when compared with non-SCI for CVDR, excepted for a lower HDL and lower exercise performance. None of the dyslipidemic athlete was on pharmacologically treatment, despite the altered lipid profile had already been detected at younger age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PAs are a selected population, presenting a high CV risk profile, with 30% showing either high or very-high CVDR according to ESC-SCORE2. Dyslipidemia was the most common risk factor, underestimated and undertreated, emphasizing the need for specific preventive strategies in this special setting of athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"279-288"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of Anti-Hypertensive Medications in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Mohammed Al-Sadawi, Michael Tao, Simrat Dhaliwal, Mark Goldschmit, Edlira Tam, Noel Mann","doi":"10.1007/s40292-024-00646-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-024-00646-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hypertension (HTN) is a co-morbidity that is commonly associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, it remains unclear whether treatment of hypertension in HFpEF patients is associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the association of anti-hypertensive medical therapy with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with HFpEF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a database search for studies reporting on the association of anti-hypertensive medications with cardiovascular outcomes and safety endpoints in patients with HFpEF. The databases searched include OVID Medline, Web of Science, and Embase. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Secondary endpoints include cardiovascular (CV) mortality, worsening heart failure (HF), CV hospitalization, composite major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), hyperkalemia, worsening renal function, and hypotension.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 12 studies with 14062 HFpEF participants (7010 treated with medical therapy versus 7052 treated with placebo) met inclusion criteria. Use of anti-hypertensive medications was not associated with lower all-cause mortality, CV mortality or CV hospitalization compared to treatment with placebo (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.77-1.35; p = 0.9, OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.73-1.06; p = 0.19, OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.87-1.12; p = 0.83, OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.79-1.03; p = 0.11). Anti-hypertensive medications were not associated with lower risk of subsequent acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.07-3.73; p = 0.5). Use of anti-hypertensive medications was associated with a statistically significant lower risk of MACE (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83-0.98; p = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While treatment with anti-hypertensive medications was not associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality, their use may be associated with reduce risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with HFpEF regardless of whether they have HTN. Additional high quality studies are required to clarify this association and determine the effect based on specific classes of medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"239-249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140916103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowledgement to Referees.","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s40292-024-00628-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-024-00628-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140021435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Using the Family-Centered Empowerment Model is Effective in Improving Long-term Mortality in Patients with Myocardial Infarction: A 10-year Follow-Up Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Amir Vahedian-Azimi, Mohammad Javad Sanjari, Farshid Rahimi-Bashar, Keivan Gohari-Mogadam, Ayoub Ouahrani, Emad Mraweh Mohammed Mustafa, Ali Ait Hssain, Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.1007/s40292-024-00636-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-024-00636-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) play a critical role in reducing the risk of future cardiovascular events and enhancing the quality of life for individuals who have survived a heart attack.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the mortality rates and stability of the effects in myocardial infarction (MI) survivors after implementing a Family-Centered Empowerment Model (FCEM)-focused hybrid cardiac rehabilitation program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial, conducted at Shariati Hospital, an academic teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran (2012-2023), involved 70 MI patients and their families. Participants were randomly assigned to an FCEM intervention group or standard CR control group. The intervention commenced after the MI patient's safe discharge from the CCU and continued for the entire 10-year follow-up period. Various questionnaires were utilized to collect data on mortality rates and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 10-year follow-up period revealed lower mortality rates in the intervention group (5.7%, 11.4%, and 17.1% at 5, 7, and 10 years, respectively) compared to the control group (20%, 37.1%, and 48.9%). After adjusting for age, gender, and BMI, the control group had a four times higher mortality risk (HR: 4.346, 95% CI 1.671-7.307, P = 0.003). The FCEM-focused program demonstrated a significant and sustained positive impact on participants' quality of life for 48 months, with greater improvement compared to the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the effectiveness of FCEM-based hybrid CR programs in enhancing long-term patient outcomes and reducing mortality rates among MI survivors. Further research is needed to explore the potential benefits in larger samples and diverse populations.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This study (Identifier: NCT02402582) was registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov on 03/30/2015.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"189-204"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140335373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Strategies in Diagnosing Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Comprehensive Literature Review.","authors":"Costantino Mancusi, Christian Basile, Carmen Spaccarotella, Giuseppe Gargiulo, Ilaria Fucile, Stefania Paolillo, Paola Gargiulo, Ciro Santoro, Lina Manzi, Federica Marzano, Pasquale Ambrosino, Nicola De Luca, Giovanni Esposito","doi":"10.1007/s40292-024-00629-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-024-00629-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a prevalent global condition affecting approximately 50% of the HF population. With the aging of the worldwide population, its incidence and prevalence are expected to rise even further. Unfortunately, until recently, no effective medications were available to reduce the high mortality and hospitalization rates associated with HFpEF, making it a significant unmet need in cardiovascular medicine. Although HFpEF is commonly defined as HF with normal ejection fraction and elevated left ventricular filling pressure, performing invasive hemodynamic assessments on every individual suspected of having HFpEF is neither feasible nor practical. Consequently, several clinical criteria and diagnostic tools have been proposed to aid in diagnosing HFpEF. Overall, these criteria and tools are designed to assist healthcare professionals in identifying and evaluating patients who may have HFpEF based on a combination of signs, symptoms, biomarkers, and non-invasive imaging findings. By employing these non-invasive diagnostic approaches, clinicians can make informed decisions regarding the best pharmacological and rehabilitation strategies for individuals with suspected HFpEF. This literature review aims to provide an overview of all currently available methods for diagnosing and monitoring this disabling condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"127-140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11043114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140136636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nursing Counseling in Patients Recently Admitted in Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit: A Pilot Study-Brief Letter for Publication.","authors":"Ilaria Fucile, Filomena Attanasio, Maurizio Conte, Maddalena Tesone, Fulvio Fiorillo, Francesco Rozza, Costantino Mancusi, Nicola De Luca","doi":"10.1007/s40292-024-00637-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-024-00637-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"221-223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140335374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Differences in Cardiac Organ Damage in Arterial Hypertension: Assessing the Role of Drug Nonadherence.","authors":"Arleen Aune, Annabel Ohldieck, Lene V Halvorsen, Karl Marius Brobak, Eirik Olsen, Stine Rognstad, Anne Cecilie K Larstorp, Camilla L Søraas, Anne B Rossebø, Assami Rösner, Marianne Aa Grytaas, Eva Gerdts","doi":"10.1007/s40292-024-00632-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-024-00632-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiac organ damage like left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and left atrial (LA) enlargement is more prevalent in women than men with hypertension, but the mechanisms underlying this gender difference remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We tested the association of drug nonadherence with the presence of LV hypertrophy and LA enlargement by echocardiography in 186 women and 337 men with uncontrolled hypertension defined as daytime systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 135mmHg despite the prescription of at least two antihypertensive drugs. Drug adherence was assessed by measurements of serum drug concentrations interpreted by an experienced pharmacologist. Aldosterone-renin-ratio (ARR) was measured on actual medication.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Women had a higher prevalence of LV hypertrophy (46% vs. 33%) and LA enlargement (79% vs 65%, both p < 0.05) than men, while drug nonadherence (8% vs. 9%, p > 0.514) did not differ. Women were older and had lower serum renin concentration and higher ARR than men, while 24-h systolic BP (141 ± 9 mmHg vs. 142 ± 9 mmHg), and the prevalences of obesity (43% vs. 50%) did not differ (all p > 0.10). In multivariable analyses, female gender was independently associated with a two-fold increased risk of LV hypertrophy (OR 2.01[95% CI 1.30-3.10], p = 0.002) and LA enlargement (OR 1.90 [95% CI 1.17-3.10], p = 0.010), while no association with drug nonadherence was found. Higher ARR was independently associated with LV hypertrophy in men only (OR 2.12 [95% CI 1.12-4.00] p = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among patients with uncontrolled hypertension, the higher prevalence of LV hypertrophy and LA enlargement in women was not explained by differences in drug nonadherence.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>URL:  https://www.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong>gov ; Unique identifier: NCT03209154.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"157-166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11043164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140293362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Elevated Body Mass Index and Cardiac Organ Damage in Children and Adolescents: Evidence and Mechanisms.","authors":"Alessandra Annaloro, Chiara Invernizzi, Francisco Aguilar, Julio Alvarez, Cesare Cuspidi, Guido Grassi, Empar Lurbe","doi":"10.1007/s40292-024-00633-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-024-00633-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although a number of pathophysiological aspects of childhood obesity have been reported, few information are available on obesity-related cardiac organ damage.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The present study was aimed at assessing the impact of anthropometric, blood pressure (BP) and metabolic variable on cardiac structure and function in youth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 78 subjects aged 5-16 years attending the outpatient clinic of cardiovascular risk (Valencia, Spain) anthropometric and metabolic variables, clinic and ambulatory BP and echocardiographic parameters were assessed. Subjects were also classified according to the presence of insulin resistance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Subjects mean age (± SD) amounted to 12.03 ± 2.4 years and males to 53.8%. Ten subjects were normoweight, 11 overweight, 39 obese, and 18 severely obese. No significant difference in office and ambulatory BP was detected among different bodyweight groups. A significant direct correlation was observed between left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and obesity markers [body mass index (BMI): r = 0.38, waist circumference (WC): r = 0.46, P < 0.04 for both]. Left ventricular hypertrophy, relative wall thickness and left atrial diameter were significantly related to BMI and WC. In contrast, office and ambulatory BP were unrelated to other variables, and differences in LVMI among different BP phenotypes were not significant. When partitioning the population by insulin resistance, LVMI, adjusted for confounders, was significantly greater in the insulin-resistant group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In children and adolescents characterized by different body weight patterns, weight factors \"per se\" and the related insulin resistance state appear to represent the main determinants of LVMI and left ventricular hypertrophy, independently on BP values and BP phenotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"167-175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11043137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140293361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Costs of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention for Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Administrative Claims Data.","authors":"Lauren E Passero, Megan C Roberts","doi":"10.1007/s40292-024-00624-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-024-00624-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Familial hypercholesterolemia is a common genetic condition that significantly increases an individual's risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attack, stroke, and cardiac death and is a candidate for population-wide screening programs. Economic analyses of strategies to identify and treat familial hypercholesterolemia are limited by a lack of real-world cost estimates for screening services and medications for reducing cardiovascular risk in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We estimated the cost of lipid panel testing in patients with hyperlipidemia and the cost of statins, ezetimibe, and PCKS9 inhibitors in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia from a commercial claims database and report costs and charges per panel and prescription by days' supply.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean cost for a 90-day supply for statins was $183.33, 2.3 times the mean cost for a 30-day supply at $79.35. PCSK9 inhibitors generated the highest mean costs among medications used by patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lipid testing and lipid-lowering medications for cardiovascular disease prevention generate substantial real-world costs which can be used to improve cost-effectiveness models of familial hypercholesterolemia screening and care management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"215-219"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139680945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}