High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Acute Effects of Coffee Consumption on Blood Pressure and Endothelial Function in Individuals with Hypertension on Antihypertensive Drug Treatment: A Randomized Crossover Trial.","authors":"Fernanda Barboza de Araujo Lima de Castro, Flávia Garcia Castro, Michelle Rabello da Cunha, Sidney Pacheco, Otniel Freitas-Silva, Mario Fritsch Neves, Marcia Regina Simas Torres Klein","doi":"10.1007/s40292-024-00622-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-024-00622-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Coffee is a complex brew that contains several bioactive compounds and some of them can influence blood pressure (BP) and endothelial function (EF), such as caffeine and chlorogenic acids (CGAs).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of coffee on BP and EF in individuals with hypertension on drug treatment who were habitual coffee consumers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized crossover trial assigned 16 adults with hypertension to receive three test beverages one week apart: caffeinated coffee (CC; 135 mg caffeine, 61 mg CGAs), decaffeinated coffee (DC; 5 mg caffeine, 68 mg CGAs), and water. BP was continuously evaluated from 15 min before to 90 min after test beverages by digital photoplethysmography. Reactive hyperemia index (RHI) assessed by peripheral arterial tonometry evaluated EF before and at 90 min after test beverages. At the same time points, microvascular reactivity was assessed by laser speckle contrast imaging. Repeated-measures-ANOVA evaluated the effect of time, the effect of beverage, and the interaction between time and beverage (treatment effect).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although the intake of CC produced a significant increase in BP and a significant decrease in RHI, these changes were also observed after the intake of DC and were not significantly different from the modifications observed after the consumption of DC and water. Microvascular reactivity did not present significant changes after the 3 beverages.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CC in comparison with DC and water neither promoted an acute increase in BP nor produced an improvement or deleterious effect on EF in individuals with hypertension on drug treatment who were coffee consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"65-76"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139680944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity and Overweight: The \"Elephant in the Room\" That We can No Longer Ignore: Time to SELECT Treatments.","authors":"Armando Ferrera, Giovanna Gallo, Massimo Volpe","doi":"10.1007/s40292-024-00626-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-024-00626-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"3-6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10925568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139680946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal Denervation in End-Stage Renal Disease: Current Evidence and Perspectives.","authors":"Filippo Scalise, Fosca Quarti-Trevano, Evelina Toscano, Antonio Sorropago, Jennifer Vanoli, Guido Grassi","doi":"10.1007/s40292-023-00621-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-023-00621-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing haemodialysis, hypertension is of common detection and frequently inadequately controlled. Multiple pathophysiological mechanisms are involved in the development and progression of the ESRD-related high blood pressure state, which has been implicated in the increased cardiovascular risk reported in this hypertensive clinical phenotype. Renal sympathetic efferent and afferent nerves play a relevant role in the development and progression of elevated blood pressure values in patients with ESRD, often leading to resistant hypertension. Catheter-based bilateral renal nerves ablation has been shown to exert blood pressure lowering effects in resistant hypertensive patients with normal kidney function. Promising data on the procedure in ESRD patients with resistant hypertension have been reported in small scale pilot studies. Denervation of the native non-functioning kidney's neural excitatory influences on central sympathetic drive could reduce the elevated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality seen in ESRD patients. The present review article will focus on the promising results obtained with renal denervation in patients with ESRD, its mechanisms of action and future perspectives in these high risk patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"7-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10925565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139546101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Efficacy of Allopurinol in Improving Endothelial Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Shurjeel Uddin Qazi, Usama Qamar, Muhammad Talha Maqsood, Rabbia Gul, Saad Ali Ansari, Zeeshan Imtiaz, Amatul Noor, Mahammed Zia Khan Suheb, Zaofashan Zaheer, Adeela Andleeb, Masooma Naseem, Muhammad Shariq Akram, Mubarak Ali, Alina Barmanwalla, Rutab Tareen, Irfa Zaheer","doi":"10.1007/s40292-023-00619-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-023-00619-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138829321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Mobile App-based Approach in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Prospective Randomized Study.","authors":"Allegra Battistoni, Giuliano Tocci, Giovanna Gallo, Giorgio Solfanelli, Massimo Volpe","doi":"10.1007/s40292-024-00625-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-024-00625-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular risk factors are prevalent in the Italian population, and cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of mortality in the Western world. As the incidence of risk factors and cardiovascular diseases increases with age, effective and early prevention and management strategies are crucial. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and potential benefits of using the Heartaway® mobile application as an additional intervention to standard clinical care for patients with hypertension. The study will explore improvements in blood pressure control, medication adherence, cardiovascular risk factors, lifestyle habits, and cardiovascular outcomes. The results of this study may contribute to a broader integration of telemedicine into cardiovascular disease prevention in the clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"93-96"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10925561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139982811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction in Obesity-Related Hypertension.","authors":"Aqsa Mujaddadi, Saima Zaki, Majumi M Noohu, Irshad Husain Naqvi, Zubia Veqar","doi":"10.1007/s40292-024-00623-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-024-00623-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction (CAD) is an overlooked cardiovascular risk factor in individuals with obesity-related hypertension. Despite its clinical significance, there is a notable lack of clarity regarding the pathophysiological correlates involved in its onset and progression.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The present study aimed to identify potential predictors of CAD in obesity-related hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 72 participants (34 men and 38 women) were enrolled. Comprehensive evaluations were conducted, including cardiac autonomic function assessments, body composition estimation and biochemical analysis. Participants were categorized as CAD-positive or CAD-negative based on Ewing's criteria for autonomic dysfunction. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify potential predictors for CAD. Multivariate logistic regression models were further constructed by adjusting clinically relevant covariates to identify independent predictors of CAD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that resting heart rate (HR_rest), (odds ratio, confidence interval: 0.85, 0.78-0.93; p = 0.001) and percentage body fat (BF%), (odds ratio, confidence interval: 0.78, 0.64-0.96; p = 0.018) were significant independent predictors of CAD. Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis depicted optimal cut-off values for HR_rest and BF% as > 74.1 bpm and > 33.6%, respectively. Multicolinearity analysis showed variance inflation factors (VIF) below the cautionary threshold of 3.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The HR_rest and BF% emerged as significant independent predictors of CAD in obesity-related hypertension. Therapeutic strategies should target HR_rest < 74.1 bpm and BF% < 33.6% to mitigate CAD risk in this population. Future trials are required to establish causal relationships and may consider additional confounding variables in obesity-related hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"77-91"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139722313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renin as a Biomarker to Guide Medical Treatment in Primary Aldosteronism Patients. Findings from the SPAIN-ALDO Registry.","authors":"Paola Parra Ramírez, Patricia Martín Rojas-Marcos, Miguel Paja Fano, Margarita González-Boillos, Eider Pascual-Corrales, Ana María García Cano, Jorge Gabriel Ruiz-Sanchez, Almudena Vicente Delgado, Emilia Gómez Hoyos, Rui Ferreira, Iñigo García Sanz, Mònica Recasens Sala, Rebeca Barahona San Millan, María José Picón César, Patricia Díaz Guardiola, Carolina M Perdomo, Laura Manjón-Miguélez, Ángel Rebollo Román, Cristina Robles Lázaro, Manuel Morales-Ruiz, María Calatayud, Simone Andree Furio Collao, Diego Meneses, Miguel Antonio Sampedro-Nuñez, Elena Mena Ribas, Alicia Sanmartín Sánchez, Cesar Gonzalvo Diaz, Cristina Lamas, Raquel Guerrero-Vázquez, María Del Castillo Tous, Joaquín Serrano Gotarredona, Theodora Michalopoulou Alevras, Susana Tenés Rodrigo, Ricardo Roa Chamorro, Fernando Jaen Aguila, Eva María Moya Mateo, Felicia A Hanzu, Marta Araujo-Castro","doi":"10.1007/s40292-023-00618-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-023-00618-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Primary aldosteronism (PA) is associated with several cardiometabolic comorbidities. Specific treatment by mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) or adrenalectomy has been reported to reduce the cardiometabolic risk. However, the cardiovascular benefit could depend on plasma renin levels in patients on MRA.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the development of cardiovascular, renal and metabolic complications between medically treated patients with PA and those who underwent adrenalectomy, taking the renin status during MRA treatment into account.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicenter retrospective study (SPAIN-ALDO Register) of patients with PA treated at 35 Spanish tertiary hospitals. Patients on MRA were divided into two groups based on renin suppression (n = 90) or non-suppression (n = 70). Both groups were also compared to unilateral PA patients (n = 275) who achieved biochemical cure with adrenalectomy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adrenalectomized patients were younger, had higher plasma aldosterone concentration, and lower potassium levels than MRA group. Patients on MRA had similar baseline characteristics when stratified into treatment groups with suppressed and unsuppressed renin. 97 (55.1%) of 176 patients without comorbidities at diagnosis, developed at least one comorbidity during follow-up (median 12 months vs. 12.5 months' follow-up after starting MRA and surgery, respectively). Surgery group had a lower risk of developing new cardiovascular events (HR 0.40 [95% CI 0.18-0.90]) than MRA group. Surgical treatment improved glycemic and blood pressure control, increased serum potassium levels, and required fewer antihypertensive drugs than medical treatment. However, there were no differences in the cardiometabolic profile or the incidence of new comorbidities between the groups with suppressed and unsuppressed renin levels (HR 0.95 [95% CI 0.52-1.73]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic events were comparable in MRA patients with unsuppressed and suppressed renin. Effective surgical treatment of PA was associated with a decreased incidence of new cardiovascular events when compared to MRA therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"43-53"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139472091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of vitamin K and non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants and the bleeding frequency in the emergency department.","authors":"Tomo Svaguša, Stjepan Šimić, Filip Grabant, Tatjana Kereš, Ognjen Čančarević, Frane Paić, Danijela Grizelj, Aleksandar Blivajs, Tomislav Bulum, Ingrid Prkačin","doi":"10.1007/s40292-023-00616-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-023-00616-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Safety studies of anticoagulant therapy have so far been conducted on many subjects in controlled conditions (i.e., clinically monitored) and demonstrated the noninferiority of new ones over old anticoagulant drugs. Data on the propositions for the presence of symptoms and signs of bleeding among various anticoagulants in the emergency department indicate that these data do not match the data published so far.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study was to investigate the differences in the frequency of bleeding and bleeding-related symptoms as a reason for emergency department attendance in patients on anticoagulant therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included patients from the emergency department of University Hospital for one year, who were on anticoagulant therapy and who met the inclusion criteria. Out of a total of 595 patients, 409 were on warfarin (68.74%), and the rest were taking direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC): dabigatran 71 (11.93%), rivaroxaban 66 (11.09%) and apixaban 49 (8.23%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 409 patients taking warfarin, 34.4% were adequately anticoagulated with the frequency of bleeding 13.7%, while in 57.2% of patients, PT INR was higher than the reference values with the frequency of bleeding 15.0%. A comparison between all DOAC groups and adequately anticoagulated warfarin patients in the frequency of bleeding and bleeding-related symptoms as a reason for emergency attendance yielded a difference that was marginally statistically significant (Pearson Chi-Square = 7.554, p = 0.052).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Monitoring the frequency of bleeding and bleeding-related symptoms in patients on oral anticoagulant therapy as a reason for emergency department attendance may be a new safety and efficacy factor in real-life patient scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"23-30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139377468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Lipids and Vascular Damage on Early Atherosclerosis in Adolescents with Parental Premature Coronary Artery Disease.","authors":"María Del Rocío Martínez-Alvarado, Margarita Torres-Tamayo, Juan Gabriel Juárez-Rojas, Aida X Medina-Urrutia, Guillermo C Cardoso-Saldaña, Ángel Rene López-Uribe, Juan Reyes-Barrera, Esteban Jorge-Galarza","doi":"10.1007/s40292-023-00617-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-023-00617-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the relationship of cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) with carotid intima media thickness (IMT) in adolescents with a parental history of premature coronary artery disease (PCAD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 50 healthy adolescents, aged 14-18 years, both sexes, with a parental history of PCAD, that were compared to 50 controls without this history. Questionnaires regarding information of CRFs were applied. Blood chemistry analyses, included lipid profile, lipoprotein (a), low density lipoprotein (LDL) susceptibility to oxidation, and inflammatory cytokine levels. The IMT was evaluated by ultrasound.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of all participants was 15.9 years. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and lipid profile were similar in both groups. However, the parental history of PCAD group exhibited lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, shorter LDL particle oxidation time, and higher lipoprotein (a) levels compared to the control group. IMT was significantly higher in adolescents with a parental history of PCAD compared to controls, (0.53 ± 0.04 mm vs 0.47 ± 0.02 mm, p = 0.001). Among adolescents with a parental history of PCAD, those with ≥ 3 CRFs had significantly higher IMT values (0.56 mm) than those with < 3 CRFs (0.52 mm) and controls (0.48 mm). Multivariable analyses identified that systolic blood pressure and parental history of PCAD explained 26.8% and 16.1% of the variation in IMT. Furthermore, body mass index, LDL-C, ApoB-100, triglycerides and lipoprotein (a) interact with blood pressure levels to explain the IMT values.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adolescents with a parental history of PCAD had higher IMT values than the control group, primary explained by systolic blood pressure and the parental inheritance. Adolescents with parental history of PCAD and ≥ 3 CRFs exhibited the highest IMT values. Notably, lipids and systolic blood pressure jointly contribute to explain IMT in these adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"31-41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139512099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child Marriage and Cardiovascular Risk: An Application of the Non-laboratory Framingham Risk Score.","authors":"Biplab Kumar Datta, Benjamin E Ansa, Ashley Saucier, Ajay Pandey, Mohammad Rifat Haider, Racquel Puranda, Malika Adams, Janis Coffin","doi":"10.1007/s40292-023-00620-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-023-00620-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Child marriage, defined as marriage before the age of 18 years, is a precocious transition from adolescence to adulthood, which may take a long-term toll on health.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to assess whether child marriage was associated with added risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in a nationally representative sample of Indian adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Applying the non-laboratory-based Framingham algorithm to data on 336,953 women aged 30-49 years and 49,617 men aged 30-54 years, we estimated individual's predicted heart age (PHA). Comparing the PHA with chronological age (CA), we categorized individuals in four groups: (i) low PHA: PHA < CA, (ii) equal PHA: PHA = CA (reference category), (iii) high PHA: PHA > CA by at most 4 years, and (iv) very high PHA: PHA > CA by 5 + years. We estimated multivariable multinomial logistic regressions to obtain relative risks of respective categories for the child marriage indicator.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that women who were married in childhood had 1.06 (95% CI 1.01-1.10) and 1.22 (95% CI 1.16-1.27) times higher adjusted risks of having high and very high PHA, respectively, compared to women who were married as adults. For men, no differential risks were found between those who were married as children and as adults. These results were generally robust across various socioeconomic sub-groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings add to the relatively new and evolving strand of literature that examines the role of child marriage on later life chronic health outcomes and provide important insights for public health policies aimed at improving women's health and wellbeing.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"55-63"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139569645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}