Ioannis Panagiotopoulos, Efstathios Papatheodorou, Aris Anastasakis, Eustathios Kastritis, Polyxeni Gourzi, Zoi Kontogeorgiou, Georgios Koutsis, Georgia Karadima, Maria Koutelou
{"title":"Transthyretin (Pro24Ser) variant amyloidosis: A case report of the first patient in Greece.","authors":"Ioannis Panagiotopoulos, Efstathios Papatheodorou, Aris Anastasakis, Eustathios Kastritis, Polyxeni Gourzi, Zoi Kontogeorgiou, Georgios Koutsis, Georgia Karadima, Maria Koutelou","doi":"10.1967/s002449912585","DOIUrl":"10.1967/s002449912585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) is a rare and potentially fatal disease caused by the accumulation of insoluble transthyretin (TTR) amyloid fibrils in the heart. The symptoms of ATTR-CA are often non-specific, often leading to underdiagnosis. Early diagnosis and treatment have a significant impact on disease progression and mortality.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>In this case we report a 73-year-old male presented with dyspnea on exertion. The patient had a medical history of peripheral neuropathy, bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, spinal fusion, and a family history of coronary artery disease. Upon his presentation at the Cardiology department, cardiac echo study revealed left and right ventricular hypertrophy with pulmonary hypertension, diastolic dysfunction and a restrictive pattern. Because of the high probability of amyloidosis, the patient underwent a technetium-99m-3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid (<sup>99m</sup>Tc-DPD) bone scintigraphic study, which confirmed the diagnosis of ATTR-CA. Transthyretin gene sequencing analysis revealed the rare p. Pro24Ser pathogenic variant. Final diagnosis was ATTR-CA associated with the proline replaced by serine at position 24 (Pro24Ser) TTR variant, which is rare and only a few cases have been reported worldwide. The patient was treated with tafamidis and inotersen and followed up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the importance of considering amyloidosis as a differential diagnosis for non-specific symptoms and the need for early diagnosis and management of ATTR-CA.</p>","PeriodicalId":12871,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic journal of nuclear medicine","volume":"26 2","pages":"145-149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10408333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"<sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT in monoclonal plasma cell disorders.","authors":"Anna Paschali","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plasma cell disorders are a heterogeneous group caused by the monoclonal proliferation of lymphoplasmacytic cells in the bone marrow. Multiple Myeloma (MM) is the most serious and prevalent plasma cell dyscrasia, with a median age of onset of 60 years.MM displays significant genetic, biological and clinical heterogeneity with subsequent imaging heterogeneity, evident in contemporary imaging modalities (PET/CT and MRI). Evidence suggests that MM is always preceded by precursor stages of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma.</p>","PeriodicalId":12871,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic journal of nuclear medicine","volume":"26 Suppl ","pages":"38-41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10135770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer.","authors":"Maria Boudina","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Differentiated thyroid cancer is composed of papillary (85%), follicular (13%) with their subtypes and anaplastic (<2%) thyroid cancer, derived from follicular dedifferentiation. In the majority of cases (85%), treatment is succeeded with thyroxine suppression and radioiodine ablation. However, there is a small percentage of patients presenting with local recurrence or metastases during follow up. In such cases, reoperation and radioiodine treatment are the treatments of choice. 10% of the aforementioned patients appear resistance to radioiodine treatment and they are considered refractory to iodide. As refractory to radioiodine is defined a patient who fulfills one of the following criteria: 1. Negative RAI Uptake 2. RAI uptake in some but not all metastases 3. Disease progression 6-12 months after Radioiodine ablation 4. Disease progression after radioiodine treatment more of than 600mCi.</p>","PeriodicalId":12871,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic journal of nuclear medicine","volume":"26 Suppl ","pages":"65-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10135772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultrasound investigation and management of the thyroid nodule.Tirads classification.Patient's follow-up after thyroidectomy.","authors":"Evangelos G Destanis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thyroid's ultrasound examination is the first and main imaging modality for the morphological investigation of the gland following clinical examination. It depicts both the number and texture of both palpable and non-palpable nodules.</p>","PeriodicalId":12871,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic journal of nuclear medicine","volume":"26 Suppl ","pages":"69-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10135774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current role of Nuclear Medicine in the diagnosis and therapy of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs).","authors":"Alexandros Georgakopoulos","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), are heterogenic neoplasms that arise from the disseminated endocrine cell system, primarily from gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) organs. Nuclear Medicine has a central role in both diagnosis and treatment of GEP-NETs. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) is still performed with SPECT/CT in case that PET/CT is not available but numerous studies have demonstrated the superior diagnostic accuracy of the latter for GEP-NETs. <sup>68</sup>Ga -Dota peptide PET/CT (SSA-PET/CT) has high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (86%-100%) and is recommended for the staging as also for the restaging of GEP-NETs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12871,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic journal of nuclear medicine","volume":"26 Suppl ","pages":"49-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10135775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent advances in breast cancer treatment.","authors":"Sophia Levva","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer treatment is determined by the molecular subtype both in the early stage and the advanced disease. While there is clear benefit from adjuvant systemic treatment for patients with early-stage triple negative and HER2 positive breast cancer, it was unclear in the past which patient with luminal breast cancer needs adjuvant chemotherapy. As a result, we used to overtreat or undertreat patients. In the era of personalized treatment, genomic panels have become as or more important than the anatomic extent of disease to define prognosis in luminal breast cancer. Several gene expression assays are available for consideration of adjuvant systemic therapy categorizing patients according to genomic risk for recurrence (e.g., Oncotype, Mammaprint, etc). Except for the high and low risk signature, more recently Mammaprint announced that patients with ultra-low risk signature have excellent prognosis, distinctive from low risk with 8-year BCSS above 99%, regardless of age, clinical risk or treatment received. Very few patients developed distant metastasis, allowing physicians to de-escalate treatment plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":12871,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic journal of nuclear medicine","volume":"26 Suppl ","pages":"83-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10137846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yixuan Ren, Guohao Jiang, Yang Meng, Jianglin Chen, Jiangyan Liu
{"title":"<sup>99m</sup>Tc-pertechnetate thyroid static scintigraphy unexpectedly revealed ectopic gastric mucosa of upper esophagus.","authors":"Yixuan Ren, Guohao Jiang, Yang Meng, Jianglin Chen, Jiangyan Liu","doi":"10.1967/s002449912580","DOIUrl":"10.1967/s002449912580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Technetium-99m (<sup>99m</sup>Tc)-pertechnetate can be taken up by both gastric mucosa and thyroid tissue. Ectopic gastric mucosa of upper esophagus found in thyroid scintigraphy is rare. We reported a 31-year-old woman who underwent <sup>99m</sup>Tc-pertechnetate thyroid static scintigraphy for abnormal ultrasound findings. A focal uptake lesion was found in her upper chest. Single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging showed increased uptake in multiple sites of the upper esophagus without significant thickening. Eventually, gastroscopic findings revealed multiple ectopic gastric mucosa of upper esophagus.</p>","PeriodicalId":12871,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic journal of nuclear medicine","volume":"26 2","pages":"157-159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10102511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Will artificial intelligence be, one day, powerful enough to obviate the need of randomized clinical trials?","authors":"Spyros Retsas","doi":"10.1967/s002449912581","DOIUrl":"10.1967/s002449912581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) currently occupies the headlines in the media as well as the medical press, with messages of its emerging unlimited potential, but also tales of doom and gloom predicting risks for the extinction of humanity! One such headline in the London TIMES of 6<sup>th</sup> June 2023 reads: - \"Two years to save the world, says AI adviser\". To the uninformed, AI is nothing more than the processing of a colossal amount of data with lightning speed, now achievable with the latest spectacular developments in computing. However, could such power be harnessed to accurately predict the therapeutic potential of a new treatment emerging from Phase I, or Phase II trials, without the need to proceed to Phase III randomised, at times placebo controlled, trials? The deontological and ethical concerns about randomised trials have frequently occupied the medical literature as several clinical researchers feel uncomfortable with this kind of clinical research, especially when a placebo is allocated to patients with cancer, enlisted in a Phase III trial. Others have argued that in contrast to the belief that randomised controlled trials are more reliable estimators of the efficacy of a treatment, investigators have found that, in some settings, observational studies did not overestimate the size of the treatment effect compared with their randomised counterparts. An accurate prediction of the true potential of a novel treatment with AI, thus obviating the need of a phase III, randomised trial, could save time, effort, and finances, as well as relieve the ethical burden of allocating treatment at random to patients with cancer and limited life expectancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12871,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic journal of nuclear medicine","volume":"26 2","pages":"160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10045775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spleen visualization in both TTR and AL amyloidosis during <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DPD scintigraphy. Do we have to deal with a different than the myocardial uptake mechanism?","authors":"Maria Koutelou, Georgios Tziomalos, Vasileios Chatzoglou, Nikitas Pappas, Emmanouil Papanastasiou, Vasiliki Chatzipavlidou, Argyrios Doumas","doi":"10.1967/s002449912577","DOIUrl":"10.1967/s002449912577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Technetium-99m- diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid (<sup>99m</sup>Tc-DPD) is currently used in Europe for the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis, being able to distinguish light chain (AL) from transthyretin (TTR) type. We are reporting obvious spleen visualization in two patients suffering the first from proven TTR and the second from AL type of cardiac amyloidosis, with myocardial uptake-as anticipated-only in the first one. We raise the hypothesis that a common uptake mechanism exists for the spleen amyloid regardless of the type of the disease (AL or TTR), and is possibly different than the cardiac uptake mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":12871,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic journal of nuclear medicine","volume":"26 2","pages":"140-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10047749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Carcinoid syndrome-Symptoms and therapeutic approaches.","authors":"Alexandra Chrisoulidou","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The carcinoid syndrome (CS) is a constellation of symptoms attributed to hypersecretion of amines, prostaglandins and polypeptides. The cardinal symptoms of CS are flushing, diarrhea and bronchospasm; however, CS may present with various symptoms and signs, as: Skin: cutaneous flushes, cyanosis, pellagra, Gastrointestinal: diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramps, vomiting, Heart: tricuspid and pulmonic valve thickening causing right heart failure, edema, Respiratory: wheezing, dyspnea.</p>","PeriodicalId":12871,"journal":{"name":"Hellenic journal of nuclear medicine","volume":"26 Suppl ","pages":"52-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10135767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}