Gut Pathogens最新文献

{"title":"Understanding the etiology of diarrheal illness in Cambodia in a case-control study from 2020 to 2023.","authors":"Paksathorn Kietsiri, Siriporn Sornsakrin, Samon Nou, Wilawan Oransathid, Dutsadee Peerapongpaisarn, Wirote Oransathid, Panida Nobthai, Patcharawalai Wassanarungroj, Siriphan Gonwong, Pimmada Sakpaisal, Nuanpan Khemnu, Somethy Sok, Sokh Vannara, Chiek Sivhour, Sidonn Krang, Ly Sovann, Em Sovannarith, Woradee Lurchachaiwong, Sidhartha Chaudhury, Nattaya Ruamsap, Paphavee Lertsethtakarn","doi":"10.1186/s13099-025-00709-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-025-00709-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diarrheal infection remains a major public health problem in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Prevention and control of diarrheal diseases are considered a global health priority. This case-control study aims to describe the prevalence of diarrhea etiologic agents and antimicrobial resistance in bacterial enteropathogens for acute diarrhea among children, adult civilians, and military personnel in Cambodia, detecting over 20 bacterial species, viruses, and parasites. A total of 918 subjects with acute diarrhea (cases), 791 aged-matched subjects without diarrhea (controls), and 675 follow-up cases were enrolled from five hospitals in Battambang and Oddor Meanchey provinces from 2020 to 2023. Pathogens were identified from collected stool samples via bacteriology, molecular techniques, immunoassays, and microscopy. Bacterial isolates were tested for antibiotic resistance patterns. From enrolled diarrhea cases, 533 stool samples (58%) were positive for enteric pathogens, compared to 389 samples (49%) in controls, underscoring the high carriage rate of enteric pathogens in this population as well as the difficulties in establishing the etiology of diarrhea cases. The most common enteric pathogens in cases were enteric bacteria with Aeromonas (15%), followed by Plesiomonas (12%), and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) (10%). Shigella (p < 0.05), enterotoxigenic E. coli with heat-stable toxins (ETEC-ST) (p < 0.01), and Plesiomonas (p < 0.01) had a statistically significant association with acute diarrhea cases. Rotavirus was the most common virus found (51% of cases with virus), followed by norovirus (19%), and sapovirus (16%). In terms of antimicrobial resistance, 84% of Shigella isolates were highly resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT), almost 80% of Campylobacter jejuni isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (82%) and nalidixic acid (85%). Over 50% of ETEC, Shigella, and EAEC isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and SXT, respectively. Overall, our study highlights the high endemicity of enteric bacterial pathogens and the significant carriage rates of these pathogens even in individuals without overt symptoms. Although the overall antimicrobial resistance was moderate, prevalent isolates harbor a significant resistance to the first-line of treatment. This highlights the importance of ongoing diarrhea etiology and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance efforts to guide the development and implementation of an effective AMR management program in diarrheal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12100842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 from patient fecal samples by whole genome sequencing.","authors":"Andreas Papoutsis, Thomas Borody, Siba Dolai, Jordan Daniels, Skylar Steinberg, Brad Barrows, Sabine Hazan","doi":"10.1186/s13099-025-00711-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-025-00711-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12100988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal carriage of multidrug-resistant organisms increases the risk of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: insights from gut microbiota and metabolite features.","authors":"Pei-Shan Wu, Pei-Chang Lee, Tien-En Chang, Yun-Cheng Hsieh, Chi-Wei Huang, Chao-Hsiung Lin, Yi-Long Huang, Yi-Tsung Lin, Teh-Ia Huo, Bernd Schnabl, Kuei-Chuan Lee, Ming-Chih Hou","doi":"10.1186/s13099-025-00706-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-025-00706-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The impact of the fecal multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) carriage on the gut microbiota, metabolite alterations, and cirrhosis-related complications remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-eight patients with cirrhosis and 22 healthy volunteers were analyzed for plasma metabolites, fecal MDROs, and microbiota composition. The fecal bacterial and fungal composition was assessed using 16S ribosomal RNA and internal transcribed spacer sequencing, whereas plasma metabolomic analysis was evaluated via untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Predictors of cirrhosis-related outcomes, risk factors for MDRO carriage, and microbiota-metabolite correlations were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fecal MDRO carriage was detected in 33% of patients with cirrhosis. MDRO carriers had a higher risk of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) compared to non-carriers (20.7% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.008). Patients carrying MDROs had higher plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, and both elevated LPS and MDRO carriage independently predicted HE occurrence within 1 year. Compared with non-carriers, MDRO carriers had higher fecal bacterial and fungal burdens and exhibited different gut microbiota compositions, characterized by increased Streptococcus salivarius and enrichment of Saccharomycetes and Candida albicans. Thirty-one metabolites differed significantly among healthy controls, and patients with cirrhosis, with and without MDRO carriage. Six metabolites were significantly correlated with specific microbial taxa in MDRO carriers. Isoaustin, a fungal-derived metabolite, was significantly elevated in MDRO carriers with HE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fecal MDRO carriage was associated with endotoxemia, altered gut microbiota, metabolic changes, and a higher risk of HE. It's worthy to monitor fecal MDRO colonization in cirrhosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation alleviates immunosuppressant-associated diarrhea and recurrent urinary tract infection in kidney transplant recipients: a retrospective analysis.","authors":"Jianmin Hu, Ding Liu, Guorong Liao, Ying Guo, Min Li, Jun Liao, Hua Chen, Song Zhou, Siqiang Yang, Shichao Li, Yongguang Liu, Ming Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s13099-025-00705-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-025-00705-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immunosuppressant administration subsequent to organ transplantation exerts a substantial influence on gut microbiota composition, thereby affecting patients' prognosis and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis involving 18 patients who experienced severe diarrhea or recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) due to prolonged immunosuppressant usage after kidney transplantation. Following episodes of severe diarrhea or rUTI, these individuals underwent fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), resulting in notable alleviation of clinical symptoms. No unexpected adverse or serious adverse events were reported. In comparison to the pre-FMT period, the α-diversity of the intestinal microbiota in patients did not exhibit a significant difference following FMT; however, there was a notable distinction in the β-diversity and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM). In addition, our findings indicated a significant decline in the relative abundance of the bacterial genera Veillonella, Enterococcus, and Oribacterium, whereas a marked elevation was observed in the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Sutterella, Parasutterella, and Ruminiclostridium 5 after FMT in patients. Furthermore, there was a notable alteration in the metabolic pathway of gut microbiota in patients following FMT, with a significant enrichment observed in pathways such as Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, Cytoskeleton proteins, Chromosome-related processes, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, and Antigen processing and presentation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FMT exhibited an effective approach for managing rUTI and diarrhea arising from postoperative immunosuppressant exposure in kidney transplant recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmission pathways of Campylobacter jejuni between humans and livestock in rural Ethiopia are highly complex and interdependent.","authors":"Nitya Singh, Cecilie A N Thystrup, Bahar Mummed Hassen, Menuka Bhandari, Gireesh Rajashekara, Tine M Hald, Mark J Manary, Sarah L McKune, Jemal Yusuf Hassen, Helen L Smith, Jonathan C Marshall, Nigel P French, Arie H Havelaar","doi":"10.1186/s13099-025-00691-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-025-00691-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli are the most common causes of bacterial enteritis worldwide whereas symptomatic and asymptomatic infections are associated with stunting in children in low- and middle-income countries. Little is known about their sources and transmission pathways in low- and middle-income countries, and particularly for infants and young children. We assessed the genomic diversity of C. jejuni in Eastern Ethiopia to determine the attribution of infections in infants under 1 year of age to livestock (chickens, cattle, goats and sheep) and other humans (siblings, mothers).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 287 C. jejuni isolates, 48 seven-gene sequence types (STs), including 11 previously unreported STs were identified. Within an ST, the core genome STs of multiple isolates differed in fewer than five alleles. Many of these isolates do not belong to the most common STs reported in high-resource settings, and of the six most common global STs, only ST50 was found in our study area. Isolates from the same infant sample were closely related, while those from consecutive infant samples often displayed different STs, suggesting rapid clearance and new infection. Four different attribution models using different genomic profiling methods, assumptions and estimation methods predicted that chickens are the primary reservoir for infant infections. Infections from chickens are transmitted with or without other humans (mothers, siblings) as intermediate sources. Model predictions differed in terms of the relative importance of cattle versus small ruminants as additional sources.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The transmission pathways of C. jejuni in our study area are highly complex and interdependent. While chickens are the most important reservoir of C. jejuni, ruminant reservoirs also contribute to the infections. The currently nonculturable species Candidatus C. infans is also highly prevalent in infants and is likely anthroponotic. Efforts to reduce the colonization of infants with Campylobacter and ultimately stunting in low-resource settings are best aimed at protecting proximate sources such as caretakers' hands, food and indoor soil through tight integration of the currently siloed domains of nutrition, food safety and water, sanitation and hygiene.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the utilisation of 1,2-propanediol and interactions with the cell envelope of Clostridium perfringens.","authors":"Lucía Huertas-Díaz, Louise Guldager Vestergaard, Angeliki Marietou, Marta Irla, Jürgen Behr, Mark M Somoza, Anders Feilberg, Clarissa Schwab","doi":"10.1186/s13099-025-00689-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-025-00689-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breastfeeding is a major determinant of gut microbiota composition and fermentation activity during the first months of life. Breastmilk delivers human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) as substrates for microbial intestinal fermentation. One of the main metabolites that accumulates in feces of breastfed infants is 1,2-propanediol (1,2PD) resulting from the metabolism of fucosylated HMO. 1,2PD is used in microbial cross-feeding to produce propionate, but 1,2PD is also an alcohol that can impact the state of the microbial cell envelope. To shed further light on an understudied compound in the infant gut, we investigated the genetic and metabolic potential of the early gut colonizer Clostridium perfringens to utilise 1,2PD, and the interactions of 1,2PD with the cell envelope.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on genome analysis, C. perfringens FMT 1006 isolated from infant feces possessed most genes of the pdu operon related to 1,2PD metabolism. C. perfringens consumed 1,2PD (78%) and produced 1-propanol as the main metabolite, while propionate was not detected. In agreement, genes responsible for 1,2PD utilisation and propanol formation (pduCDE, dhaT) were highly expressed. When cultivated in the presence of 1,2PD and glucose, a higher proportion of 1,2PD carbon (87%) was recovered as compared to incubation with only 1,2PD (34%). At the same time, lactate and acetate were formed in a ratio of 2.16:1.0 with 1,2PD and glucose compared to a ratio 9.0:1.0 during growth with only glucose possibly due to reallocation of the NAD⁺/NADH pool in favor of 1-propanol formation. The presence of 1,2PD slightly increased membrane fluidity and modified the composition of the membrane to a higher content of elongated glycerophosphoethanolamines.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We provide here new knowledge on the metabolism of 1,2PD by a microbial species that is present during breastfeeding and observed that C. perfringens metabolised 1,2PD mainly to propanol. The presence of 1,2PD had little impact on membrane fluidity and let to modifications of membrane lipid composition. Collectively, these findings advance our understanding of on intestinal metabolite-microbe interactions during breastfeeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11992839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling culturomics and metagenomics sequencing to characterize the gut microbiome of patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.","authors":"Khoudia Diop, Babacar Mbaye, Somayeh Nili, Alysé Filin, Myriam Benlaifaoui, Julie Malo, Anne Sophie Renaud, Wiam Belkaid, Sebastian Hunter, Meriem Messaoudene, Karla A Lee, Arielle Elkrief, Bertrand Routy","doi":"10.1186/s13099-025-00694-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-025-00694-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The gut microbiome represents a novel biomarker for melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Gut microbiome metagenomics profiling studies of patients treated with immunotherapy identified bacteria associated with ICI efficacy, while others have been linked to resistance. However, limitations of metagenomics sequencing, such as complex bioinformatic processing requirements, necessity of a threshold for positive detection, and the inability to detect live organisms, have hindered our ability to fully characterize the gut microbiome. Therefore, combining metagenomics with high-throughput culture-based techniques (culturomics) represents an ideal strategy to fully characterize microbiome composition to more robustly position the microbiome as a biomarker of response to ICI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed culturomics using fecal samples from 22 patients from two academic centres in Canada and the United Kingdom with NSCLC and cutaneous melanoma treated with ICI (cancer group), comparing their microbiome composition to that of 7 healthy volunteers (HV), along with matching shotgun metagenomics sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For culturomics results, 221 distinct species were isolated. Among these 221 distinct species, 182 were identified in the cancer group and 110 in the HV group. In the HV group, the mean species richness was higher compared to the cancer group (34 vs. 18, respectively, p = 0.002). Beta diversity revealed separate clusters between groups (p = 0.004). Bifidobacterium spp. and Bacteroides spp. were enriched in HV, while cancer patients showed an overrepresentation of Enterocloster species, as well as Veillonella parvula. Next, comparing cancer patients' clinical outcomes to ICI, we observed that among the 20 most abundant bacteria present in non-responder patients, 2 belonged to the genus Enterocloster, along with an enrichment of Hungatella hathewayi and Cutibacterium acnes. In contrast, responders to ICI exhibited a predominance of Bacteroides spp. In NSCLC patients, metagenomics analysis revealed that of the 154 bacteria species isolated through culturomics, 61/154 (39%) were also identified by metagenomics sequencing. Importantly, 94 individual species were uniquely detected by culturomics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight that culturomics and metagenomics can serve as complementary tools to characterize the microbiome in patients with cancer. This integrated approach uncovers specific microbiome signatures that differentiate HV from cancer patients, and identifies specific species associated with therapy response and resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11992761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sero-salivary detection of H. pylori immunoglobulins and parasitic infection among healthcare individuals suffering from gastrointestinal disorders with correlation to personal hygiene.","authors":"Faika Hassanein, Mohamed S Abdel-Latif, Amany I Shehata","doi":"10.1186/s13099-025-00688-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-025-00688-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastrointestinal microbial infections among healthcare individuals (HCIs) are common due to several risk factors, including poor personal hygiene and socio-economic lifestyle.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This is the first cross-sectional study that stratifies HCIs to correlate personal hygiene and socio-economic lifestyle with gastrointestinal microbial infections. Additionally, it compares serum and saliva levels of H. pylori-IgG and IgA to assess the potential of saliva as a non-invasive alternative to serum.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on Fisher's formula, 200 HCIs suffering from gastritis-including hospital workers, employees, nursing students, nurses, and doctors-were enrolled. Blood, saliva, and stool samples were collected for microbial infection investigations. Personal hygiene and socio-economic factors were scored based on WHO guidelines. Parasitic infections were identified microscopically, while H. pylori antigen and antibodies were detected via ELISA, with diagnostic significance determined by ROC curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A high prevalence of intestinal microbial infections was observed among HCIs. Blastocystis spp. was the most common pathogen (72%), followed by Cryptosporidium spp. (59.5%). Cases of single, double, and multiple infections were detected. H. pylori antigen was present in 36 (18%) cases, often as a co-infection with intestinal parasites. Infection rates were highest among workers and nurses (100%), followed by employees (97.4%) and nursing students (81.7%), with doctors having the lowest rate (50%). Poor personal hygiene and socio-economic lifestyle were directly linked to increased infection risk. Additionally, H. pylori-IgG was positive in 14 cases and negative in 186 cases, while H. pylori-IgA was positive in 2 cases and negative in 198 cases in both serum and saliva. These findings indicate consistency between serum and saliva levels of H. pylori immunoglobulins.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Poor personal hygiene and socio-economic lifestyle significantly increase the risk of gastrointestinal microbial infections among HCIs. Salivary immunoglobulins show consistency with serum levels, suggesting saliva as a viable non-invasive alternative for detecting H. pylori infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11983749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of probiotic treatment with Bifidobacterium breve, Bif195 for small intestinal Crohn's disease and the gut microbiome: results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Ida Marie Bruun Grønbæk, Sofie Ingdam Halkjær, Sarah Mollerup, Esben Holm Hansen, Sarah Juel Paulsen, Sara Engel, Klaus Theede, Rune Wilkens, Trine Boysen, Andreas Munk Petersen","doi":"10.1186/s13099-025-00692-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-025-00692-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aetiology of Crohn's disease, a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, is multifactorial and not completely understood. However, the association with gut dysbiosis is well-established, and manipulation of the gut microbiota has gained interest as a treatment strategy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium breve, Bif195™ (Bif195) on intestinal inflammation, symptoms, and the gut microbiome composition in patients with small intestinal Crohn's disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Thirty-three patients with small intestinal Crohn's disease were assigned to eight weeks of treatment with Bif195 or placebo (1:1). The primary outcome was changes in bowel wall thickness measured by intestinal ultrasonography. Other outcomes were changes in symptom severity, quality of life, faecal calprotectin, fatigue, and specific inflammatory parameters on ultrasonography. Changes in the microbiome composition were also examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bif195 did not affect the bowel wall thickness in the small intestine compared to placebo. Nor did we observe effects on secondary or clinical explorative outcomes. Analysis of the gut microbiome showed that the relative abundance of B. breve rose during the intervention in the Bif195 group, but the result was statistically non-significant. Surprisingly, we observed a clustering of baseline microbiome data into two groups that differed in several aspects including a statistically significant difference in the incidence of previous bowel resections among the participants. Furthermore, changes in symptom scores after eight weeks of intervention were significantly different across the two microbiome groups, with an interaction effect of p = 0.04.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Eight weeks of treatment with Bif195 did not affect clinical outcomes for Crohn's disease. However, variations in baseline microbiome data influenced the results. This underscores the importance of assessing baseline microbiome data in intervention studies in Crohn's disease.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong>gov NCT04842149.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11984114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic hepatitis B virus infection imbalances short-chain fatty acids and amino acids in the liver and gut via microbiota modulation.","authors":"Wendi Zhang, Yuwei Wu, Min Cheng, Haiming Wei, Rui Sun, Hui Peng, Zhigang Tian, Yongyan Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13099-025-00695-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-025-00695-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The commensal microbiota is closely related to HBV infection and HBV-related liver diseases; however, how HBV and viral components dynamically affect the targeted organ liver microbiota is not well-known. In this study, an HBV-carrier mouse model established by HBsAg⁺ hepatocyte replacement in Fah^-/- recipient mice, named HBs-HepR mice, was used to analyze the microbiota and metabolomics at the time of triggering the specific anti-HBV CD8⁺ T cell response in the liver. The composition and relative abundance of microbiota were both altered in the gut and liver of HBs-HepR mice. Particularly, increased Muribaculaceae and Alloprevotella, and decreased Lachnospiraceae-NK4A136 and Rikenella were observed in the gut; while increased Ralstonia and Geobacillus were observed in the liver of HBs-HepR mice. Furthermore, changes in microbial functions were revealed. There were no significant differences in the levels of SCFAs in fecal and serum; however, decreased propionic acid and acetic acid were detected in the livers of HBs-HepR mice, which was negatively related to the abundance of Geobacillus in the liver. Significantly decreased levels of 9 kinds of amino acids were detected in the feces of HBs-HepR mice, which was positively related to decreased Rikenella in the gut. A significant increase in L-glycine was observed in the liver and serum, positively related to the abundance of Geobaillus in the livers of HBs-HepR mice. In conclusion, chronic HBV infection imbalanced SCFA and amino acid metabolism by modulating microbiota in the liver, unlike in the gut, which was involved in the immune activation phase.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}