Gut Pathogens最新文献

{"title":"Intestinal microflora and metabolites affect the progression of acute pancreatitis (AP).","authors":"Zhenjiang Wang, Mingyi Guo, Sen Yang, Yuping Chen, Jianbin Cheng, Zaiwei Huang, Tongxu Wang, Xiaobei Luo, Xingxiang He, Dali Wang, Xiaohong Xu","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00652-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00652-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Specific intestinal metabolites are closely associated with the classification, severity, and necrosis of acute pancreatitis (AP) and provide novel insights for in-depth clinical investigations. In this study, the gut microbiota and metabolites of 49 AP patients at different treatment stages and severities were analysed via 16S rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics to investigate the trends in gut microbiota composition and metabolome profiles observed in patients with severe AP. These findings revealed an imbalance in intestinal flora homeostasis among AP patients characterized by a decrease in probiotics and an increase in opportunistic pathogens, which leads to damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier through reduced short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) secretion and disruption of the intestinal epithelium. This dysbiosis influences energy metabolism, anti-inflammatory responses, and immune regulation, and these results highlight significant differences in energy metabolism pathways. These findings suggest that the differential composition of intestinal flora, along with alterations in intestinal metabolites and metabolic pathways, contribute to the compromised integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier and disturbances in energy metabolism in patients with severe AP.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11526647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR-Cas system positively regulates virulence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.","authors":"Nandita Sharma, Ankita Das, Abhilash Vijay Nair, Palash Sethi, Vidya Devi Negi, Dipshikha Chakravortty, Sandhya Amol Marathe","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00653-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00653-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Salmonella, a foodborne pathogen, possesses a type I-E clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated (Cas) system. We investigated the system's role in regulating Salmonella virulence by deleting the CRISPR arrays and Cas operon.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study demonstrates invasion and proliferation defects of CRISPR-Cas knockout strains in intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages owing to the repression of invasion and virulence genes. However, proliferation defects were not observed in the Gp91^phox-/- macrophages, suggesting the system's role in the pathogens' antioxidant defense. We deduced that the CRISPR-Cas system positively regulates H₂O₂ importer (OmpW), catalase (katG), peroxidase (ahpC), and superoxide dismutase (soda and sodCI), thereby protecting the cells from oxidative radicals. The knockout strains were attenuated in in-vivo infection models (Caenorhabditis elegans and BALB/c mice) due to hypersensitivity against antimicrobial peptides, complement proteins, and oxidative stress. The attenuation in virulence was attributed to the suppression of LPS modifying (pmr) genes, antioxidant genes, master regulators, and effectors of the SPI-1 (invasion) and SPI-2 (proliferation) islands in knockout strains. The regulation could be attributed to the partial complementarity of the CRISPR spacers with these genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, our study extends our understanding of the role of the CRISPR-Cas system in Salmonella pathogenesis and its virulence determinants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-genome sequencing analyses and antibiotic resistance situation of 48 Helicobacter pylori strains isolated in Zhejiang, China.","authors":"Yunhui Fang, Shiman Jiang, Xinxin Zhou, Wangxiao Zhou, Xinrong Jiang, Lifeng Chen, Mengting Wang, Yunbo Chen, Lanjuan Li","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00656-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00656-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In the Zhejiang region, research on Helicobacter pylori is lacking. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent of antibiotic resistance in H. pylori in this region, explore alternative methods for predicting the resistance patterns of H. pylori, and investigate the colonization of native gastric mucosa by other clades of H. pylori in the structure population of this bacterium.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Strains were cultured under microaerobic conditions, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed via agar dilution. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed via next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Epidemiological data including data from this study and reported articles from Zhejiang, China, were included. Further analyses based on AST, WGS, and epidemiological date include virulence genes, antibiotic resistance-related mutations, and phylogenetic trees based on 7 housekeeping genes and core-genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The bacterial isolates in this study presented higher antibiotic resistance rates than previously reported, especially against levofloxacin and clarithromycin. The point mutation A2147G in 23 S rRNA is specific to clarithromycin resistance. Mutations at position/s 87 and/or 91 of the gyrA gene amino acid sequence are highly consistent with levofloxacin resistance highly. The point mutations C1707T in 23 S rRNA and E463K in the gyrB gene have not been previously documented in China. All the bacterial isolates belong to Asian branches in the structure population. The resistance rate to clarithromycin of isolates from hosts born after January 1, 1977 is statistically higher than that of hosts born before 1977.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Eradication therapy based on AST results is urgently needed in Zhejiang. The point mutation A2147G in 23 S rRNA and point mutations in the gyrA gene at amino acid/s 87 and/or 91 are sufficient for predicting resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin, respectively. The isolate with the mutation E463K in the gyrB gene represents a significant contribution to the field. Mutations in 23 S rRNA may offer valuable insights into the dynamics of H. pylori transmission among hosts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infectious etiology of intussusception in Indian children less than 2 years old: a matched case-control analysis.","authors":"Ira Praharaj, Samarasimha Nusi Reddy, Nayana Prabhakaran Nair, Jacqueline Elizabeth Tate, Sidhartha Giri, Varunkumar Thiyagarajan, Venkata Raghava Mohan, Rajendiran Revathi, Kalaivanan Maheshwari, Priya Hemavathy, Nirmal Kumar, Mohan Digambar Gupte, Rashmi Arora, Sowmiya Senthamizh, Suhasini Mekala, Krishna Babu Goru, Padmalatha Pamu, Manohar Badur, Subal Pradhan, Mrutunjay Dash, Nirmal Kumar Mohakud, Rajib Kumar Ray, Geetha Gathwala, Madhu Gupta, Ravi Kanojia, Rajkumar Gupta, Suresh Goyal, Pramod Sharma, Mannancheril Abraham Mathew, Tarun John Kochukaleekal Jacob, Balasubramanian Sundaram, Chethrapilly Purusothaman Girish Kumar, Priyadarshini Dorairaj, Ramasubramaniam Pitchumani, Raghul Maniam, Sambandan Kumaravel, Hemant Jain, Jayanta Kumar Goswami, Ashish Wakhlu, Vineeta Gupta, Jie Liu, Eric R Houpt, Umesh D Parashar, Gagandeep Kang","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00659-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00659-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enteric infections are hypothesized to be associated with intussusception in children. A small increase in intussusception following rotavirus vaccination has been seen in some settings. We conducted post-marketing surveillance for intussusception following rotavirus vaccine, Rotavac introduction in India and evaluated association of intussusception with enteric pathogens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a case-control study nested within a large sentinel hospital-based surveillance program in India, stool samples from 272 children aged less than 2 years admitted for intussusception and 272 age-, gender- and location-matched controls were evaluated with Taqman array card based molecular assays to detect enteric viruses, bacterial enteropathogens and parasites. Matched case-control analysis with conditional logistic regression evaluated association of enteropathogens with intussusception. Population attributable fractions (PAF) were calculated for enteropathogens significantly associated with intussusception.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most prevalent enteropathogens in cases and controls were enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, adenovirus 40/41, adenovirus C serotypes and enteroviruses. Children with intussusception were more likely to harbor adenovirus C serotypes (adjusted odds-ratio (aOR) = 1.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-2.87) and enteroviruses (aOR = 1.77; 95% CI 1.05-2.97) than controls. Rotavirus was not associated with increased intussusception risk. Adenovirus C (PAF = 16.9%; 95% CI 4.7% - 27.6%) and enteroviruses (PAF = 14.7%; 95% CI 4.2% - 24.1%) had the highest population attributable fraction for intussusception.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adenovirus C serotypes and enteroviruses were significantly associated with intussusception in Indian children. Rotavirus was not associated with risk of intussusception.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal glycoprotein 2 is a marker of gut microbiota dysbiosis and systemic inflammation.","authors":"Fabian Frost, Stefan Weiss, Johannes Hertel, Malte Rühlemann, Corinna Bang, Andre Franke, Matthias Nauck, Marcus Dörr, Henry Völzke, Dirk Roggenbuck, Peter Schierack, Uwe Völker, Georg Homuth, Ali A Aghdassi, Matthias Sendler, Markus M Lerch, Frank U Weiss","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00657-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00657-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial autoantigenic glycoprotein 2 (GP2) is an important component of the innate immune system which originates from the exocrine pancreas as well as from the small intestines. The relationship of GP2 with the intestinal microbiome as well as the systemic implications of increased fecal GP2 levels are, however, still unclear. Therefore, fecal samples from 2,812 individuals of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) were collected to determine GP2 levels (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and gut microbiota profiles (16 S rRNA gene sequencing). These data were correlated and associated with highly standardised and comprehensive phenotypic data of the study participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fecal GP2 levels were increased in individuals with higher body mass index and smokers, whereas lower levels were found in case of preserved exocrine pancreatic function, female sex or a healthier diet. Moreover, higher GP2 levels were associated with increased serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, loss of gut microbial diversity and an increase of potentially detrimental bacteria (Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Clostridium XIVa, or Collinsella). At the same time, predicted microbial pathways for the biosynthesis of beneficial short-chain fatty acids or lactic acid were depleted in individuals with high fecal GP2. Of note, GP2 exhibited a stronger association to overall microbiome variation than calprotectin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fecal GP2 is a biomarker of gut microbiota dysbiosis and associated with increased systemic inflammation. The intestines may be more important as origin for GP2 than pancreatic acinar cells. Future studies need to investigate the potential clinical value in disease specific patient cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11490104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the overlooked fungi: the vital of gut fungi in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.","authors":"Yilin Huang, Yang Wang, Xiaotian Huang, Xiaomin Yu","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00651-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-024-00651-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fungi of the human microbiota play important roles in the nutritional metabolism and immunological balance of the host. Recently, research has increasingly emphasised the role of fungi in modulating inflammation in intestinal diseases and maintaining health in this environment. It is therefore necessary to understand more clearly the interactions and mechanisms of the microbiota/pathogen/host relationship and the resulting inflammatory processes, as well as to offer new insights into the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal cancer (CRC) and other intestinal pathologies. In this review, we comprehensively elucidate the fungal-associated pathogenic mechanisms of intestinal inflammation in IBD and related CRC, with an emphasis on three main aspects: the direct effects of fungi and their metabolites on the host, the indirect effects mediated by interactions with other intestinal microorganisms and the immune regulation of the host. Understanding these mechanisms will enable the development of innovative approaches based on the use of fungi from the resident human microbiota such as dietary interventions, fungal probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of intestinal diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11481806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary patterns drive loss of fiber-foraging species in the celiac disease patients gut microbiota compared to first-degree relatives.","authors":"Ana Roque, Joyce Zanker, Sara Brígido, Maria Beatriz Tomaz, André Gonçalves, Sandra Barbeiro, Alfonso Benítez-Páez, Sónia Gonçalves Pereira","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00643-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-024-00643-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals that primarily affects the small intestine. Studies have reported differentially abundant bacterial taxa in the gut microbiota of celiac patients compared with non-celiac controls. However, findings across studies have inconsistencies and no microbial signature of celiac disease has been defined so far.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we showed, by comparing celiac patients with their non-celiac 1st-degree relatives, that bacterial communities of related individuals have similar species occurrence and abundance compared with non-relatives, regardless the disease status. We also found in celiac patients a loss of bacterial species associated with fiber degradation, and host metabolic and immune modulation, as ruminiclostridia, ruminococci, Prevotella, and Akkermansia muciniphila species. We demonstrated that the differential abundance of bacterial species correlates to different dietary patterns observed between the two groups. For instance, Ruminiclostridium siraeum, Ruminococcus bicirculans, and Bacteroides plebeious, recognized as fiber-degraders, appear more abundant in non-celiac 1st-degree relatives, which have a vegetable consumption pattern higher than celiac patients. Pattern of servings per day also suggests a possible link between these species' abundance and daily calorie intake.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, we evidenced that a kinship approach could be valuable in unveiling potential celiac disease microbial traits, as well as the significance of dietary factors in shaping microbial profiles and their influence on disease development and progression. Our results pave the way for designing and adopting novel dietary strategies based on gluten-free fiber-enriched ingredients to improve disease management and patients' quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of pathogenic Escherichia coli, with a focus on Shiga toxin-producing serotypes, global outbreaks (1982-2024) and food safety criteria.","authors":"Meshari Ahmed Alhadlaq, Othman I Aljurayyad, Ayidh Almansour, Saleh I Al-Akeel, Khaloud O Alzahrani, Shahad A Alsalman, Reham Yahya, Rashad R Al-Hindi, Mohammed Ageeli Hakami, Saleh D Alshahrani, Naif A Alhumeed, Abdulaziz M Al Moneea, Mazen S Al-Seghayer, Abdulmohsen L AlHarbi, Fahad M Al-Reshoodi, Suliman Alajel","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00641-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00641-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Classification of pathogenic E. coli has been focused either in mammalian host or infection site, which offers limited resolution. This review presents a comprehensive framework for classifying all E. coli branches within a single, unifying figure. This approach integrates established methods based on virulence factors, serotypes and clinical syndromes, offering a more nuanced and informative perspective on E. coli pathogenicity. The presence of the LEE island in pathogenic E. coli is a key genetic marker differentiating EHEC from STEC strains. The coexistence of stx and eae genes within the bacterial genome is a primary characteristic used to distinguish STEC from other pathogenic E. coli strains. The presence of the inv plasmid, Afa/Dr adhesins, CFA-CS-LT-ST and EAST1 are key distinguishing features for identifying pathogenic E. coli strains belonging to EIEC, DAEC, ETEC and EAEC pathotypes respectively. Food microbiological criteria differentiate pathogenic E. coli in food matrices. 'Zero-tolerance' applies to most ready-to-eat (RTE) foods due to high illness risk. Non-RTE foods' roles may allow limited E. coli presence, which expose consumers to potential risk; particularly from the concerning Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains, which can lead to life-threatening complications in humans, including haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and even death in susceptible individuals. These findings suggest that decision-makers should consider incorporating the separate detection of STEC serotypes into food microbiological criteria, in addition to existing enumeration methods. Contamination of STEC is mainly linked to food consumption, therefore, outbreaks of E. coli STEC has been reviewed here and showed a link also to water as a potential contamination route. Since their discovery in 1982, over 39,787 STEC cases associated with 1,343 outbreaks have been documented. The majority of these outbreaks occurred in the Americas, followed by Europe, Asia and Africa. The most common serotypes identified among the outbreaks were O157, the 'Big Six' (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145), and other serotypes such as O55, O80, O101, O104, O116, O165, O174 and O183. This review provides valuable insights into the most prevalent serotypes implicated in STEC outbreaks and identifies gaps in microbiological criteria, particularly for E. coli non-O157 and non-Big Six serotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11457481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of age-associated microbial changes via long-read 16S sequencing.","authors":"Kai Yee Toh, Tzi Shin Toh, Khi Pin Chua, Priscilla Rajakumar, Jonathan Wei Jie Lee, Chun Wie Chong","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00650-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00650-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Age-related gut microbial changes have been widely investigated over the past decade. Most of the previous age-related microbiome studies were conducted on the Western population, and the short-read sequencing (e.g., 16S V4 or V3-V4 region) was the most common microbiota profiling method. We evaluated the gut compositional differences using the long-read sequencing approach (i.e., PacBio sequencing targeting the full-length V1-V9 regions) to enable a deeper taxonomic resolution and better characterize the gut microbiome of Singaporeans from different age groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 83 research participants were included in this study. Although no significant differences were detected in alpha and beta diversity, our study demonstrated several bacterial taxa with abundances that were significantly different across age groups. With young individuals as the reference group, Eggerthella lenta and Bacteroides uniformis were found to be significantly altered in the middle-aged group, while Catenibacterium mitsuokai and Bacteroides plebeius were significantly altered in the elderly group. These age-related differences in the gut microbiome were associated with aberrations in several predicted functional pathways, including dysregulations of pathways related to lipopolysaccharide and tricarboxylic acid cycle in older adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The utilization of long-read sequencing facilitated the identification of species- and strain-level differences across age groups, which was challenging with the partial 16S rRNA sequencing approach. Nevertheless, replication studies are warranted to confirm our findings, and if confirmed, further in vitro and in vivo studies are crucial to better understand the impact of the altered levels of age-related bacterial taxa. Additionally, the modest performance of strain-level taxonomic classification using 16S-ITS-23S gene sequences, likely due to the limited depth of currently available alignment databases, highlights the need for optimization and refinement in curating these databases for the long-read sequencing approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11456230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of digestive physicochemical parameters of adults and infants on the pathophysiology of Cryptosporidium parvum using the dynamic TIM-1 gastrointestinal model.","authors":"Julie Tottey, Lucie Etienne-Mesmin, Sandrine Chalançon, Alix Sausset, Sylvain Denis, Carine Mazal, Christelle Blavignac, Guillaume Sallé, Fabrice Laurent, Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot, Sonia Lacroix-Lamandé","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00648-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00648-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human cryptosporidiosis is distributed worldwide, and it is recognised as a leading cause of acute diarrhoea and death in infants in low- and middle-income countries. Besides immune status, the higher incidence and severity of this gastrointestinal disease in young children could also be attributed to the digestive environment. For instance, human gastrointestinal physiology undergoes significant changes with age, however the role this variability plays in Cryptosporidium parvum pathogenesis is not known. In this study, we analysed for the first time the impact of digestive physicochemical parameters on C. parvum infection in a human and age-dependent context using a dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed that the parasite excystation, releasing sporozoites from oocysts, occurs in the duodenum compartment after one hour of digestion in both child (from 6 months to 2 years) and adult experimental conditions. In the child small intestine, slightly less sporozoites were released from excystation compared to adult, however they exhibited a higher luciferase activity, suggesting a better physiological state. Sporozoites collected from the child jejunum compartment also showed a higher ability to invade human intestinal epithelial cells compared to the adult condition. Global analysis of the parasite transcriptome through RNA-sequencing demonstrated a more pronounced modulation in ileal effluents compared to gastric ones, albeit showing less susceptibility to age-related digestive condition. Further analysis of gene expression and enriched pathways showed that oocysts are highly active in protein synthesis in the stomach compartment, whereas sporozoites released in the ileum showed downregulation of glycolysis as well as strong modulation of genes potentially related to gliding motility and secreted effectors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Digestion in a sophisticated in vitro gastrointestinal model revealed that invasive sporozoite stages are released in the small intestine, and are highly abundant and active in the ileum compartment, supporting reported C. parvum tissue tropism. Our comparative analysis suggests that physicochemical parameters encountered in the child digestive environment can influence the amount, physiological state and possibly invasiveness of sporozoites released in the small intestine, thus potentially contributing to the higher susceptibility of young individuals to cryptosporidiosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11443851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142361446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}