Gut Pathogens最新文献

{"title":"Molecular characterization and risk analysis of Giardia duodenalis assemblages in corticosteroid-treated and non-treated patients in Ismailia, Arab Republic of Egypt.","authors":"Shahira Abdelaziz Ali Ahmed, Amira Bakr Mokhtar, Samar Farag Mohamed, Marwa Ibrahim Saad El-Din, Catherine O'Dowd Phanis, Stefani Kazamia, Chad Schou, Paweł Gładysz, Anna Lass, Annalisa Quattrocchi, Panagiotis Karanis, Samer Eid Mohamed Gad","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00668-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00668-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Giardia duodenalis (G. duodenalis) is an intestinal protozoan parasite of human and animal hosts. The present study investigated and compared the assemblages of G. duodenalis-infected faecal samples in patients on corticosteroid therapy (POCT) and control patients-not on corticosteroid therapy (CONT) and differentiated its assemblages and/or sub-assemblages' relationship with associated risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) with three loci targeted-triosephosphate isomerase (tpi), ꞵ-giardin (bg), and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh)-G. duodenalis isolated from POCT and CONT were analyzed. Risk factors linked with Giardia infection and its assemblages were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 52 G. duodenalis-infected patients were enrolled: 21 POCT and 31 CONT. The mean age was 12.3 years, the majority were male (59.6%), and 73.1% lived in rural areas. The POCT group was 36 times more likely than the CONT group to have a concurrent parasitic infection. About 73% (38/52) of Giardia samples were genotyped and/or sub-genotyped in at least one of the three loci. MLST identified sixteen isolates (42.0%) as assemblage B, ten isolates (26.3%) as assemblage A, and twelve isolates (31.6%) as a mixed infection of A + B and B + E. Most individuals of the POCT group were infected with G. duodenalis assemblage A while most of the CONT group were infected with assemblage B. Sub-assemblage AII was identified by phylogenetic analysis in the isolates of both groups under investigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research advances giardiasis epidemiology in Arab Republic of Egypt (ARE) and reflects how corticosteroid-treated patients differ from those non-treated in Giardia assemblage pattern and their susceptibility to concomitant infection. Overall, Giardia assemblage patterns in this research populations reflect anthroponotic and zoonotic transmission, emphasizing the importance of public health policy and giardiasis prevention of illness transmission, particularly among those on corticosteroid therapy in ARE.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142821810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of colistin-based combinations against pandrug-resistant whole-genome-sequenced Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized patients in Egypt: an in vitro/vivo comparative study.","authors":"Eriny T Attalla, Amal M Khalil, Azza S Zakaria, Rhiannon Evans, Nesrin S Tolba, Nelly M Mohamed","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00667-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00667-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colistin resistance significantly constrains available treatment options and results in the emergence of pandrug-resistant (PDR) strains. Treating PDR infections is a major public health issue. A promising solution lies in using colistin-based combinations. Despite the availability of in vitro data evaluating these combinations, the in vivo studies remain limited.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (ColRKp) isolates were collected from hospitalized patients. Colistin resistance was detected using broth microdilution, and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the Kirby-Bauer method against 18 antibiotics. Extremely high resistance levels were detected, with 17% of the isolates being PDR. Virulence profiling, assessed using Anthony capsule staining, the string test, and the crystal violet assay, indicated the predominance of non-biofilm formers and non-hypermucoid strains. The isolates were screened for mcr genes using polymerase chain reaction. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatics analysis were performed to characterize the genomes of PDR isolates. No plasmid-borne mcr genes were detected, and WGS analysis revealed that PDR isolates belonged to the high-risk clones: ST14 (n = 1), ST147 (n = 2), and ST383 (n = 2). They carried genes encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases, bla_CTX-M-15 and bla_NDM-5, on conjugative IncHI1B/IncFIB plasmids, illustrating the convergence of virulence and resistance genes. The most common mechanism of colistin resistance involved alterations in mgrB. Furthermore, deleterious amino acid substitutions were also detected within PhoQ, PmrC, CrrB, ArnB, and ArnT. Seven colistin-containing combinations were compared using the checkerboard experiment. Synergy was observed when combining colistin with tigecycline, doxycycline, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, imipenem, or meropenem. The efficacy of colistin combined with either doxycycline or levofloxacin was assessed in vitro using a resistance modulation assay, and in vivo, using a murine infection model. In vitro, doxycycline and levofloxacin reversed colistin resistance in 80% and 73.3% of the population, respectively. In vivo, the colistin + doxycycline combination demonstrated superiority over colistin + levofloxacin, rescuing 80% of infected animals, and reducing bacterial bioburden in the liver and kidneys while preserving nearly intact lung histology.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study represents the first comparative in vitro and in vivo investigation of the efficacy of colistin + doxycycline and colistin + levofloxacin combinations in clinical PDR ColRKp isolates characterized at a genomic level.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of gut microbiota composition in humans carrying blastocystis subtypes 1 and 2 and Entamoeba hartmanni.","authors":"Lorenzo Antonetti, Federica Berrilli, Veronica Di Cristanziano, Fedja Farowski, Martin Daeumer, Kirsten Alexandra Eberhardt, Maristella Santoro, Massimo Federici, Rossella D'Alfonso","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00661-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00661-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The composition of human gut microbiota is dominated by bacteria which have been extensively studied. The role of intestinal eukaryote microorganisms like Blastocystis, however, remains under investigation. Moreover, the potential impact on gut health related to Blastocystis presence was primarily investigated in symptomatic individuals mainly from industrialized countries, and appears to be mostly beneficial to the host microbiota. Data from surveys conducted in underdeveloped countries with higher prevalence and from asymptomatic individuals could therefore be valuable. The aim of this preliminary study was to analyze the composition of the gut microbiota in relation to the protozoa Blastocystis ST1 and ST2 and Entamoeba hartmanni carriage in asymptomatic subjects living in a semi-urban area of Côte d'Ivoire to add data into the ongoing debate on the role of Blastocystis in host health. The amplification of the V3 and V4 regions of bacterial 16S rDNA genes was performed to obtain the gut microbiota composition, and differential analyses on alpha and beta diversity were performed from the phylum to genus taxonomic level. The analysis revealed that individuals positive for both protozoa exhibited higher alpha and beta diversity compared to those who tested negative. Additionally, their bacterial composition showed a reduction in Bacteroides and an increase in Prevotella 9. Relative abundances of some OTUs, particularly Faecalibacterium, observed in individuals who tested positive for protozoa, were correlated with a good state of health of the gut microbiota. Blastocystis ST1 and ST2 associated with E. hartmanni thus appeared to be related to a state of intestinal eubiosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11607961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for peptic ulcer bleeding one year after the initial episode.","authors":"Yu-Xuan Peng, Wen-Pei Chang","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00669-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00669-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peptic ulcers are a common gastrointestinal disease that could cause death when combined with bleeding. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB) recurrence after the initial episode.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed medical records of PUB patients who were admitted through the emergency department between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify independent risk factors predicting readmission due to recurrent PUB within one year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 775 PUB inpatient samples were collected, among which 172 and 603 were placed respectively in the readmission group and non-readmission group. Multivariate analysis indicated that PUB inpatients who were aged 70 or above (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.06-2.47), had more severe ulcers (Forrest 1a, 1b, 2a, or 2b) (OR = 2.41, 95% CI:1.57-3.71), had a CCI score of 3 or higher (OR = 2.25, 95% CI:1.45-3.50), had a medical history of peptic ulcers (OR = 3.87, 95% CI:2.56-5.85), had a medical history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (OR = 2.31, 95% CI:1.53-3.50), or had an international normalized ratio (INR) > 1.2 on admission (OR = 2.14, 95% CI:1.28-3.57) were respectively more likely to be readmitted within a year due to PUB than those who were under the age of 70, had less severe ulcers (Forrest 2c or 3), had a CCI score of less than 3, had no medical history of peptic ulcers, had no medical history of CVD, or had admission INR ≤ 1.2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study confirmed that age (≥70 years), Forest classification (Forrest 1a, 1b, 2a, or 2b), multiple comorbidities, a medical history of peptic ulcers, a medical history of CVD, and admission INR > 1.2 were independent risk factors for patient readmission within a year due to recurrent PUB.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clonal and horizontal transmission of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales strains and genes via flies.","authors":"Jialiang Xu, Jiaqi Liu, Jiayong Zhao, Tian Tian, Mengyu Wang, Gailing Yuan, Yao Peng, Yuan Zhang, Zhe Li, Biao Kan, Zhenpeng Li, Xin Lu","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00665-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00665-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most pressing global public health challenges; in particular, the rapid dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) is emerging as a significant concern worldwide. Flies, serving as carriers of pathogens, pose a potential threat in the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) between animals and humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate and reveal the potential risk of AMR spread by flies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 450 flies were collected from four farms, four rural areas, and four urban areas in Dengfeng, Henan, China. To select CRE strains on the surface of flies, three flies sampled from the same geographical location were arbitrarily selected and placed into one tube of brain heart infusion broth (BHI), and the supernatant was screened using CHROMagar™ mSuperCARBA culture medium. Different colors and shapes of colonies were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for CRE strains was performed using broth microdilution. All CRE strains were whole-genome sequenced. Short-read sequencing was performed using MGISEQ-2000 and long-read sequencing was conducted using GridION.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Totally, 150 BHI tubes were screened for CRE strains, and 33 strains were identified as CRE positive. In 24 mSuperCARBA plates, only one species of CRE strain was isolated from each plate. In three plates, two different species of CRE strains were identified in each plate. In one plate, three different species of CRE strains were simultaneously isolated. Carbapenem resistance genes were detected in 81.8% of CRE strains, and bla_NDM-1 was predominant (66.7%). No significant correlations between carbapenem-resistant phenotypes and carbapenem resistance genes were observed. The complete genomes of all 33 strains were obtained. Genome analysis revealed that clonal transmission events may have occurred among different farms and rural areas. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that bla_NDM-1 IncFII plasmids could break bacterial species barrier for cross-host transmission in diverse areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To understand and control the transmission of AMR from the perspective of One Health, it is imperative to enhance surveillance of ARB, antibiotic resistance genes, and antibiotic-resistant plasmids in flies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11569619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and assemblage distribution of Giardia Duodenalis in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients in southeastern Iran (2019-2022).","authors":"Kareem Hatam-Nahavandi, Ehsan Ahmadpour, Mostafa Rezaeian, Hanieh Mohammad Rahimi, Ahmadreza Meamar, Milad Badri, Aida Vafae Eslahi, Hossein-Ali Rahdar, Solmaz Sepahi, Hamed Mirjalali, David Carmena","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00666-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00666-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The ubiquitous protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis is a major contributor to the global burden of diarrhoea, particularly in young children living in poor-resource regions. Although rarely mortal, giardiasis is associated with growth retardation and cognitive impairment in early childhood. Here we investigate the epidemiology of human giardiasis in Iranshahr (south-eastern Iran), a region where this information was previously lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Stool samples were collected from 17,455 outpatients and inpatients attended at three major hospital settings during April 2020 and March 2022. Microscopy was used as a screening method for the presence of Giardia cysts, and the identification of G. duodenalis assemblages was carried out using PCR and Sanger sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of giardiasis was 1.87 (326/17,455; 95% CI: 1.7-2.1). Being female was positively associated with higher odds of giardiasis (p = 0.014). Individuals without diarrhoea were less likely to have giardiasis (p = 0.022). Individuals attending the Iran Hospital were more likely to harbour G. duodenalis infections compared to those attending at the Khatam Hospital and the Clinical Reference Laboratory (p = 0.001). Our sequence analyses revealed the presence of assemblages A (56.5%, 13/23), B (39.1%, 9/23), and A + B (4.4%, 1/23). No association was observed between the occurrence of a given assemblage and the occurrence of diarhroea.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Giardia infections were found at relatively low prevalence rates in both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals seeking medical attention. Being female, having diarrhoea, and being sampled during 2020-21 were predictors of giardiasis. Although limited, our molecular data indicate that some Giardia infections may be zoonotic in nature. These data should be corroborated and expanded in future epidemiological studies targeting simultaneously human, animal, and environmental (water) samples to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of giardiasis in Iran.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11566651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic characterisation of an extended-spectrum β-Lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate assigned to a novel sequence type (6914).","authors":"Muiz O Akinyemi, Oluwawapelumi A Oyedele, Mariska S Kleyn, Bukola A Onarinde, Rasheed A Adeleke, Chibundu N Ezekiel","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00662-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00662-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cow milk, which is sometimes consumed raw, hosts a plethora of microorganisms, some of which are beneficial, while others raise food safety concerns. In this study, the draft genome of an extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae strain Cow102, isolated from raw cow milk used to produce traditional foods in Nigeria, is reported.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The genome has a total length of 5,359,907 bp, with 70 contigs and a GC content of 57.35%. A total of 5,244 protein coding sequences were detected with 31% mapped to a subsystem, and genes coding for amino acids and derivatives being the most prevalent. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that the strain had new allelic profile assigned to the novel 6914 sequence type possessing capsular and lipopolysaccharide antigen K locus 122 with an unknown K type (KL122) and O locus O1/O2v2 with type O2afg, respectively. A total of 28 resistance-related genes, 98 virulence-related genes, two plasmids and five phages were identified in the genome. The resistance genes oqxA, oqxB and an IS3 belonging to cluster 204 were traced to bacteriophage Escher 500,465. Comparative analysis predicted one strain specific orthologous group comprising three genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This report of a novel sequence type (ST6914) in K. pneumoniae presents a new allelic profile, indicating ongoing evolution and diversification within the species. Its uniqueness suggests it may represent a locally evolved lineage, although further sampling would be necessary to confirm this hypothesis. The strain's multidrug resistance, virulence gene repertoire, and isolation from animal milk render it a potentially significant public health concern, underscoring the importance of genomic surveillance in non-clinical settings to detect emerging strains. Further research is required to fully characterise the capsular K type of ST6914.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11566244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A triad of gut dysbiosis, dysregulated immunity, and 'leaky' gut characterize HCMV associated neonatal cholestasis.","authors":"Kalyani Karandikar, Gauri Bhonde, Harsha Palav, Varsha Padwal, Shilpa Velhal, Jacintha Pereira, Himali Meshram, Akshat Goel, Ira Shah, Vainav Patel, Vikrant M Bhor","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00663-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00663-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gut microbiome dysbiosis and related immune dysfunction have been associated with the pathogenesis of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in infants with neonatal cholestasis (NC) as previously reported by us. However, the interaction of a perturbed microbiome, HCMV infection, and dysregulated immunity leading to exacerbation of disease severity has not been investigated so far. In this study, we examined the association of gut microbiome, host inflammatory and homeostatic markers that are likely to govern increased pathogenesis of NC in HCMV infected IgM positive infants (N = 15) compared to IgM negative (N = 15) individuals. Stool samples of HCMV infected infants and age-matched healthy controls (N = 10) were assessed for gut bacteria-derived metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), cytokines and markers of gut barrier integrity. Data were correlated with previously determined gut microbiome composition and frequency of immune cell subsets. Finally, validation of clinical potential was undertaken by principal component analysis (PCA) of integrated data to delineate the spectrum of clinical pathology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significantly lower levels of SCFAs and elevated fecal levels of soluble inflammatory mediators were observed in IgM positive HCMV infected infants. Further, increased plasma LPS levels and markers of gut permeability, suggestive of microbial translocation due to a 'leaky gut' were observed in HCMV infected IgM positive group. PCA of integrated data revealed clearly disparate profiles representative of IgM positive, IgM negative, and uninfected healthy states.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest the utility of an integrated approach involving dysregulated microbiome-immune axis for gaining a better understanding of pathogenesis associated with HCMV infection in NC.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11566295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142618718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Venous intestinal ischemia of fungal origin as a cause of intestinal obstruction in immunocompromised patients: case report and literature review.","authors":"Diana Marcela Grajales-Urrego, Fabián Mantilla-Sylvain, Mariam Carolina Rolon-Cadena, William Mauricio Basto-Borbón, Johanna Álvarez-Figueroa","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00658-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00658-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mucormycosis is a highly lethal opportunistic fungal disease caused by ubiquitous molds of the order Mucorales, with Rhizopus, Lichtheimia and Mucor being the most common genera. This rare disease primarily affects immunocompromised patients, with presentations ranging from rhino-orbito-cerebral infections to disseminated mucormycosis with angioinvasion, leading to thrombosis and tissue infarction. Gastrointestinal mucormycosis is the least common clinical presentation and is believed to be secondary to spore ingestion. It can involve multiple components of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the stomach, liver, ileum, and colon, with nonspecific manifestations, including pain, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distension. The initial clinical presentation may even manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding due to gastric ulceration or intestinal perforation.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Here we present the case of a 48-year-old male patient with a 9-year history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who was hospitalized in the context of febrile neutropenia and whose acute respiratory infection was documented; therefore, antibiotic treatment was initiated. However, due to persistent febrile peaks and peripheral blood showing documentation of multilineage cytopenias, a bone marrow biopsy was performed, compatible with presenting features of marrow myelodysplasia. During hospitalization, the patient presented left flank abdominal pain, and an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed signs of intussusception of a small bowel loop at the distal jejunum level, leading to intestinal obstruction with ischemic progression, requiring ileectomy (60 cm). Histopathological analysis of the resected intestine revealed severe transmural ischemic changes associated with venous thrombosis due to fungal structures, with histochemical studies demonstrating the presence of zygomycete (Mucor) fungal structures, leading to the initiation of treatment with amphotericin B. However, despite treatment, the patient experienced progressive clinical deterioration with persistent fever and ventilatory failure, with follow-up tests showing absolute neutropenia and blood cultures positive for yeast, leading to death 52 days after admission.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The diagnosis of intestinal mucormycosis may be delayed due to the lack of specificity of the signs and symptoms. Pathologists as well as histopathological studies are essential for timely treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11552342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142618733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depletion of core microbiome forms the shared background against diverging dysbiosis patterns in Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis: insights from an integrated multi-cohort analysis.","authors":"Aditya Bajaj, Manasvini Markandey, Amit Samal, Sourav Goswami, Sudheer K Vuyyuru, Srikant Mohta, Bhaskar Kante, Peeyush Kumar, Govind Makharia, Saurabh Kedia, Tarini Shankar Ghosh, Vineet Ahuja","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00654-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00654-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Crohn's disease (CD) and intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) are gastrointestinal (GI) inflammatory disorders with overlapping clinical presentations but diverging etiologies. The study aims to decipher CD and ITB-associated gut dysbiosis signatures and identify disease-associated co-occurring modules to evaluate whether this dysbiosis signature is a disease-specific trait or is a shared feature across diseases of diverging etiologies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Disease-associated gut microbial modules were identified using statistical machine learning and co-abundance network analysis in controls, CD and ITB patients recruited as part of this study. Module reproducibility was reinvestigated through meta-network analysis encompassing >5400 bacteriomes and ~900 mycobiomes. Subsequently, >1600 Indian gut microbiomes were analyzed to identify a central-core gut microbiome of 46 taxa, whose abundances aided in the formulation of an India-specific Core Gut Microbiome Score (CGMS) to measure the degree of core retention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both diseases witness similar patterns of alterations in [alpha]-diversity, characterized by a significant reduction in gut bacterial (i.e., bacterial/archaeal) diversity and a concomitant increase in the fungal [alpha]-diversity. Specific bacterial taxa, along with the diverging mycobiome enabled distinction between the diseases. Co-abundance network analysis of these taxa, validated by integrated meta-network analysis, revealed a 'disease-depleted' module, consistent across multiple cohorts, with >75% of this module constituting the central-core Indian gut microbiome. CGMS robustly assessed the core-microbiome loss across different stages of gut inflammatory disorders, in Indian and international cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While the disease-specific gain of detrimental bacteria forms an important component of gut dysbiosis, loss of the core microbiome is a shared phenomenon contributing to various GI disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11545864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}