Gut Pathogens最新文献

{"title":"Anti-urease therapy: a targeted approach to mitigating antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori while preserving the gut microflora.","authors":"Christina Almarmouri, Mohammed I El-Gamal, Mohamed Haider, Mohamad Hamad, Shamsul Qumar, Merylin Sebastian, Rose Ghemrawi, Jibran Sualeh Muhammad, Christophe Burucoa, Ghalia Khoder","doi":"10.1186/s13099-025-00708-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-025-00708-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global rise in antibiotic resistance has posed significant challenges to the effective management of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a gastric pathogen linked to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Conventional antibiotic therapies, while effective, face significant challenges, such as increasing antibiotic resistance, high recurrence rates, and adverse effects such as gut microflora dysbiosis. These limitations have driven the exploration of alternative antibiotic-free therapies, including the use of plant-based compounds, probiotics, nanoparticles, phage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, and H. pylori vaccines. Among these, urease-targeted therapy has shown particular promise. Urease enables the survival and colonization of H. pylori by neutralizing stomach acidity. Targeting this urease without disrupting beneficial gut microflora offers a selective mechanism to impair H. pylori, due to the absence of this enzyme in most of the human gut microbiome. In this review, we highlight advancements and limitations in the field of antibiotic-free therapies, with a particular focus on anti-urease strategies. We explore the structural and functional characteristics of urease, its role in H. pylori pathogenesis, and its potential as a therapeutic target. For the first time, we provide a comprehensive analysis of natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic anti-urease compounds, emphasizing their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety profiles. Advances in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies have identified several promising anti-urease compounds with high specificity and minimal toxicity. By focusing on urease inhibition as a targeted strategy, this review underscores its potential to overcome antibiotic resistance while minimizing gut dysbiosis and improving the outcomes of H. pylori infection treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12121022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of ESBL-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from paired children with and without diarrhea.","authors":"Yuan Zhang, Mengyu Wang, Zhenpeng Li, Yao Peng, Yuhan Yang, Xiao Liu, Zhe Li, Biao Kan, Mei Zeng, Xin Lu","doi":"10.1186/s13099-025-00700-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-025-00700-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) colonizing and transmitting in the intestine, especially in children, have significant public health implications. Investigating antibiotic resistance, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), virulence factor genes (VFGs), and genetic relationships may help us to explore the characteristics and differences of ESBL-positive K. pneumoniae in children with and without diarrhea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After selecting and pairing, 26 pairs of 52 ESBL-positive K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from 323 children with diarrhea and 393 children without diarrhea. Antimicrobial susceptibility test and whole genome sequencing were performed to explore antibiotic resistance, ARGs, and VFGs. The genetic relationship was explored by conducting a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree and investigating plasmid and sequence type (ST).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All strains showed resistance to cephalosporins, with ESBL-producing genes widely carried (98.1%). Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) were found in both groups. Hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKP) were isolated from children with diarrhea carrying iucA on plasmid. The emergence of ST5670 CRKP and ST2108 hvKP highlighted the necessity for close monitoring of community-acquired K. pneumoniae.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Severe drug resistance was found among ESBL-positive K. pneumoniae strains isolated from children with and without diarrhea. Attention must be paid to ESBL-positive K. pneumoniae colonized in the intestine of children, and pathogen and ARG monitoring in children should be strengthened, even in healthy people.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144158056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Fecal profiling reveals a common microbial signature for pancreatic cancer in Finnish and Iranian cohorts.","authors":"Heidelinde Sammallahti, Sama Rezasoltani, Satu Pekkala, Arto Kokkola, Hamid Asadzadeh Agdaei, Mehdi Azizmohammad Looha, Reza Ghanbari, Farhad Zamani, Amir Sadeghi, Virinder Kaur Sarhadi, Marja Tiirola, Pauli Puolakkainen, Sakari Knuutila","doi":"10.1186/s13099-025-00710-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-025-00710-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12102815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori: a genetic and physiological perspective.","authors":"Rania G Elbaiomy, Xiaoling Luo, Rong Guo, Shiyuan Deng, Meifang Du, Ahmed H El-Sappah, Mohammed Bakeer, Mahmoud M Azzam, Ahmed A Elolimy, Mahmoud Madkour, Zaixin Li, Zhi Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s13099-025-00704-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-025-00704-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The identification of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection as the primary etiology of gastroduodenal diseases represents a significant advancement in the field of gastroenterology. The management of these diseases has undergone a substantial transformation, and antibiotic treatment is now universally applicable. H. pylori has been the subject of numerous investigations to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance. However, many of these studies are limited, particularly regarding the number and representativeness of the strains assessed. Genetic and physiological modifications, such as gene mutations, efflux pump alterations, biofilm formation, and coccoid formation, contribute to the observed resistance. Our review focuses on the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, particularly emphasizing the various modifications of H. pylori that confer this resistance. In conclusion, we elucidate the challenges, potential solutions, and prospects in this field, providing researchers with the knowledge necessary to overcome the resistance exhibited by H. pylori.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12102891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the etiology of diarrheal illness in Cambodia in a case-control study from 2020 to 2023.","authors":"Paksathorn Kietsiri, Siriporn Sornsakrin, Samon Nou, Wilawan Oransathid, Dutsadee Peerapongpaisarn, Wirote Oransathid, Panida Nobthai, Patcharawalai Wassanarungroj, Siriphan Gonwong, Pimmada Sakpaisal, Nuanpan Khemnu, Somethy Sok, Sokh Vannara, Chiek Sivhour, Sidonn Krang, Ly Sovann, Em Sovannarith, Woradee Lurchachaiwong, Sidhartha Chaudhury, Nattaya Ruamsap, Paphavee Lertsethtakarn","doi":"10.1186/s13099-025-00709-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-025-00709-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diarrheal infection remains a major public health problem in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Prevention and control of diarrheal diseases are considered a global health priority. This case-control study aims to describe the prevalence of diarrhea etiologic agents and antimicrobial resistance in bacterial enteropathogens for acute diarrhea among children, adult civilians, and military personnel in Cambodia, detecting over 20 bacterial species, viruses, and parasites. A total of 918 subjects with acute diarrhea (cases), 791 aged-matched subjects without diarrhea (controls), and 675 follow-up cases were enrolled from five hospitals in Battambang and Oddor Meanchey provinces from 2020 to 2023. Pathogens were identified from collected stool samples via bacteriology, molecular techniques, immunoassays, and microscopy. Bacterial isolates were tested for antibiotic resistance patterns. From enrolled diarrhea cases, 533 stool samples (58%) were positive for enteric pathogens, compared to 389 samples (49%) in controls, underscoring the high carriage rate of enteric pathogens in this population as well as the difficulties in establishing the etiology of diarrhea cases. The most common enteric pathogens in cases were enteric bacteria with Aeromonas (15%), followed by Plesiomonas (12%), and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) (10%). Shigella (p < 0.05), enterotoxigenic E. coli with heat-stable toxins (ETEC-ST) (p < 0.01), and Plesiomonas (p < 0.01) had a statistically significant association with acute diarrhea cases. Rotavirus was the most common virus found (51% of cases with virus), followed by norovirus (19%), and sapovirus (16%). In terms of antimicrobial resistance, 84% of Shigella isolates were highly resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT), almost 80% of Campylobacter jejuni isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (82%) and nalidixic acid (85%). Over 50% of ETEC, Shigella, and EAEC isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and SXT, respectively. Overall, our study highlights the high endemicity of enteric bacterial pathogens and the significant carriage rates of these pathogens even in individuals without overt symptoms. Although the overall antimicrobial resistance was moderate, prevalent isolates harbor a significant resistance to the first-line of treatment. This highlights the importance of ongoing diarrhea etiology and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance efforts to guide the development and implementation of an effective AMR management program in diarrheal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12100842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 from patient fecal samples by whole genome sequencing.","authors":"Andreas Papoutsis, Thomas Borody, Siba Dolai, Jordan Daniels, Skylar Steinberg, Brad Barrows, Sabine Hazan","doi":"10.1186/s13099-025-00711-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-025-00711-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12100988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chicken as a carrier of emerging virulent Helicobacter species: a potential zoonotic risk.","authors":"Ahmed Samir, Hala M Zaher","doi":"10.1186/s13099-025-00707-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-025-00707-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The research scope regarding Helicobacter species in chickens, other than H. pullorum, is largely overlooked. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of emerging Helicobacter species in chickens and the occurrence of the virulence gene cytolethal distending toxin B (cdtB) among the identified Helicobacter species, referring to their public health significance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 390 cloacal swabs were collected from 205 broilers and 185 layers. The swabs were pooled into 78 pools. DNA was extracted from these pools, followed by Helicobacter 16S rRNA gene PCR. Twenty pools positive for Helicobacter 16S rRNA were analyzed for H. pylori and H. pullorum, then Helicobacter 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on ten negative pools for H. pullorum and H. pylori to identify Helicobacter species. Subsequently, cdtB was investigated in the 20 pools positive for Helicobacter. Following that, partial DNA sequencing of one H. pullorum and one H. brantae cdtB gene from broiler and layer chickens, respectively, was carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 25.6% of the examined pools were positive for Helicobacter spp., with 3 (7.3%) and 17 (45.9%) broiler and layer pools being positive, respectively. All three broiler pools were identified as H. pullorum; seven-layer pools were positive for H. pullorum, while H. pylori could not be detected. Helicobacter 16S rRNA sequencing of ten negative layer pools for H. pullorum and H. pylori revealed 6 H. brantae, 2 H. kayseriensis, 1 H. winghamensis, and 1 Helicobacter sp. Tul. The cdtB gene was found in 10 H. pullorum, 5 H. brantae, 1 H. winghamensis, and 1 Helicobacter sp. Tul. Phylogenetic analysis of Helicobacter 16S rRNA sequences and BLAST analysis of H. pullorum and H. brantae cdtB partial sequences underscore the public health importance of the obtained sequences.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights that the occurrence of emerging virulent Helicobacter species in chicken feces poses a potential zoonotic relevance and public health risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal carriage of multidrug-resistant organisms increases the risk of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: insights from gut microbiota and metabolite features.","authors":"Pei-Shan Wu, Pei-Chang Lee, Tien-En Chang, Yun-Cheng Hsieh, Chi-Wei Huang, Chao-Hsiung Lin, Yi-Long Huang, Yi-Tsung Lin, Teh-Ia Huo, Bernd Schnabl, Kuei-Chuan Lee, Ming-Chih Hou","doi":"10.1186/s13099-025-00706-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-025-00706-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The impact of the fecal multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) carriage on the gut microbiota, metabolite alterations, and cirrhosis-related complications remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-eight patients with cirrhosis and 22 healthy volunteers were analyzed for plasma metabolites, fecal MDROs, and microbiota composition. The fecal bacterial and fungal composition was assessed using 16S ribosomal RNA and internal transcribed spacer sequencing, whereas plasma metabolomic analysis was evaluated via untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Predictors of cirrhosis-related outcomes, risk factors for MDRO carriage, and microbiota-metabolite correlations were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fecal MDRO carriage was detected in 33% of patients with cirrhosis. MDRO carriers had a higher risk of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) compared to non-carriers (20.7% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.008). Patients carrying MDROs had higher plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, and both elevated LPS and MDRO carriage independently predicted HE occurrence within 1 year. Compared with non-carriers, MDRO carriers had higher fecal bacterial and fungal burdens and exhibited different gut microbiota compositions, characterized by increased Streptococcus salivarius and enrichment of Saccharomycetes and Candida albicans. Thirty-one metabolites differed significantly among healthy controls, and patients with cirrhosis, with and without MDRO carriage. Six metabolites were significantly correlated with specific microbial taxa in MDRO carriers. Isoaustin, a fungal-derived metabolite, was significantly elevated in MDRO carriers with HE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fecal MDRO carriage was associated with endotoxemia, altered gut microbiota, metabolic changes, and a higher risk of HE. It's worthy to monitor fecal MDRO colonization in cirrhosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-based analyses from four clinically-isolated strains refined the taxonomy of Proteus genomosp. 6 and revealed their underestimated role in gastrointestinal diseases.","authors":"Zhiyun Zhang, Jing He, Xueqing Liu, Linqian Huang, Zhou Zeng, Yao Peng, Xunchao Cai","doi":"10.1186/s13099-025-00701-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-025-00701-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Proteus spp. have long been recognized for their role in urinary tract infections, while recent evidence disclosed their implications in gastrointestinal diseases. Despite this, the taxonomy of clinically-derived Proteus spp., particularly those from gastrointestinal samples, remains understudied and is frequently mis-assigned, which limits our understanding of infections caused by these species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four Proteus strains (i.e., DFP240708, LHD240705, TSJ240517 and WDL240414) were isolated from the appendiceal pus of patients with acute appendicitis, whole-genome average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis identified all of them as Proteus genomosp. 6, different from that identified using the automated bacterial identification instrument (VITEK^®-32). Based on ANI and the core-genomic phylogenetic tree, we found that 87.5% of clinically-related strains previously identified as P. columbae should be re-classified as Proteus genomosp. 6. Additionally, the Proteus genomosp. 6 genomes all carry one or more beta-lactam resistance genes, but none carry aminoglycoside resistance genes, and antibiotic susceptibility testing conducted on the four strains isolated in this study confirmed these findings. Among the genomes analyzed, only four (two from this study (TSJ240517 and WDL240414)) carried virulence genes, specifically the hlyA, hlyB, and hlyD genes encoding hemolysin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study highlights inaccuracies in the taxa classification of Proteus species under clinical settings, underscoring the necessity of using genomic-based taxonomic assignment methods. We revealed that the prevalence of Proteus genomosp. 6 in clinical infections has likely been underestimated. Furthermore, given the resistance-gene absence and their sensitivity to aminoglycosides, aminoglycosides may serve as a promising first-line treatment option for infections caused by this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation alleviates immunosuppressant-associated diarrhea and recurrent urinary tract infection in kidney transplant recipients: a retrospective analysis.","authors":"Jianmin Hu, Ding Liu, Guorong Liao, Ying Guo, Min Li, Jun Liao, Hua Chen, Song Zhou, Siqiang Yang, Shichao Li, Yongguang Liu, Ming Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s13099-025-00705-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-025-00705-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immunosuppressant administration subsequent to organ transplantation exerts a substantial influence on gut microbiota composition, thereby affecting patients' prognosis and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis involving 18 patients who experienced severe diarrhea or recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) due to prolonged immunosuppressant usage after kidney transplantation. Following episodes of severe diarrhea or rUTI, these individuals underwent fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), resulting in notable alleviation of clinical symptoms. No unexpected adverse or serious adverse events were reported. In comparison to the pre-FMT period, the α-diversity of the intestinal microbiota in patients did not exhibit a significant difference following FMT; however, there was a notable distinction in the β-diversity and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM). In addition, our findings indicated a significant decline in the relative abundance of the bacterial genera Veillonella, Enterococcus, and Oribacterium, whereas a marked elevation was observed in the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Sutterella, Parasutterella, and Ruminiclostridium 5 after FMT in patients. Furthermore, there was a notable alteration in the metabolic pathway of gut microbiota in patients following FMT, with a significant enrichment observed in pathways such as Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, Cytoskeleton proteins, Chromosome-related processes, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, and Antigen processing and presentation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FMT exhibited an effective approach for managing rUTI and diarrhea arising from postoperative immunosuppressant exposure in kidney transplant recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}