Gut Pathogens最新文献

{"title":"Dysbiosis of gut microbiota during fecal stream diversion in patients with colorectal cancer.","authors":"Soo Young Lee, Hyeung-Min Park, Chang Hyun Kim, Hyeong Rok Kim","doi":"10.1186/s13099-023-00566-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-023-00566-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effect of fecal stream diversion on the gut microbiota is still uncertain. The present study was designed to assess the effect of fecal stream diversion on the composition of the gut microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer. We included patients undergoing left-sided colorectal cancer surgery with (ileostomy group) or without (control group) diverting ileostomy. Fecal samples were collected from 10 patients in each group before surgery (t₁) and after ileostomy repair in the ileostomy group and 6-12 months after the initial surgery in the control group (t₂). The fecal microbiota was assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing, and changes in the composition of the fecal microbiota were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Alpha diversity analysis revealed that the complexity of fecal microbiota decreased between t₁ and t₂ only in the ileostomy group. Beta diversity analysis also showed dissimilarity between t₁ and t₂ only in the ileostomy group. The composition of the microbiota was similar between the two groups at t₁. However, at t₂, the ileostomy group had lower proportion of beneficial bacteria (Lachnospiraceae, 3.8% vs. 29.9%, p < 0.001; Ruminococcaceae, 0.6% vs. 18.4%, p < 0.001; Blautia, 0.1% vs. 9.1%, p < 0.001; Faecalibacterium, 0.2% vs. 7.5%, p < 0.001) and a higher proportion of harmful bacteria (Proteobacteria, 17.9% vs. 5.1%, p = 0.006; Clostridium, 16.2% vs. 1.1%, p = 0.013; Streptococcus, 17.7% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.002) than the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fecal stream diversion was closely associated with less diversity and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10439566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10047556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomics revealed a correlation of gut phageome with autism spectrum disorder.","authors":"Khashayar Shahin, Abbas Soleimani-Delfan, Zihan He, Philippe Sansonetti, Jean-Marc Collard","doi":"10.1186/s13099-023-00561-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-023-00561-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human gut bacteriome is believed to have pivotal influences on human health and disease while the particular roles associated with the gut phageome have not been fully characterized yet with few exceptions. It is argued that gut microbiota can have a potential role in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The public microbiota database of ASD and typically developing (TD) Chinese individuals were analyzed for phage protein-coding units (pPCU) to find any link between the phageome and ASD. The gut phageome of ASD individuals showed a wider diversity and higher abundance compared to TD individuals. The ASD phageome was associated with a significant expansion of Caudoviricetes bacteriophages. Phages infecting Bacteroidaceae and prophages encoded within Faecalibacterium were more frequent in ASD than in TD individuals. The expansion and diversification of ASD phageome can influence the bacterial homeostasis by imposing pressure on the bacterial communities. In conclusion, the differences of phages community in in ASD and TD can be used as potential diagnosis biomarkers of ASD. Further investigations are needed to verify the role of gut phage communities in the pathogenesis of ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10403902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9948644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A day-to-day management model improves patient compliance to treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection: a prospective, randomized controlled study.","authors":"Zhen Yang,&nbsp;Wenjie Xiong,&nbsp;Ruoyun Yang,&nbsp;Haisheng Qian,&nbsp;Zhi He,&nbsp;Meihong Chen,&nbsp;Jiajia Yang,&nbsp;Huaiming Sang,&nbsp;Jin Yan,&nbsp;Xiaobing Xu,&nbsp;Yun Wang,&nbsp;Guoxin Zhang,&nbsp;Feng Ye","doi":"10.1186/s13099-023-00556-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-023-00556-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The day-to-day (DTD) management model encourages patients to actively participate in their healthcare by setting goals. We determined the effectiveness of the DTD model in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, as compared with conventional outpatient education (OE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We randomized 254 H. pylori-positive patients into a DTD group (127 patients) and an OE group (127 patients) prior to primary treatment with 14-day bismuth-containing quadruple therapy, including esomeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin. Both groups received consistent medication instructions. Patients in the DTD group recorded daily attendance after completing their daily medication plan from day 1 to day 14. The medication compliance, follow-up compliance, H. pylori eradication rates, and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the modified intention-to-treat (MITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses, the DTD group showed significantly higher medication compliance than the OE group (P = 0.001 and P = 0.031, respectively). Both the MITT and PP analyses showed significant differences in follow-up compliance (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively) and timing of the review urea breath test (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively) between the two groups. However, no significant differences were observed in the H. pylori eradication rates (95.8% vs. 93.8%, P = 0.529) in the PP analysis, or AEs incidence (25.4% vs. 28.3%, P = 0.603) between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated the novel application of the DTD model in the treatment of H. pylori infection, which enabled patients to develop habitual medication-taking behaviors without physician intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10388557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10276622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for gut colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci among Bulgarian critically ill patients.","authors":"Preslava M Hristova,&nbsp;Teodora V Marinova-Bulgaranova,&nbsp;Tanya V Strateva,&nbsp;Stefan V Trifonov,&nbsp;Hristina Y Hitkova","doi":"10.1186/s13099-023-00564-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-023-00564-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRЕ) are recognized as important hospital pathogens which have become common in patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of and the risk factors for colonization with VRE among ICU patients. A total of 91 patients who had duration of hospitalization more than 48 h and without infection caused by VRE or/and other microorganisms in the ICU at University Hospital, Pleven were screened for colonization with VRE. The following data were collected: demographic characteristics, clinical information and antimicrobials use. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 27.0. Colonization with VRE was established in 22 patients and one was carrying two enterococcal species. A total of 23 VRE were isolated. The univariate analysis showed that the postoperative critical cares (p < 0.001), cardiovascular diseases (p = 0.009) and the presence of an endotracheal tube (p = 0.003) were risk factors for colonization with VRE. Also, the postoperative critical cares (p = 0.021) and cardiovascular diseases (p = 0.018) were confirmed as independent risk factor for VRE acquisition by multivariate analysis. The prevalence of VRE colonization among the ICU patients was relatively high (24.2%). Risk factors for acquisition of intestinal VRE were the postoperative cares, cardiovascular diseases and the presence of an endotracheal tube.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10369701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9940984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of synbiotic supplementation on intestinal microbiota composition in children and adolescents with exogenous obesity: (Probesity-2 trial).","authors":"Gonca Kilic Yildirim,&nbsp;Meltem Dinleyici,&nbsp;Yvan Vandenplas,&nbsp;Ener Cagri Dinleyici","doi":"10.1186/s13099-023-00563-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-023-00563-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gut microbiota manipulation may be a potential therapeutic target to reduce host energy storage. There is limited information about the effects of probiotics/synbiotics on intestinal microbiota composition in children and adolescents with obesity. The objective of this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was to test the effects of a multispecies synbiotic on intestinal microbiota composition in children and adolescents with exogenous obesity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Children with exogenous obesity were managed with a standard diet and increased physical activity and were randomly allocated into two groups at a ratio of 1:1; the 1st group received synbiotic supplementation (probiotic mixture including Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lacticaseibacillus. rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Enterococcus faecium (total 2.5 × 10⁹ CFU/sachet) and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS; 625 mg/sachet) for 12 weeks; the 2nd group received placebo once daily for 12 weeks. Fecal samples were obtained before and at the end of the 12-week intervention to characterize the changes in the gut microbiota composition. Detailed metagenomic and bioinformatics analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in alpha diversity indicators between the synbiotic and placebo groups. After 12 weeks of intervention, the observed taxonomic units and Chao 1 were lower in the synbiotic group than at baseline (p < 0.001 for both). No difference for alpha diversity indicators was observed in the placebo group between baseline and 12 weeks of intervention. At the phylum level, the intestinal microbiota composition of the study groups was similar at baseline. The major phyla in the synbiotic group were Firmicutes (66.7%) and Bacteroidetes (18.8%). In the synbiotic group, the Bacteroidetes phylum was higher after 12 weeks than at baseline (24.0% vs. 18.8%, p < 0.01). In the synbiotic group, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was 3.54 at baseline and 2.75 at 12 weeks of intervention (p < 0.05). In the placebo group, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was 4.70 at baseline and 3.54 at 12 weeks of intervention (p < 0.05). After 12 weeks of intervention, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was also lower in the synbiotic group than in the placebo group (p < 0.05). In the synbiotic group, compared with the baseline, we observed a statistically significant increase in the genera Prevotella (5.28-14.4%, p < 0.001) and Dialister (9.68-13.4%; p < 0.05). Compared to baseline, we observed a statistically significant increase in the genera Prevotella (6.4-12.4%, p < 0.01) and Oscillospira (4.95% vs. 5.70%, p < 0.001) in the placebo group. In the synbiotic group, at the end of the intervention, an increase in Prevotella, Coprococcus, Lachnospiraceae (at the genus level) and Prevotella copri, Coprococcus eutactus, Ruminococcus spp. at the species level c","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10360342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9854648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbes involvement in gastrointestinal cancers through redox regulation.","authors":"Wang Yangyanqiu,&nbsp;Chu Jian,&nbsp;Yang Yuqing,&nbsp;Qu Zhanbo,&nbsp;Han Shuwen","doi":"10.1186/s13099-023-00562-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-023-00562-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are among the most common and lethal cancers worldwide. GI microbes play an important role in the occurrence and development of GI cancers. The common mechanisms by which GI microbes may lead to the occurrence and development of cancer include the instability of the microbial internal environment, secretion of cancer-related metabolites, and destabilization of the GI mucosal barrier. In recent years, many studies have found that the relationship between GI microbes and the development of cancer is closely associated with the GI redox level. Redox instability associated with GI microbes may induce oxidative stress, DNA damage, cumulative gene mutation, protein dysfunction and abnormal lipid metabolism in GI cells. Redox-related metabolites of GI microbes, such as short-chain fatty acids, hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide, which are involved in cancer, may also influence GI redox levels. This paper reviews the redox reactions of GI cells regulated by microorganisms and their metabolites, as well as redox reactions in the cancer-related GI microbes themselves. This study provides a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of GI cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10339571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9815126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Recent five-year progress in the impact of gut microbiota on vaccination and possible mechanisms.","authors":"Biqing Huang,&nbsp;Jianwei Wang,&nbsp;Lanjuan Li","doi":"10.1186/s13099-023-00560-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-023-00560-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10332008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9805949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRIM32 reduced the recruitment of innate immune cells and the killing capacity of Listeria monocytogenes by inhibiting secretion of chemokines.","authors":"Xuan OuYang,&nbsp;Peng Liu,&nbsp;Yuling Zheng,&nbsp;Hua Jiang,&nbsp;Qingyu Lv,&nbsp;Wenhua Huang,&nbsp;Huaijie Hao,&nbsp;Yaya Pian,&nbsp;Decong Kong,&nbsp;Yongqiang Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s13099-023-00558-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-023-00558-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a facultative, intracellular Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium that causes sepsis, a condition characterized by persistent excessive inflammation and organ dysfunction. However, the pathogenesis of Lm-induced sepsis is unknown. In this research, we discovered that TRIM32 is required for innate immune regulation during Lm infection. Trim32 deficiency remarkably reduced bacteremia and proinflammatory cytokine secretion in mice with severe Lm infection, preventing sepsis. Trim32^-/- mice had a lower bacterial burden after Lm infection and survived significantly longer than wild-type (WT) mice, as well as lower serum levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18, IL-12p70, IFN-β, and IFN-γ at 1 day post infection (dpi) compared to WT mice. On the other hand, the chemokines CXCL1, CCL2, CCL7, and CCL5 were enhanced at 3 dpi in Trim32^-/- mice than WT mice, reflecting increased recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages. Furthermore, Trim32^-/- mice had higher levels of macrophage-associated iNOS to kill Lm. Collectively, our findings suggest that TRIM32 reduces innate immune cells recruitment and Lm killing capabilities via iNOS production.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10324126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10163547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota signatures and fecal metabolites in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.","authors":"Han Wang,&nbsp;Jing Liu,&nbsp;Zuoxing Wu,&nbsp;Yangyang Zhao,&nbsp;Man Cao,&nbsp;Baohong Shi,&nbsp;Baolong Chen,&nbsp;Ning Chen,&nbsp;Hao Guo,&nbsp;Na Li,&nbsp;Jian Chen,&nbsp;Ren Xu","doi":"10.1186/s13099-023-00553-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-023-00553-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Women suffer from various distress and disturbances after menopause, including osteoporosis, a risk factor associated with multiple diseases. Altered gut microbiota has been implicated in postmenopausal osteoporosis. In this study, to understand gut microbiota signatures and fecal metabolite changes in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, 108 postmenopausal women were recruited for intestinal microbiota and fecal metabolite detection. Among these participants, 98 patients, who met the inclusion criteria, were divided into postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) and non-postmenopausal osteoporosis (non-PMO) groups based on bone mineral density (BMD). The compositions of gut bacteria and fungi were examined by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and ITS sequencing, respectively. Meanwhile, fecal metabolites were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that bacterial α-diversity and β-diversity were significantly altered in PMO compared to non-PMO patients. Interestingly, fungi composition showed larger changes, and the differences in β-diversity were more significant between PMO and non-PMO patients. Metabolomics analysis revealed that fecal metabolites, such as levulinic acid, N-Acetylneuraminic acid, and the corresponding signaling pathways were also changed significantly, especially in the alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism and selenocompound metabolism. The screened differential bacteria, fungi, and metabolites closely correlated with clinical findings between these two groups, for example, the bacterial genus, Fusobacterium, the fungal genus, Devriesia, and the metabolite, L-pipecolic acid, were significantly associated with BMD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicated that there were remarkable changes in gut bacteria, fungi, and fecal metabolites in postmenopausal women, and such changes were notably correlated with patients' BMD ​​and clinical findings. These correlations provide novel insights into the mechanism of PMO development, potential early diagnostic indicators, and new therapeutic approaches to improve bone health in postmenopausal women.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10324172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9809232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clostridioides difficile infection in infants: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Zhirong Li,&nbsp;Ning Dong,&nbsp;Jihong Hao,&nbsp;Zirou Ouyang,&nbsp;Cuixin Qiang,&nbsp;Ying Yang,&nbsp;Chaoyi Mi,&nbsp;Yanan Niu,&nbsp;Jing Yang,&nbsp;Baojiang Wen,&nbsp;Liwei Wang,&nbsp;Shaodan Zhang,&nbsp;Jianhong Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s13099-023-00552-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-023-00552-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is the major pathogen causing antibiotic-associated diarrhea. There are a variety of symptoms associated with C. difficile infection (CDI) in adults, including self-limiting diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon, septic shock, and even death from the infection. However, the infant's intestine appears to be completely resistant to the effects of C. difficile toxins A and B with rare development of clinical symptoms.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>In this study, we reported a 1-month-old girl with CDI who was born with neonatal hypoglycemia and necrotizing enterocolitis. Her symptom of diarrhea occurred after extensive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics during hospitalization and was accompanied by elevated white blood cell, platelet, and C-reactive protein levels, and repeated routine stool examinations were abnormal. She was recovered by norvancomycin (an analogue of vancomycin) and probiotic treatment. The results of 16 S rRNA gene sequencing also demonstrated the recovery of intestinal microbiota with the enrichment of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the literature review and this case report, clinicians should also pay attention to diarrhea caused by C. difficile in infants and young children. More strong evidence is needed to explain the true prevalence of CDI in this population and to better understand the C. difficile-associated diarrhea in infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10311876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9734892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}