Gut Pathogens最新文献

{"title":"Surfactin from Bacillus subtilis 1-4 disrupts the cell membrane of zoonotic staphylococcus intermedius in vitro and maintains gut microbiota community in urban pigeons.","authors":"Jia-Ho Shiu, Bo-Chen Huang, Hui-Jye Chen, Yo-Chia Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13099-026-00830-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-026-00830-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactococcus cremoris decreases virulence‑associated properties, and modifies the protein profile of foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni in biofilm.","authors":"Blaž Jug, Maja Šikić Pogačar, Aleš Berlec, Anja Klančnik","doi":"10.1186/s13099-026-00827-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-026-00827-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Campylobacter jejuni, the most common foodborne pathogen, relies on adhesion, invasion, and biofilm formation for successful virulence and persistence in the food-processing environments. In this study, we investigated the effects of the transient bacterium with probiotic properties Lactococcus cremoris on C. jejuni virulence via an adhesion and invasion assay using human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells, culturability via colony-forming units, and proteomic adaptation in co-culture via label-free quantitative mass spectrometry. Caco-2 cell adhesion and invasion assay revealed that L. cremoris decreases C. jejuni adhesion (by 50%) and invasion (by 92%), particularly when inoculated prior to the pathogen. In mature (48 h old) dual-species biofilms, C. jejuni culturability decreased by 88%, while L. cremoris culturability remained unaffected, compared to single-species biofilms. Proteomic analysis of biofilm cells showed metabolic reprogramming in C. jejuni, with increased levels of proteins related to the TCA cycle, stress response, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, chemotaxis, and energy production. The most upregulated proteins included the tungsten transporter TupA, LuxS, Dps, and hydrogenase subunits HydAB, indicating adaptations to nutrient limitation and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, the decreased culturability of C. jejuni suggests it is overwhelmed under the competitive conditions of dual-species biofilms. Our findings demonstrate that L. cremoris exerts strong antagonistic effects on C. jejuni, restricting its virulence, and triggering significant metabolic shifts in dual-species biofilms. These results highlight the potential of L. cremoris as a preventative strategy against C. jejuni adhesion, colonisation, and transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking gut microbiome to HIV-1 reservoir size in people living with HIV.","authors":"Oscar Kieri, Aswathy Narayanan, Bianca B Jütte, Peter Svensson, Soo Aleman, Anders Sönnerborg, Shilpa Ray, Piotr Nowak","doi":"10.1186/s13099-026-00828-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-026-00828-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut microbiome is altered during HIV-1 infection and contributes to immune dysfunction and inflammation in people living with HIV (PLWH), these changes may persist despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). We explored the associations between the fecal gut microbiome and blood HIV-1 reservoir size in PLWH (n = 30) on long-term ART. The intact proviral DNA assay (IPDA) and shotgun metagenomic sequencing were performed to identify microbial species and metabolic pathways associated with the size of the HIV-1 reservoir. PLWH with a smaller intact reservoir exhibited lower evenness compared to individuals with a larger intact reservoir. We found that Phocaeicola plebeius and Lachnospira sp000437735 were significantly enriched in individuals with a smaller intact reservoir and lower intact-to-total proviral ratio, respectively. We observed a negative association between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and a positive association of Prevotella copri, with the intact proviral reservoir size. Additionally, the metabolic pathways of glycolysis and branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis were enriched in individuals with larger reservoir. HIV reservoir size in blood is associated with gut microbiome evenness, specific metabolic pathways and microbial signatures, including Lachnospira, Prevotella, and Faecalibacterium. Our findings underscore the potential role of the gut microbiome in viral persistence, raising the possibility that modulating microbial composition could influence the HIV reservoir.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13063484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycogen content and expression of CD10 and α-SMA in the microenvironment of viable human hepatic hydatid cysts.","authors":"Enas A El Saftawy, Marwa M I Ghallab, Hanaa O Fadl, Amr M Abdelraouf, Ahmed Naeem Eesa, Asmaa Ibrahim, Tamer Haydara, Amal M Mahfoz, Salwa M Morsy","doi":"10.1186/s13099-026-00797-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-026-00797-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While hepatic cystic echinococcosis (CE) has been extensively studied in animal models, its impact on the human liver microenvironment remains unclear. Elucidating its pathogenic mechanisms in humans may reveal novel prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. We aimed to investigate the impact of CE on the glycogen content of hepatocytes, CD10 expression in the bile canaliculi, and the profibrotic α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the adjacent portal areas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved 20 cases with hepatic hydatid cysts and 20 controls. Histopathological and viability assessments were done for the surgically obtained samples. Glycogen storage was evaluated using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) special staining. Expressions of α-SMA and CD10 were investigated using immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Biochemical tests and eosin staining confirmed high viability of the metacestodes, and histopathology showed distorted portal tracts. In hydatid cases, 85% (17/20) exhibited mild PAS staining of the hepatocytes, whereas control liver tissues were intensely in 65% (13/20) of the cases (p < 0.001). The laminated layer of the metacestode showed a strong positive PAS staining. In hydatid cases, α-SMA expression in the portal connective tissue exhibited a score of 2 in 45% (9/20) of cases, versus a score of 0 in 85% (17/20) of the control (P < 0.001). Increased α-SMA was also observed in the adventitial layer of the cyst. CD10 expression in pericystic liver tissue was absent in 25% (5/20) of hydatid cases, while mild to moderate canalicular expression was recorded in 65% (13/20) of cases. Nevertheless, marked expression was detected in 80% (16/20) of the controls (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As a preliminary report, hepatic hydatidosis may lead to glycogen depletion and α-SMA induction, suggesting potential therapeutic targets. CD10 may serve as a prognostic and post-treatment monitoring marker. Larger studies with multi-center design are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13094252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147573886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal microbiota from hepatitis B-infected individuals alters triglyceride metabolism and microbial pathways in mice.","authors":"Bomi Kim, Han-Na Kim, Hae Suk Cheong, Subin Jeong, Jungok Kim, Dong Il Park, Eun-Jeong Joo","doi":"10.1186/s13099-026-00825-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-026-00825-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13130720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147503587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei among children under five in Kenya's urban informal settlement.","authors":"Christine Kioko, John M Maingi, Cecilia Mbae, Phelgona Otieno, Collins Kebenei, Winfred Mbithi, Amos Njuguna, Schola Kamwethya, Diana Imoli, Darius Ideke, Jessicah Jepchirchir, Kelvin Kering, Samuel Kariuki","doi":"10.1186/s13099-026-00824-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-026-00824-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Shigella species are a significant global public health threat with the highest burden of Shigella-associated diarrhoea in children under five years of age, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Given the high burden of shigellosis in these settings, there is a need for continuous surveillance to identify the prevalent species, risk factors, and determine appropriate intervention strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) and Shigella sonnei (S. sonnei), assess risk factors and identify Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) genes present in samples positive for either species among children under five in Mukuru informal settlement. Between August 2023 and November 2024, 386 children presenting with diarrhoea at any of the four selected health facilities in Mukuru were enrolled. Stool samples or rectal swabs were collected and subjected to TaqMan Polymerase Chain Reaction (TAC PCR) for the detection of S. flexneri, S. sonnei and selected AMR genes. Case Report Forms (CRF) and structured questionnaires were used to collect medical history, behavioural and socioeconomic data, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of S. flexneri and S. sonnei among the 386 participants was 15.54% (60/386). Positivity for S. flexneri and S. sonnei by age group was highest among children aged 12-23 months (24.84%, 40/161) and lowest among those aged 24-59 months (2.08%, 2/96). S. flexneri was the most prevalent species, with serotypes 2 and X being the most detected. Among the samples positive for S. flexneri and S. sonnei, the mphA gene was detected in 98.33% (59/60), the β-lactamase gene CTX-M1-9 was present in 85% (51/60), and CTX-M2-8-25 was identified in 26.67% (16/60) of samples. Age (aOR = 1.025, 95% CI: 1.003-1.047, P = 0.027) and obtaining vegetables from the market (aOR = 2.737, 95% CI: 1.081-6.930, P = 0.034) were significantly associated with shigellosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings show that shigellosis due to S. flexneri and S. sonnei remains a significant contributor to the burden of diarrheal disease, particularly among young children. The high prevalence of AMR genes, especially mphA and CTX-M β-lactamases, indicates widespread resistance to macrolides and extended-spectrum β-lactams. Addressing this challenge may require a multifaceted approach, including enhanced antimicrobial resistance surveillance, strengthened Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) interventions, and the potential deployment of Shigella vaccines among vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13130534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147498585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of probiotic-supplemented formula in treating chronic diarrhea in children aged 6-43 months: evidence based on a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Feng Ji, Yifan Wang, Changying Lu, Qiuling Tang, Shuo Geng, Caidi Jiang, Jia Xiang, Zhong Li, Guanghuan Wang, Lin Zhang, Songwen Tan, Hui Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13099-026-00822-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-026-00822-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147467760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiome changes in people with diabetic retinopathy in India. DRMS-India report # 1: operational protocol and trends from first 100 participants.","authors":"Brijesh Takkar, Ankita Maddheshiya, Pieu Adhikary, Vani Adinarayana Reddy, Partha P Majumder, Souvik Mukherjee, Taraprasad Das","doi":"10.1186/s13099-026-00821-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-026-00821-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), and the leading cause of vision impairment and blindness. India is among the top three countries in DM prevalence, and both DM and DR are projected to rise sharply in the future. There is no accepted strategy for the prevention of DR other than DM control. Recent studies suggest that DM is associated with alterations in a core group of gut microbiota, and progression to DR may be influenced by changes within this core group, highlighting a potential link between DR and gut microbiome. We studied these changes in a protocol-driven large case-control study, the Diabetic Retinopathy Microbiome Study-India (DRMS-India: CTRI/2024/02/062511), analysed the results of the first 100 individuals, and evaluated variations in gut microbiome in DR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The DRMS is designed to recruit 462 people aged ≥ 30 years into three cohorts: healthy controls (HCs), DM, and DR, at 17 independent sites in India. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing of first-pass morning fecal samples is performed at a centralized laboratory and correlated with disease status, lifestyle, dietary, and systemic factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The first 100 participants included 26 HC, 33 DM, and 41 DR. The trends showed the DR group had 1, 6, and 10 unique core phyla, genera, and species, respectively. Alpha diversity was highest in the DR group; Beta diversity plots showed separate clusters of HCs and DR, with DM overlapping both. Firmicutes (highest in DR), Proteobacteria (highest in DM), Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria (highest in HC) were common phyla. Segatella was the most common genus, and Segatella copri was the most common species across all groups to date. Most microbial gene families were annotated to Molecular Functions (MF), and the pathways attributed to carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid, and nucleotide metabolism, indicating distinct functional adaptations in their gut microbiome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Trends from the first 100 individuals indicate that the gut microbiome of Indians with DR exhibits discriminatory features in microbial diversity and abundance, as well as in gene families and pathways that impact host gut metabolism. Data trends from DRMS-India indicate a region-specific non-invasive biomarker that may guide preventive therapy for DR.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13097751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147456599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling gut microbiota of colorectal cancer in Indonesia: a focus on beneficial taxa depletion.","authors":"Yudith Annisa Ayu Rezkitha, Amal Arifi Hidayat, Irene Normalina, Ricky Indra Alfaray, Priyo Budi Purwono, Maria Inge Lusida, Brahmana Askandar Tjokroprawiro, Isna Mahmudah, Hasan Maulahela, Yoshio Yamaoka, Muhammad Miftahussurur","doi":"10.1186/s13099-026-00816-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-026-00816-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13033222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147456678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between Helicobacter pylori and osteoporosis: the mediating effect of inflammation.","authors":"Yi Chen, Guoli Ying, Wei Yang, Jinshun Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s13099-026-00820-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-026-00820-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Osteoporosis, a widespread metabolic bone disorder, leads to diminished bone density, heightened susceptibility to fractures, and overall skeletal fragility. As the world's population continues to age, this condition has emerged as a pressing public health issue. Recent research has explored the possible link between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and various systemic diseases beyond the stomach. Yet, the connection between H. pylori and osteoporosis remains hotly debated, with the exact biological mechanisms still unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study recruited participants from Taizhou Hospital who underwent routine health evaluations, including hematological assessment, urea breath tests, and bone density evaluations using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between H. pylori infection and osteoporosis. Additionally, mediation analysis was performed to determine the potential mediating role of inflammation in this association.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Logistic regression analysis identified H. pylori infection as a risk factor for osteoporosis. A subsequent cohort study provided additional evidence that chronic H. pylori infection is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. Mediation analysis revealed that inflammatory responses partially mediate the association between H. pylori and osteoporosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that H. pylori infection may be associated with an elevated risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, with inflammatory response potentially acting as a partial mediating pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147369424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}