Gut Pathogens最新文献

{"title":"Heterogeneity of Clostridioides difficile asymptomatic colonization prevalence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Daniel De-la-Rosa-Martínez, Rodrigo Villaseñor-Echavarri, Diana Vilar-Compte, Virna Mosqueda-Larrauri, Paola Zinser-Peniche, Seth Blumberg","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00674-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00674-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asymptomatic carriers significantly influence the transmission dynamics of C. difficile. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of toxigenic C. difficile asymptomatic colonization (tCDAC) and investigate its heterogeneity across different populations. We searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus for articles published between 2000 and 2023 on tCDAC. Studies including asymptomatic adults with laboratory-confirmed tCDAC were eligible. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence by clinical characteristics, settings, and geographic areas. In addition, we used outlier analyses and meta-regression to explore sources of prevalence variability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-one studies involving 39,447 patients were included. The tCDAC prevalence ranged from 0.5 to 51.5%. Among pooled estimates, a high prevalence was observed in patients with cystic fibrosis, outbreak settings, and cancer patients, whereas the lowest rates were found in healthy individuals and healthcare workers. Similar colonization rates were observed between admitted and hospitalized patients. Our meta-regression analysis revealed lower rates in healthy individuals and higher rates in cystic fibrosis patients and studies from North America. Additionally, compared with that among healthy individuals, the prevalence significantly increased by 15-47% among different populations and settings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study revealed that tCDAC is a common phenomenon. We found high prevalence estimates that showed significant variability across populations. This heterogeneity could be partially explained by population characteristics and settings, supporting their role in the pathogenesis and burden of this disease. This highlights the need to identify high-risk groups to improve infection control strategies, decrease transmission dynamics, and better understand the natural history of this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of invasive infections on clinical outcomes in acute pancreatitis: early predictive factors and implications for prophylactic anti-infective therapy.","authors":"Fabienne Bender, Theresa König, Matthias Hecker, Moritz Fritzenwanker, Jacqueline Braun, Joern Pons-Kühnemann, Matthias Wolff, Andreas Hecker, Martin Reichert","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00671-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00671-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of antibiotic therapy in acute pancreatitis remains controversial and is currently recommended only for confirmed infections of peripancreatic necrosis. However, reliable early predictors of septic complications and unfavorable outcomes are substantially lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with acute pancreatitis were retrospectively reviewed and divided into two groups: one with a septic course defined by pathogen detection [GERM(+)] and one without [GERM(-)]. After propensity score matching, both groups were compared regarding clinical outcomes. Early predictors of pathogen detection were evaluated by multivariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>424 patients with acute pancreatitis were included. After propensity score matching 123 GERM(-) patients were compared to 74 GERM(+) patients. GERM(+) patients demonstrated significantly worse clinical outcomes with higher rate of intensive care treatment (59.5% vs. 35.0%; p = 0.0011) and consecutive longer stay in intensive care unit (11.5 ± 25.2d vs. 3.0 ± 7.9d; p = 0.0007), longer in-hospital stay (26.8 ± 22.0d vs. 14.7 ± 15.0d; p = 0.0003) as well as worse results in the composite outcome length of in-hospital stay > 15d or death (67.6% vs. 31.7%; p < 0.0001). Prescence of ascites and elevated white blood cell count at the onset of acute pancreatitis were identified as significant predictive factors in the early disease associated with invasive infection and pathogen detection. The most frequently detected pathogens were commensals of the gastrointestinal tract, observed in 70.7% of the examined body fluids and 50.7% of the examined blood cultures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Detection of pathogens is associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes in acute pancreatitis. The presence of ascites and elevated white blood cell count at onset of acute pancreatitis are significant predictive factors indicating the risk of invasive infection with relevant bacterial load. Thus, an aggressive, early anti-infective strategy against pathogens of intestinal origin should be considered in these cases and may improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomics: a new frontier for routine pathology testing of gastrointestinal pathogens.","authors":"Nicola Z Angel, Mitchell J Sullivan, Areej Alsheikh-Hussain, Liang Fang, Samantha MacDonald, Alena Pribyl, Blake Wills, Gene W Tyson, Philip Hugenholtz, Donovan H Parks, Paul Griffin, David L A Wood","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00673-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00673-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate and comprehensive identification of enteropathogens, causing infectious gastroenteritis, is essential for optimal patient treatment and effective isolation processes in health care systems. Traditional diagnostic techniques are well established and optimised in low-cost formats. However, thorough testing for a wider range of causal agents is time consuming and remains limited to a subset of pathogenic organisms. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) allows the identification of all pathogens in a sample in a single test, without a reliance on culture or introduction of target selection bias. This study aims to determine the ability to routinely apply mNGS testing, in comparison to traditional culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based tests, for the identification of causal pathogens for gastrointestinal infections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The performance of mNGS, PCR and microscopy, culture and sensitivity (MCS) assays was established using 2,619 prospectively collected faecal samples from patients with symptomology indicative of infectious gastroenteritiss. Commonly experienced pathogens including Aeromonas spp, Campylobacter spp, Salmonella spp and Giardia spp, in single and co-infected patients, were used to establish test outcomes. When testing for these organisms, using the combined result from either or both PCR and MCS testing as the comparator, the mNGS assay had clinically acceptable sensitivity (89.2-100%). Further, the mNGS assay detected 14 additional enteropathogens, that were either not detected or not tested, by initial PCR/MCS testing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The advantage of mNGS compared to other syndromic testing systems is the broad range of detectable targets and the ability to interrogate samples without clinician informed or assay specific bias. With the development of newer sequencing assays, it is now feasible to test for a wide range of target organisms in a sample using a single mNGS test. Overall, the mNGS based approach enabled pathogen detection that was comparable to conventional diagnostics and was shown to have the potential to be extended for the detection of many pathogens and genes of clinical interest. In conclusion, the mNGS assay offers an easy, sample to answer workflow with rapid detection of enteropathogens and has the potential to improve diagnosis, therapy and infection control precautions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant abundance of bacterial flagellin and expression of its surface localized receptor toll-like receptor 5 and cytokine interleukin-22 in South African infants with poor oral rotavirus vaccine take.","authors":"Nontlantla J Haindongo, Mapaseka Seheri, Cliff A Magwira","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00672-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00672-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial flagellin, a potent intestinal innate immune activator, prevents murine rotavirus (RV) infection independent of adaptive immunity and interferons. The flagellin-induced immunity is mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR5) and Nod-like receptor C4 (NLRC4), which elicit the production of interleukins 22 (IL-22) and IL-18, respectively. Here, we assessed whether a high abundance of flagellin at the time of vaccination would negatively affect the oral RV vaccine take. Fecal samples were collected from infants a week after first dose of Rotarix vaccination to establish vaccine shedders (n = 50) and non-shedders (n = 44). The abundance of flagellin and expression of flagellin-encoding fliC, TLR5 and NLRC4, IL-22 and IL-18 genes was determined by qPCR. There were no differences in the abundance of flagellin between vaccine shedders and non-shedders (p = 0.15). However, the expression of FliC was increased 7.5-fold in non-shedders versus shedders (p = 0.001). Similarly, TLR5 (p = 0.045), and not NLRC4 (p = 0.507,) was significantly expressed in non-shedders versus shedders. The expression of IL-22 (p = 0.054), and not IL-18 dependent NLRC4 (p = 0.650), was increased 3.4-fold in non-shedders versus shedders. Collectively, our observations suggest a possible negative impact of the abundance of viable flagellated bacteria at the time of vaccination on the replication and therefore the performance of RV vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11740523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-genome sequencing-based characterization of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis and Kentucky isolated from laying hens in northwest of Iran, 2022-2023.","authors":"Shirin Vakili, Mehri Haeili, Adel Feizi, Kiarash Moghaddasi, Maryam Omrani, Arash Ghodousi, Daniela Maria Cirillo","doi":"10.1186/s13099-025-00679-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-025-00679-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The transmission of Salmonella spp. to human through the consumption of contaminated food products of animal origin, mainly poultry is a significant global public health concern. The emerging multidrug resistant (MDR) clones of non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars, have spread rapidly worldwide both in humans and in the food chain. In this study NTS strains were isolated from diseased laying hens in Iran and were further studied by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate the prevalent serovars, multilocus sequence types, antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of eight isolated Salmonella spp. six were identified as S. Enteritidis serovar ST11 (n = 5) or ST5824 (n = 1), and two isolates were recognized as S. Kentucky serotype ST198 lineages. The aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(6')-Iaa was the most frequently detected gene being present in all serovars, but it did not confer phenotypic resistance to corresponding agents (tobramycin and amikacin). All S. Enteritidis isolates carried a single GyrA D87N/Y substitution. Other identified antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) including tetA, floR, sul1, dfrA1, aph(3')-Ia and double gyrA and parC mutations conferring high-level ciprofloxacin resistance (CIP^R) (MIC ≥ 16mg/L) were only found in S. Kentucky isolates. The comparison of phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles revealed inconsistent results for some antibiotics. A total of 11 different Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands (SPIs) including SPIs-1, to 5, 9, 10, 13, 14, C63PI, CS54 and several virulence genes related to type III secretion system, adhesins, iron and magnesium uptake, serum and antimicrobial peptide resistance were detected among the isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study reports emergence of a highly MDR- CIP^R S. Kentucky ST198 clone form poultry associated sources in Iran. The presence of numerous virulence determinants, SPIs and ARGs in the examined NTS isolates poses a significant risk for food safety. The inconsistencies between the genotypic and phenotypic AMR profiles indicate that WGS data alone may not be always sufficient for guiding therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profile of intestinal fungal microbiota in acute pancreatitis patients and healthy individuals.","authors":"Meng-Qi Zhao, Miao-Yan Fan, Meng-Yan Cui, Su-Min Chen, Jing-Jing Wang, Ying-Ying Lu, Qiao-Li Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00675-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00675-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The gut is involved in the development of acute pancreatitis (AP). Increased focus is being given to the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of AP. Nevertheless, there is currently no available evidence regarding the composition of fungal microorganisms in the intestines of patients with AP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we sequenced ITS rRNA gene amplicons and examined the intestinal fungal microbiota in feces from 11 AP patients (the test group) and 15 healthy people (the control group). Additionally, we examined the relationship between fungus and clinical and biochemical markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed a decline in alpha diversity in AP patients. The overall fungal microbiota in the test group was significantly different from that of the control group (P < 0.05). In both groups, the fecal fungal microbiota was dominated by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota phyla. At the genus level, the abundance of Candida was significantly higher in the test group and the abundances of Penicillium, Auricularia, unclassified Eurotiomycetes, Epicoccum and Vishniacozyma were significantly lower. Furthermore, AP patients had a significant decrease in the GMHI score and a significant increase in the MDI index. The co-abundance networks of gut fungus in AP patients showed more interactions and mostly positive correlations than in the control group. There was a strong positive link between Aspergillus and WBC counts, while There was a strong link between unclassified Rozellomycota and IL-6.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study provides the first empirical evidence that AP patients have different fecal fungal microbiota, which raises the possibility that mycobiota contribute to the etiology and progression of AP.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"17 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11716059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Washed microbiota transplantation stopped recurrent sepsis in a patient with myelofibrosis: a case report.","authors":"Yingqi Yang, Luyao Wang, Tianchi Zhuang, Ting Xu, Minghui Ji, Quan Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00660-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00660-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sepsis represents the most prevalent infectious complication and the primary cause of mortality in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). The risk of sepsis and the difficulty of treatment are significantly increased in MPN patients due to the need for immunomodulators and antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>On June 9, 2023, a 69-year-old male was admitted to the hospital. Following a battery of tests, the diagnosis of sepsis due to Escherichia coli was ultimately established. The patient was administered amoxicillin clavulanate potassium intravenously. In light of the patient's recurrent sepsis and the likelihood that the source of infection is the intestinal tract, we advised that the patient undergo washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) via a colonic transendoscopic enteral tube (TET).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>WMT as the new method of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) successfully cured the recurrent sepsis in this case, indicating the novel option for challenging the refractory or serious infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11673363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the effects of probiotics on olanzapine-induced metabolic syndrome through the gut microbiota.","authors":"Syed Mushraf, Kiran Chawla, Shaik Mohammed Abdul Fayaz, Aranjani Jesil Mathew, Gayam Prasanna Kumar Reddy, Mohandas Rao Kappettu Gadahad, Padmaja A Shenoy, Vasudha Devi, Shalini Adiga, Veena Nayak","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00664-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00664-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maintaining gut microbial homeostasis is crucial for human health, as imbalances in the gut microbiota (GM) can lead to various diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MS), exacerbated by the use of antipsychotic medications such as olanzapine (OLZ). Understanding the role of the GM in OLZ-induced MS could lead to new therapeutic strategies. This study used metagenomic analysis to explore the impact of OLZ on the GM composition and examined how probiotics can mitigate its adverse effects in a rat model. Changes in weight, blood pressure, and lipid levels, which are key parameters defining MS, were assessed. Additionally, this study investigated serotonin, dopamine, and histopathological changes to explore their possible link with the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OLZ had an antagonistic effect on serotonin and dopamine receptors, and it was consistently found to alter the composition of the GM, with an increase in the relative abundance (RA) of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes phyla ratio and TM7 genera, indicating that the anticommonsal action of OLZ affects appetite and energy expenditure, contributing to obesity, dyslipidemia and increased blood pressure, which are core components of MS. Hepatic steatosis and intestinal damage in OLZ-treated rat tissues further indicate its role in MS. Conversely, the administration of probiotics, either alone or in combination with OLZ, was found to mitigate these OLZ-induced symptoms of MS by altering the GM composition. These alterations included increases in the abundances of the taxa Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Prevotella, Blautia, Bacteroides, Bacteroidales, and Ruminococcaceae and a decrease in Firmicute abundance. These changes helped maintain gut barrier integrity and modulated neurotransmitter levels, suggesting that probiotics can counteract the adverse metabolic effects of OLZ by restoring the GM balance. Moreover, this study highlights the modulation of the MGBA by OLZ as a potential mechanism through which probiotics modulate serotonin and dopamine levels, influencing metabolic health.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings emphasise the significant impact of OLZ on the GM and its contribution to MS. These findings suggest that interventions targeting the GM, such as probiotics, could mitigate the metabolic side effects of OLZ. Future research should focus on developing integrative treatment approaches that consider the health of the gut microbiome in managing antipsychotic-induced adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fatal case of Vibrio cholerae-associated diarrhea and bacteremia in a 30-year-old carrier of beta-thalassemia.","authors":"Mohammad Tarequl Islam, Kazi Sumaita Nahar, Nikhat Ara, Suma Mita Biswas, Waliullah, Jarin Tasnim, Mohammad Nazmus Sakib, Abdullah Al-Mamun, Alimul Islam, Anindita Bristi, Marzia Sultana, Dilruba Ahmed, Kimberley D Seed, Andrew Camilli, Tahmeed Ahmed, Munirul Alam","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00655-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00655-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial infections leading to bacteremia and septicemic shock constitute an emerging public health concern globally, especially in areas where sanitation is poor and safe drinking water is scarce. Enteric pathogens such as Vibrio cholerae are responsible for many deaths caused by contaminated food and water in these areas. While cholera is the prominent clinical threat posed by V. cholerae, outcomes like bacteremia turning into sepsis and associated morbidity and mortality have been increasing globally in recent times. Here, we report an alarming case of fatal sepsis with a probable association of V. cholerae bacteremia in Bangladesh. In September 2023, a 30-year-old man with a pre-condition of beta-thalassemia presented to a tertiary care hospital with acute diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, and fever and died within 36 h of admission with acute cholecystitis, metabolic acidosis, acute kidney injury, pancytopenia, and refractory septic shock with multi-organ dysfunction syndrome. Blood culture detected V. cholerae, which was further characterized as hemolytic, carrying the hemolysin gene and genes for the virulence factor type-three secretion system. The isolate was confirmed as V. cholerae non-O1/O139 (NOVC), which differed in genetic properties from the few contemporary NOVC isolates associated with diarrheal cases in Bangladesh. To manage the diarrhea and septicemic condition, the patient was treated empirically with metronidazole and meropenem. However, antibiotic susceptibility testing showed the strain was susceptible to all the routinely prescribed drugs for V. cholerae infections. To the best of our knowledge, this investigation provides the first molecular description of a fatal case of V. cholerae-associated bacteremia in Bangladesh and underscores the need for comprehensive investigations on bacterial septicemia to prevent future casualties.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11660620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal microbiome alterations of mice following immunization with gold nanoparticle vaccines against enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.","authors":"Sarah Bowser, Itziar Chapartegui-González, Alfredo G Torres","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00670-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00670-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), a group of enteric pathogenic bacteria that is a major cause of human diarrheal disease, must interact with the diverse intestinal microbiome during colonization and subsequently overcome the environmental challenges to survive and cause disease. While this relationship, and how the microbiome modulates infection of EHEC, has been studied, it is less understood how the microbiome is impacted during treatment for an EHEC infection. One area that is notably lacking in knowledge is how vaccination can impact the intestinal microbiome composition, and therefore, influence vaccine efficacy. We previously developed vaccine formulations consisting of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated to various EHEC antigens and tested them in mice models using both EHEC and its murine counterpart Citrobacter rodentium. The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between these EHEC vaccines and their effects on the gut microbiome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that immunization with the vaccines or adjuvant-only control did not lead to major alterations in the composition of the fecal microbiome; however, there were measurable variations in individual mice within the same vaccine group housed in separate cages. Also, immunization with one vaccine (AuNP-EscC) prevented both a decrease in the diversity of the fecal microbiome and an increase in detectable C. rodentium following infection compared to control animals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, our small study argues in favor of evaluating the intestinal microbiome during vaccine development not just for EHEC, but for other enteric pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11660674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}