Gut Pathogens最新文献

{"title":"A triad of gut dysbiosis, dysregulated immunity, and 'leaky' gut characterize HCMV associated neonatal cholestasis.","authors":"Kalyani Karandikar, Gauri Bhonde, Harsha Palav, Varsha Padwal, Shilpa Velhal, Jacintha Pereira, Himali Meshram, Akshat Goel, Ira Shah, Vainav Patel, Vikrant M Bhor","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00663-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00663-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gut microbiome dysbiosis and related immune dysfunction have been associated with the pathogenesis of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in infants with neonatal cholestasis (NC) as previously reported by us. However, the interaction of a perturbed microbiome, HCMV infection, and dysregulated immunity leading to exacerbation of disease severity has not been investigated so far. In this study, we examined the association of gut microbiome, host inflammatory and homeostatic markers that are likely to govern increased pathogenesis of NC in HCMV infected IgM positive infants (N = 15) compared to IgM negative (N = 15) individuals. Stool samples of HCMV infected infants and age-matched healthy controls (N = 10) were assessed for gut bacteria-derived metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), cytokines and markers of gut barrier integrity. Data were correlated with previously determined gut microbiome composition and frequency of immune cell subsets. Finally, validation of clinical potential was undertaken by principal component analysis (PCA) of integrated data to delineate the spectrum of clinical pathology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significantly lower levels of SCFAs and elevated fecal levels of soluble inflammatory mediators were observed in IgM positive HCMV infected infants. Further, increased plasma LPS levels and markers of gut permeability, suggestive of microbial translocation due to a 'leaky gut' were observed in HCMV infected IgM positive group. PCA of integrated data revealed clearly disparate profiles representative of IgM positive, IgM negative, and uninfected healthy states.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest the utility of an integrated approach involving dysregulated microbiome-immune axis for gaining a better understanding of pathogenesis associated with HCMV infection in NC.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11566295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142618718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Venous intestinal ischemia of fungal origin as a cause of intestinal obstruction in immunocompromised patients: case report and literature review.","authors":"Diana Marcela Grajales-Urrego, Fabián Mantilla-Sylvain, Mariam Carolina Rolon-Cadena, William Mauricio Basto-Borbón, Johanna Álvarez-Figueroa","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00658-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00658-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mucormycosis is a highly lethal opportunistic fungal disease caused by ubiquitous molds of the order Mucorales, with Rhizopus, Lichtheimia and Mucor being the most common genera. This rare disease primarily affects immunocompromised patients, with presentations ranging from rhino-orbito-cerebral infections to disseminated mucormycosis with angioinvasion, leading to thrombosis and tissue infarction. Gastrointestinal mucormycosis is the least common clinical presentation and is believed to be secondary to spore ingestion. It can involve multiple components of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the stomach, liver, ileum, and colon, with nonspecific manifestations, including pain, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distension. The initial clinical presentation may even manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding due to gastric ulceration or intestinal perforation.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Here we present the case of a 48-year-old male patient with a 9-year history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who was hospitalized in the context of febrile neutropenia and whose acute respiratory infection was documented; therefore, antibiotic treatment was initiated. However, due to persistent febrile peaks and peripheral blood showing documentation of multilineage cytopenias, a bone marrow biopsy was performed, compatible with presenting features of marrow myelodysplasia. During hospitalization, the patient presented left flank abdominal pain, and an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed signs of intussusception of a small bowel loop at the distal jejunum level, leading to intestinal obstruction with ischemic progression, requiring ileectomy (60 cm). Histopathological analysis of the resected intestine revealed severe transmural ischemic changes associated with venous thrombosis due to fungal structures, with histochemical studies demonstrating the presence of zygomycete (Mucor) fungal structures, leading to the initiation of treatment with amphotericin B. However, despite treatment, the patient experienced progressive clinical deterioration with persistent fever and ventilatory failure, with follow-up tests showing absolute neutropenia and blood cultures positive for yeast, leading to death 52 days after admission.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The diagnosis of intestinal mucormycosis may be delayed due to the lack of specificity of the signs and symptoms. Pathologists as well as histopathological studies are essential for timely treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11552342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142618733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depletion of core microbiome forms the shared background against diverging dysbiosis patterns in Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis: insights from an integrated multi-cohort analysis.","authors":"Aditya Bajaj, Manasvini Markandey, Amit Samal, Sourav Goswami, Sudheer K Vuyyuru, Srikant Mohta, Bhaskar Kante, Peeyush Kumar, Govind Makharia, Saurabh Kedia, Tarini Shankar Ghosh, Vineet Ahuja","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00654-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00654-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Crohn's disease (CD) and intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) are gastrointestinal (GI) inflammatory disorders with overlapping clinical presentations but diverging etiologies. The study aims to decipher CD and ITB-associated gut dysbiosis signatures and identify disease-associated co-occurring modules to evaluate whether this dysbiosis signature is a disease-specific trait or is a shared feature across diseases of diverging etiologies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Disease-associated gut microbial modules were identified using statistical machine learning and co-abundance network analysis in controls, CD and ITB patients recruited as part of this study. Module reproducibility was reinvestigated through meta-network analysis encompassing >5400 bacteriomes and ~900 mycobiomes. Subsequently, >1600 Indian gut microbiomes were analyzed to identify a central-core gut microbiome of 46 taxa, whose abundances aided in the formulation of an India-specific Core Gut Microbiome Score (CGMS) to measure the degree of core retention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both diseases witness similar patterns of alterations in [alpha]-diversity, characterized by a significant reduction in gut bacterial (i.e., bacterial/archaeal) diversity and a concomitant increase in the fungal [alpha]-diversity. Specific bacterial taxa, along with the diverging mycobiome enabled distinction between the diseases. Co-abundance network analysis of these taxa, validated by integrated meta-network analysis, revealed a 'disease-depleted' module, consistent across multiple cohorts, with >75% of this module constituting the central-core Indian gut microbiome. CGMS robustly assessed the core-microbiome loss across different stages of gut inflammatory disorders, in Indian and international cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While the disease-specific gain of detrimental bacteria forms an important component of gut dysbiosis, loss of the core microbiome is a shared phenomenon contributing to various GI disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11545864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal microflora and metabolites affect the progression of acute pancreatitis (AP).","authors":"Zhenjiang Wang, Mingyi Guo, Sen Yang, Yuping Chen, Jianbin Cheng, Zaiwei Huang, Tongxu Wang, Xiaobei Luo, Xingxiang He, Dali Wang, Xiaohong Xu","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00652-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00652-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Specific intestinal metabolites are closely associated with the classification, severity, and necrosis of acute pancreatitis (AP) and provide novel insights for in-depth clinical investigations. In this study, the gut microbiota and metabolites of 49 AP patients at different treatment stages and severities were analysed via 16S rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics to investigate the trends in gut microbiota composition and metabolome profiles observed in patients with severe AP. These findings revealed an imbalance in intestinal flora homeostasis among AP patients characterized by a decrease in probiotics and an increase in opportunistic pathogens, which leads to damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier through reduced short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) secretion and disruption of the intestinal epithelium. This dysbiosis influences energy metabolism, anti-inflammatory responses, and immune regulation, and these results highlight significant differences in energy metabolism pathways. These findings suggest that the differential composition of intestinal flora, along with alterations in intestinal metabolites and metabolic pathways, contribute to the compromised integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier and disturbances in energy metabolism in patients with severe AP.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11526647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR-Cas system positively regulates virulence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.","authors":"Nandita Sharma, Ankita Das, Abhilash Vijay Nair, Palash Sethi, Vidya Devi Negi, Dipshikha Chakravortty, Sandhya Amol Marathe","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00653-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00653-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Salmonella, a foodborne pathogen, possesses a type I-E clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated (Cas) system. We investigated the system's role in regulating Salmonella virulence by deleting the CRISPR arrays and Cas operon.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study demonstrates invasion and proliferation defects of CRISPR-Cas knockout strains in intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages owing to the repression of invasion and virulence genes. However, proliferation defects were not observed in the Gp91^phox-/- macrophages, suggesting the system's role in the pathogens' antioxidant defense. We deduced that the CRISPR-Cas system positively regulates H₂O₂ importer (OmpW), catalase (katG), peroxidase (ahpC), and superoxide dismutase (soda and sodCI), thereby protecting the cells from oxidative radicals. The knockout strains were attenuated in in-vivo infection models (Caenorhabditis elegans and BALB/c mice) due to hypersensitivity against antimicrobial peptides, complement proteins, and oxidative stress. The attenuation in virulence was attributed to the suppression of LPS modifying (pmr) genes, antioxidant genes, master regulators, and effectors of the SPI-1 (invasion) and SPI-2 (proliferation) islands in knockout strains. The regulation could be attributed to the partial complementarity of the CRISPR spacers with these genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, our study extends our understanding of the role of the CRISPR-Cas system in Salmonella pathogenesis and its virulence determinants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-genome sequencing analyses and antibiotic resistance situation of 48 Helicobacter pylori strains isolated in Zhejiang, China.","authors":"Yunhui Fang, Shiman Jiang, Xinxin Zhou, Wangxiao Zhou, Xinrong Jiang, Lifeng Chen, Mengting Wang, Yunbo Chen, Lanjuan Li","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00656-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00656-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In the Zhejiang region, research on Helicobacter pylori is lacking. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent of antibiotic resistance in H. pylori in this region, explore alternative methods for predicting the resistance patterns of H. pylori, and investigate the colonization of native gastric mucosa by other clades of H. pylori in the structure population of this bacterium.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Strains were cultured under microaerobic conditions, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed via agar dilution. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed via next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Epidemiological data including data from this study and reported articles from Zhejiang, China, were included. Further analyses based on AST, WGS, and epidemiological date include virulence genes, antibiotic resistance-related mutations, and phylogenetic trees based on 7 housekeeping genes and core-genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The bacterial isolates in this study presented higher antibiotic resistance rates than previously reported, especially against levofloxacin and clarithromycin. The point mutation A2147G in 23 S rRNA is specific to clarithromycin resistance. Mutations at position/s 87 and/or 91 of the gyrA gene amino acid sequence are highly consistent with levofloxacin resistance highly. The point mutations C1707T in 23 S rRNA and E463K in the gyrB gene have not been previously documented in China. All the bacterial isolates belong to Asian branches in the structure population. The resistance rate to clarithromycin of isolates from hosts born after January 1, 1977 is statistically higher than that of hosts born before 1977.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Eradication therapy based on AST results is urgently needed in Zhejiang. The point mutation A2147G in 23 S rRNA and point mutations in the gyrA gene at amino acid/s 87 and/or 91 are sufficient for predicting resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin, respectively. The isolate with the mutation E463K in the gyrB gene represents a significant contribution to the field. Mutations in 23 S rRNA may offer valuable insights into the dynamics of H. pylori transmission among hosts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infectious etiology of intussusception in Indian children less than 2 years old: a matched case-control analysis.","authors":"Ira Praharaj, Samarasimha Nusi Reddy, Nayana Prabhakaran Nair, Jacqueline Elizabeth Tate, Sidhartha Giri, Varunkumar Thiyagarajan, Venkata Raghava Mohan, Rajendiran Revathi, Kalaivanan Maheshwari, Priya Hemavathy, Nirmal Kumar, Mohan Digambar Gupte, Rashmi Arora, Sowmiya Senthamizh, Suhasini Mekala, Krishna Babu Goru, Padmalatha Pamu, Manohar Badur, Subal Pradhan, Mrutunjay Dash, Nirmal Kumar Mohakud, Rajib Kumar Ray, Geetha Gathwala, Madhu Gupta, Ravi Kanojia, Rajkumar Gupta, Suresh Goyal, Pramod Sharma, Mannancheril Abraham Mathew, Tarun John Kochukaleekal Jacob, Balasubramanian Sundaram, Chethrapilly Purusothaman Girish Kumar, Priyadarshini Dorairaj, Ramasubramaniam Pitchumani, Raghul Maniam, Sambandan Kumaravel, Hemant Jain, Jayanta Kumar Goswami, Ashish Wakhlu, Vineeta Gupta, Jie Liu, Eric R Houpt, Umesh D Parashar, Gagandeep Kang","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00659-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00659-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enteric infections are hypothesized to be associated with intussusception in children. A small increase in intussusception following rotavirus vaccination has been seen in some settings. We conducted post-marketing surveillance for intussusception following rotavirus vaccine, Rotavac introduction in India and evaluated association of intussusception with enteric pathogens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a case-control study nested within a large sentinel hospital-based surveillance program in India, stool samples from 272 children aged less than 2 years admitted for intussusception and 272 age-, gender- and location-matched controls were evaluated with Taqman array card based molecular assays to detect enteric viruses, bacterial enteropathogens and parasites. Matched case-control analysis with conditional logistic regression evaluated association of enteropathogens with intussusception. Population attributable fractions (PAF) were calculated for enteropathogens significantly associated with intussusception.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most prevalent enteropathogens in cases and controls were enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, adenovirus 40/41, adenovirus C serotypes and enteroviruses. Children with intussusception were more likely to harbor adenovirus C serotypes (adjusted odds-ratio (aOR) = 1.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-2.87) and enteroviruses (aOR = 1.77; 95% CI 1.05-2.97) than controls. Rotavirus was not associated with increased intussusception risk. Adenovirus C (PAF = 16.9%; 95% CI 4.7% - 27.6%) and enteroviruses (PAF = 14.7%; 95% CI 4.2% - 24.1%) had the highest population attributable fraction for intussusception.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adenovirus C serotypes and enteroviruses were significantly associated with intussusception in Indian children. Rotavirus was not associated with risk of intussusception.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal glycoprotein 2 is a marker of gut microbiota dysbiosis and systemic inflammation.","authors":"Fabian Frost, Stefan Weiss, Johannes Hertel, Malte Rühlemann, Corinna Bang, Andre Franke, Matthias Nauck, Marcus Dörr, Henry Völzke, Dirk Roggenbuck, Peter Schierack, Uwe Völker, Georg Homuth, Ali A Aghdassi, Matthias Sendler, Markus M Lerch, Frank U Weiss","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00657-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13099-024-00657-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial autoantigenic glycoprotein 2 (GP2) is an important component of the innate immune system which originates from the exocrine pancreas as well as from the small intestines. The relationship of GP2 with the intestinal microbiome as well as the systemic implications of increased fecal GP2 levels are, however, still unclear. Therefore, fecal samples from 2,812 individuals of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) were collected to determine GP2 levels (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and gut microbiota profiles (16 S rRNA gene sequencing). These data were correlated and associated with highly standardised and comprehensive phenotypic data of the study participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fecal GP2 levels were increased in individuals with higher body mass index and smokers, whereas lower levels were found in case of preserved exocrine pancreatic function, female sex or a healthier diet. Moreover, higher GP2 levels were associated with increased serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, loss of gut microbial diversity and an increase of potentially detrimental bacteria (Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Clostridium XIVa, or Collinsella). At the same time, predicted microbial pathways for the biosynthesis of beneficial short-chain fatty acids or lactic acid were depleted in individuals with high fecal GP2. Of note, GP2 exhibited a stronger association to overall microbiome variation than calprotectin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fecal GP2 is a biomarker of gut microbiota dysbiosis and associated with increased systemic inflammation. The intestines may be more important as origin for GP2 than pancreatic acinar cells. Future studies need to investigate the potential clinical value in disease specific patient cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11490104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the overlooked fungi: the vital of gut fungi in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.","authors":"Yilin Huang, Yang Wang, Xiaotian Huang, Xiaomin Yu","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00651-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-024-00651-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fungi of the human microbiota play important roles in the nutritional metabolism and immunological balance of the host. Recently, research has increasingly emphasised the role of fungi in modulating inflammation in intestinal diseases and maintaining health in this environment. It is therefore necessary to understand more clearly the interactions and mechanisms of the microbiota/pathogen/host relationship and the resulting inflammatory processes, as well as to offer new insights into the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal cancer (CRC) and other intestinal pathologies. In this review, we comprehensively elucidate the fungal-associated pathogenic mechanisms of intestinal inflammation in IBD and related CRC, with an emphasis on three main aspects: the direct effects of fungi and their metabolites on the host, the indirect effects mediated by interactions with other intestinal microorganisms and the immune regulation of the host. Understanding these mechanisms will enable the development of innovative approaches based on the use of fungi from the resident human microbiota such as dietary interventions, fungal probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of intestinal diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11481806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142463317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary patterns drive loss of fiber-foraging species in the celiac disease patients gut microbiota compared to first-degree relatives.","authors":"Ana Roque, Joyce Zanker, Sara Brígido, Maria Beatriz Tomaz, André Gonçalves, Sandra Barbeiro, Alfonso Benítez-Páez, Sónia Gonçalves Pereira","doi":"10.1186/s13099-024-00643-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-024-00643-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals that primarily affects the small intestine. Studies have reported differentially abundant bacterial taxa in the gut microbiota of celiac patients compared with non-celiac controls. However, findings across studies have inconsistencies and no microbial signature of celiac disease has been defined so far.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we showed, by comparing celiac patients with their non-celiac 1st-degree relatives, that bacterial communities of related individuals have similar species occurrence and abundance compared with non-relatives, regardless the disease status. We also found in celiac patients a loss of bacterial species associated with fiber degradation, and host metabolic and immune modulation, as ruminiclostridia, ruminococci, Prevotella, and Akkermansia muciniphila species. We demonstrated that the differential abundance of bacterial species correlates to different dietary patterns observed between the two groups. For instance, Ruminiclostridium siraeum, Ruminococcus bicirculans, and Bacteroides plebeious, recognized as fiber-degraders, appear more abundant in non-celiac 1st-degree relatives, which have a vegetable consumption pattern higher than celiac patients. Pattern of servings per day also suggests a possible link between these species' abundance and daily calorie intake.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, we evidenced that a kinship approach could be valuable in unveiling potential celiac disease microbial traits, as well as the significance of dietary factors in shaping microbial profiles and their influence on disease development and progression. Our results pave the way for designing and adopting novel dietary strategies based on gluten-free fiber-enriched ingredients to improve disease management and patients' quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":12833,"journal":{"name":"Gut Pathogens","volume":"16 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}