Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Exploration of the cutoff values of axial length that is susceptible to develop advanced primary open angle glaucoma in patients aged less than 50 years.","authors":"Kenji Suda, Masahiro Miyake, Tadamichi Akagi, Hanako Ohashi Ikeda, Takanori Kameda, Tomoko Hasegawa, Shogo Numa, Akitaka Tsujikawa","doi":"10.1007/s00417-025-06827-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-025-06827-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the correlation of the spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length with the visual field, and to determine cutoff values of SER and axial length for the risk of developing advanced primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with POAG or secondary glaucoma were retrospectively enrolled from a clinical database at Kyoto University Hospital between August 2011 and December 2018. Correlations between the mean deviation (MD) and axial length were evaluated in these patients using the Pearson's correlation coefficient. Advanced POAG was defined as having an MD of less than -12 dB as measured by the Humphrey visual field analyzer (HFA). The cutoff values of the axial length and SER for the risk of developing advanced POAG were determined using Fisher's exact test and Youden's J statistic for HFA 24-2 and 10-2, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 741 eyes of 438 patients. In POAG, axial length was negatively correlated with the MDs of the HFA 24-2 and 10-2. However, in secondary glaucoma, axial length did not significantly correlate with the MDs of the HFA. The cutoff axial length for the HFA 24-2 was 27.7 mm. For HFA 10-2, two peaks for the Youden's J statistic were observed, at 27.67 mm and 25.51 mm. No significant association was found between SER and severity of visual field changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Axial length measurement was clinically significant in assessing risk of severe or central visual field defects in young patients with POAG.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"2631-2639"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12513891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anterior-Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of Patients Undergoing Supraciliary Glaucoma Drainage Device Implantation.","authors":"Julien Torbey, Amir Nassri, Harsha L Rao, Kaweh Mansouri","doi":"10.1007/s00417-025-06823-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-025-06823-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To evaluate anatomical changes after implantation of a novel supraciliary minimally invasive glaucoma drainage device using swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Monocentric prospective interventional case series. Forty-eight eyes with open-angle glaucoma underwent standalone or combined MINIject (MJ) implantation and were imaged postoperatively using AS-OCT at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Implant depth (D), implant position (O), cleft width (CW) in Circumferential Lake (CL) or Cleft Angle (CA), the amount of suprachoroidal fluid (SCF), and number of quadrants with visible SCF were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following MJ implantation, intraocular pressure (IOP) significantly decreased from 22.5 ± 9.0 mmHg to 14.1 ± 6.4 mmHg (p < 0.001) at 6 months, with concurrent reduction in ocular hypotensive medications from 2.4 ± 1.2 to 0.4 ± 0.9 (p < 0.001). SCF grading decreased from 3.1 ± 1.0 on day 1 to 1.5 ± 1.1 at 6 months (p < 0.001). Cleft width grade measured in length (CL) remained stable from 3.3 ± 0.9 to 3.2 ± 0.6 (p = 0.8), and arc-angle(CA) decreased from 35.9 ± 8.8 to 30.2 ± 7.1 degrees at 6 months (p = 0.07). The number of quadrants with visible SCF decreased from 3.7 ± 0.8 to 2.2 ± 1.6 (p < 0.001). Implant depth and orientation remained stable, with 45.5% of implants anterior, 33.3% at Schwalbe's line, and 21.2% behind it. Implant orientation varied, with 13.0% touching the iris, 69.6% pointing toward the anterior chamber, and 17.4% directed at the cornea.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AS-OCT is a noninvasive tool for imaging the supraciliary and suprachoroidal space after MINIject implantation. Over 6 months, we found a gradual decrease in the amount of SCF drainage and the number of quadrants with visible SCF. Cleft width remained stable and was not statistically associated with IOP lowering.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"2609-2617"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topical insulin as a novel treatment for persistent epithelial defects and other ocular surface disorders: a systematic review.","authors":"Raluca Bievel Radulescu, Stefano Ferrari, Horia T Stanca, Diego Ponzin","doi":"10.1007/s00417-025-06840-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-025-06840-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Through this systematic review, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of topical eye insulin in different concentrations to treat several surface ocular pathologies, including: persistent epithelial defects, diabetic keratopathy after a vitrectomy, neutrophic keratopathy and dry eye syndrome. We have consolidated through the data, what are the doses used, the methods of preparation for insulin, whether there are adverse effects and what would be the effectiveness of the eye drops with insulin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We carried out an extensive search including Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web Of Science. We found 43 relevant studies, after which we excluded duplicates, animal studies, case reports, we ended up with 13 studies to include in the article. Through the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies and the Jadad scale for randomized controlled trials, we investigated the methodological quality of these articles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within the review we included a significant number of 268 patients who used eye drops with insulin in concentrations from 0.5 to 2 U/ml administered typically four times per day, having an ocular benefit in corneal healing rates without adverse effects. The quality analysis of the included studies showed a NOS score of moderate-high quality, whereas the Jadad scale showed a high quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our systematic review demonstrates that topical insulin is a promising therapeutic option for persistent epithelial defects, diabetic keratopathy following vitrectomy, neurotrophic keratopathy, and dry eye syndrome, significantly enhancing corneal healing rates with a favorable safety profile. Given its accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and potential superiority over conventional treatments, topical insulin could serve as an alternative or adjunct to therapies such as autologous serum and amniotic membrane transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"2427-2445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One year follow up of descemet stripping only: corneal tomography changes and visual acuity outcomes.","authors":"Alberto Villarrubia Cuadrado, Álvaro Sánchez-Ventosa, Timoteo González-Cruces, Vanessa Díaz-Mesa, Marta Villalva-González, Elisa Palacín Miranda, María Dolores López Pérez, Javier Gersol Pérez-Angulo, José Carlos Díaz-Ramos, Antonio Cano-Ortiz","doi":"10.1007/s00417-025-06747-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-025-06747-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Descemet Stripping Only (DSO) is a minimally invasive procedure for Fuchs' Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD) that leverages peripheral endothelial regeneration without donor tissue. This study evaluates visual and anatomical outcomes of DSO and the role of guttae distribution in recovery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective study included 30 eyes of FECD patients undergoing DSO. Patients were classified by guttae distribution: type A (central) or type B (0º-180º meridian). Preoperative and postoperative outcomes, including corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), central corneal thickness (CCT), and endothelial cell density (ECD), were assessed over 12 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 26 patients completing follow-up, 42.31% achieved a CDVA ≥ 0.22 logMAR by week 4, and 84.62% by month 12. Type B patients recovered faster, reaching CDVA ≥ 0.10 logMAR in 56 days versus 112 days for type A. Mean CCT improved from 606.96 ± 60.97 μm to 550.40 ± 29.67 μm (p = 0.0001). Postoperative ECD averaged 1402.7 ± 130.56 cells/mm². Corneal densitometry improved significantly but remained higher than controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DSO is an effective treatment for FECD with adequate peripheral endothelial reserve. Guttae distribution affects recovery speed, but final outcomes are similar. If no improvement occurs by the third month, a rescue DMEK is effective. Keratometry remains unchanged, epithelial thickness slightly increases, and corneal densitometry improves postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>What is know: DSO is a donor-free surgical option for endothelial dystrophies like Fuchs' dystrophy, utilizing the eye's natural endothelial regenerative capacity in selected patients. Success relies on residual endothelial cell density and biomarkers like preoperative corneal thickness to predict regeneration outcomes.</p><p><strong>What is new: </strong>Pattern of guttae distribution influences recovery timeline in DSO: Patients with type B guttae distribution (0º-180º meridian) achieve a CDVA of 0.1 logMAR faster than those with type A (central guttae), though finalvisual acuity, pachymetry, and endothelial cell density are similar at 12 months. DSO as an effective treatment for fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy: Descemet stripping only achieves corneal clearance in most cases within 3-4 months, with significant CDVA and quality of life improvements (NEI VFQ-25 scores), supporting its role as a minimally invasive alternative to donor graft surgeries.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"2593-2608"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of markers predicting clinical course in patients with Behcet disease by combination of machine learning and unbiased clustering analysis.","authors":"Kinya Tsubota, Yoshihiko Usui, Hiroyuki Shimizu, Hiroshi Goto","doi":"10.1007/s00417-025-06850-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-025-06850-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystem inflammatory disorder with diverse clinical manifestations. Identifying biomarkers predictive of clinical outcomes, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor initiation and ocular inflammatory attack frequency, is critical for improving management. This study aimed to identify biomarkers predicting the clinical course of BD using peripheral blood test data and unbiased clustering combined with machine learning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study of 238 BD patients diagnosed at Tokyo Medical University Hospital (2004-2020) was conducted. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was applied to peripheral blood data, dividing patients into distinct groups. Machine learning techniques were used to explore biomarkers predicting the clinical course.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cluster analysis identified four groups: Group A (low C-reactive protein), Group B (high angiotensin-converting enzyme), Group C (high anti-streptolysin O), and Group D (low neutrophil count). Group C had a higher rate of TNF inhibitor initiation (47%, p = 0.04), while Group D had fewer ocular inflammation attacks per year (1.4, p = 0.04). Logistic regression analysis identified red blood cell count (p < 0.01) and monocyte percentage (p = 0.02) as predictive biomarkers for TNF inhibitor initiation. Machine learning further confirmed mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) as a significant predictor of TNF inhibitor initiation. Additionally, multiple regression analysis identified the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of the number of inflammatory attacks per year (p = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Unsupervised clustering of blood test data identified distinct BD clinical phenotypes. Monocyte percentage may predict TNF inhibitor initiation, while neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio may predict ocular inflammation frequency, highlighting pathophysiologic heterogeneity in BD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"2641-2650"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12513920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitation in myopic eyes with open-angle glaucoma: association with myopic fundus changes.","authors":"Jing Huang, Nan Luo, Litong Ye, Lu Cheng, Yuzhou Xiang, Yu Yang, Huawen Lu, Jingjing Huang","doi":"10.1007/s00417-025-06822-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-025-06822-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the clinical characteristics and associated risk factors of peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitation (PICC) in myopic eyes with open-angle glaucoma (OAG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, eyes of consecutive participants were categorized into the myopia only group and the myopia with OAG group. PICC was identified by radial scans centered on the optic disc using optical coherence tomography. The myopic maculopathy, optic disc morphology, and visual field defect were also assessed. The prevalence of PICC was compared between the two groups, and risk factors of PICC in the myopia with OAG group were investigated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 775 enrolled myopic eyes with or without OAG, 58 eyes were found to have PICC. Compared with the myopia only group, the myopia with OAG group had a significantly higher prevalence of PICC (10.4% [44/422] vs 4.0% [14/353]) (P = 0.001). In the myopia with OAG group, participants with PICC were older and showed longer axial length, worse BCVA, more severe myopic fundus changes than those without PICC (all P < 0.01). Multivariate regression analysis showed that older age, optic disc tilt, inferior rotation of the optic disc, larger peripapillary atrophy, and posterior staphyloma were risk factors for PICC in the myopia with OAG group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PICC was more prevalent in eyes with myopia and coexisting OAG than in eyes with myopia alone. And risk factors for the presence of PICC in eyes with myopia and coexisting OAG were older age and more severe myopic fundus changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"2619-2629"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of vitrectomy combined with and without cataract surgery for diabetic macular edema: one-year follow-up multi-center study in Japan.","authors":"Yutaka Yamada, Yoshihiro Takamura, Kazuma Saito, Akira Minamoto, Gaku Ishigooka, Takashi Koto, Yuki Nakano, Eiko Tsuiki, Hiroto Terasaki, Miho Shimizu, Masayo Kimura, Yoshinori Mitamura, Reio Sekine, Yutaro Mizusawa, Takao Hirano, Tomoyuki Oyama, Takeshi Iwase, Fumiaki Higashijima, Hisashi Matsubara, Masaru Inatani","doi":"10.1007/s00417-025-06845-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-025-06845-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of vitrectomy, with and without cataract surgery, for diabetic macular edema (DME) in Japan.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted at 22 sites in Japan and enrolled patients who underwent vitrectomy either without (VIT group) or with (VIT + CS group) cataract surgery. Central retinal thickness (CRT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were measured before surgery and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 722 patients with DME (482 in the VIT + CS group and 240 in the VIT group) were enrolled. CRT significantly decreased after 1 month and continued thereafter in both groups. BCVA significantly improved at 1 month in the VIT + CS group and at 6 months in the VIT group. In both groups, regardless of epiretinal membrane removal, CRT and BCVA significantly improved, with no additional benefit from concomitant internal limiting membrane peeling. The change in BCVA was significantly correlated with the change in CRT during 6 months postoperatively in all patients and in the VIT group. Patients with worse preoperative visual acuity had a higher likelihood of improved BCVA at 6 and 12 months after surgery. No significant difference in BCVA was observed before and after surgery in patients with a preoperative visual acuity of 20/40 or better. However, in patients with a visual acuity of 20/50 or worse, BCVA significantly improved 1 month after surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vitrectomy is anatomically and functionally effective for DME, and combined cataract surgery is beneficial in DME cases with cataracts. Patients with poor preoperative BCVA improved, while those with good vision maintained it. However, better preoperative vision increased the risk of postoperative deterioration, underscoring the need for careful evaluation of surgical indications.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>What is known In vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema (DME), DRCR.net showed that 13-31% of patients experience decreased vision despite reduced edema, leaving the efficacy of vitrectomy uncertain. What is new Our multicenter study demonstrated that vitrectomy with and without cataract surgery was effective in improving central retinal thickness and visual acuity in the patients with DME. Better preoperative visual acuity increased the risk of postoperative decline, and thus the need for careful evaluation of surgical indications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"2651-2662"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12513882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143984001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How early can we detect diabetic retinopathy? A narrative review of imaging tools for structural assessment of the retina.","authors":"Megan Vaughan, Philip Denmead, Nicole Tay, Ranjan Rajendram, Michel Michaelides, Emily Patterson","doi":"10.1007/s00417-025-06828-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-025-06828-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite current screening models, enhanced imaging modalities, and treatment regimens, diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains one of the leading causes of vision loss in working age adults. DR can result in irreversible structural and functional retinal damage, leading to visual impairment and reduced quality of life. Given potentially irreversible photoreceptor damage, diagnosis and treatment at the earliest stages will provide the best opportunity to avoid visual disturbances or retinopathy progression. We will review herein the current structural imaging methods used for DR assessment and their capability of detecting DR in the first stages of disease. Imaging tools, such as fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, fundus fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography angiography and adaptive optics-assisted imaging will be reviewed. Finally, we describe the future of DR screening programmes and the introduction of artificial intelligence as an innovative approach to detecting subtle changes in the diabetic retina. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: N/A.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"2413-2425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12513903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracellular dark endothelial spots: A new imaging biomarker for the development of bullous keratopathy after cataract surgery.","authors":"Taiyo Shijo, Yukari Yagi-Yaguchi, Osama Ibrahim, Hirotsugu Kasamatsu, Yurina Mori-Ogiwara, Daisuke Tomida, Hisashi Noma, Dogru Murat, Takefumi Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1007/s00417-025-06846-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-025-06846-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Intracellular dark endothelial spots (IDES) on specular microscopy indicate corneal endothelial stress, and can be an imaging biomarker for subsequent endothelial cell density (ECD) loss after endothelial keratoplasty. This study evaluated the risk factors for the development of bullous keratopathy (BK) by comparing low ECD patients with or without IDES before cataract surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 106 consecutive patients who underwent cataract surgery with a preoperative ECD of less than 1000 cells/mm². The patients were divided into 2 groups according to presence of IDES. The medical charts were retrospectively reviewed for preoperative central corneal thickness (CCT), ECD, anterior chamber depth (ACD), presence of IDES, presence of guttae, grade of nuclear sclerosis, intraoperative posterior capsule rupture (PCR) and development of BK after cataract surgery. The clinical factors were compared in patients with or without IDES and the risk factors for BK after cataract surgery were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean preoperative ECD was 687 ± 124 cells/mm². IDES were observed in 41 eyes (38.7%). IDES were significantly more common in eyes with shallow ACD than in those with deep ACD (P = 0.033). Twenty-two eyes (20.8%) developed BK after cataract surgery. IDES were significantly associated with the development of BK (31.7%) compared to those without BK (13.9%, P = 0.03). CCT, nuclear sclerosis, PCR, and IDES were identified as significant risk factors for postoperative BK (P < 0.0083).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IDES can be used as a new imaging biomarker that suggests a potential risk for development of BK in patients with shallow anterior chamber who are to undergo cataract surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"2585-2592"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal oximetry: new insights into ocular and systemic diseases.","authors":"Weixing Zhang, Xueer Tu, Xun Wang, Duoru Lin, Dong Liu, Weiyi Lai, Andi Xu, Jingyi Wen, Haotian Lin","doi":"10.1007/s00417-025-06831-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-025-06831-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinal oximetry, which refers to the measurement of the oxygen saturation of haemoglobin in retinal blood, has emerged as a promising tool for understanding ocular and systemic diseases over the past few decades. Advances in traditional dual-wavelength measurement techniques, as well as their integration with more advanced technologies, have driven significant progress in the field. Researchers have utilised commercially available devices to explore the applications of retinal oximetry in both healthy individuals and various disease states. To provide a comprehensive overview of the current status and development trends of retinal oximetry in ophthalmology, this review analyses relevant studies on retinal oximetry, including its principles, techniques, instrumentation, and applications in healthy individuals, ocular diseases, and systemic disorders. As a biomarker, retinal oximetry provides reliable insights into the retinal and systemic microcirculation in a noninvasive, rapid, and convenient manner. It has demonstrated potential value in the measurement of standardised data and in contributing to the understanding of disease mechanisms. However, its measurement accuracy is influenced by factors such as vessel diameter, retinal pigmentation, and optical media transparency. Future advancements, including wide-field imaging technology, nonmydriatic technology, integration with blood flow measurement techniques, and artificial intelligence, are expected to further improve the accuracy and clinical application potential of retinal oximetry.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"2101-2115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12414079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}