Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Angiographic features of pediatric stage 4 familial exudative vitreoretinopathy with radial retinal folds.","authors":"Wenting Zhang, Xuerui Zhang, Haodong Xiao, Huanyu Liu, Yuan Yang, Jie Peng, Peiquan Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06668-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-024-06668-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe vascular anomalies and nonperfusion areas (NPAs) of stage 4 familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) with radial retinal folds (RFs) and analyze their potential clinical significance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retinal detachment (RD) could exceed the RFs due to exudative, rhegmatogenous, or tractional factors, which we could call secondary RD. Fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) and risk factors for progression to secondary RD of pediatric stage 4 FEVR patients with radial RFs were respectively explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-eight eyes with RFs from 49 stage 4 pediatric FEVR patients were studied. Various angiographic changes were noted, including peripheral NPAs (93.1%), thinning retinal arteries (48.3%), straightened retinal vessels (34.5%), supernumerary vascular branching (32.8%), arteriovenous shunt (20.7%), aberrant circumferential vessels (13.8%), bulbous vascular endings (10.3%) and peripheral vascular dilation (6.9%). Nineteen (35.2%), 21(38.2%), and 14 (25.9%) of 58 eyes showed severe, moderate, and mild peripheral NPAs, respectively. The rate of secondary RDwas higher in eyes with severe peripheral NPAs (p = 0.004). The severity of the nonperfusion area (p = 0.040) was higher in eyes with exudation. Eight eyes (42.1%) with exudation and 12 eyes (30.8%) without exudation on color fundus pictures exhibited fluorescein leakage (p = 0.394). The rate of secondary RD was 26.3% in eyes with exudation, and 2.6% in eyes without exudation (p = 0.012).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The majority of stage 4 FEVR eyes with RFs have severe peripheral NPAs. Exudation is related to more severe peripheral NPAs. Exudation and NPAs are predictive factors for secondary RD.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>What is known • Radial retinal folds are a typical clinical sign of FEVR, observed in 50.9% of FEVR patients, but little is known about the angiographic characteristics of these individuals. What is new • The severity of the nonperfusion area was graded into 3 levels. The severity of the nonperfusion area and hard exudation are risk factors for progression to total retinal detachment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant increase of firework induced eye injuries in Germany and The Netherlands- are we doing enough to protect minors and bystanders?","authors":"Ameli Gabel-Pfisterer, Stefan Johann Lang, Daniel Boehringer, Hansjürgen Agostini, Lotte C de Geus, Jan Tjeerd de Faber","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06677-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-024-06677-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>After 2 years of pandemic sales ban, on New Year`s Eve 2022/23 consumer firework articles were officially available again in Germany and the Netherlands.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the Netherlands we prospectively and anonymously collected data on patients treated for firework induced eye injuries from 2009 on, in Germany since 2016.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Around New Year ́s Eve 2022/23 the number of patients with firework inflicted eye injuries increased in the Netherlands to 133 and in Germany to 838. In both countries the participation of eye departments was 90%. The incidence of firework induced eye injuries in the Netherlands was 0,8 /100 000 in 2022/23, in Germany 1,0 /100 000 in 2022/23. Comparing age groups of minors with firework induced eye injuries, in the Netherlands, total numbers of children below 12 years was lower than total numbers of adolescents between 12 and 17 years. Yet, in Germany from 2016 on every year, total number of children below 12 years were higher than total number of adolescents. The number of patients who reported on being injured as bystander was between 34% in 2020/21 and 53% in both countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While the incidence of firework induced eye injuries in the Netherlands was reduced due to awareness campaigns and regulatory work, the incidence was increasing on the first New Year`s Eve after the pandemic regulations of consumer fireworks in Germany. Especially young children below 12 years need more protection in Germany. In both countries, effective measures of protection need to be implemented for protection of bystanders, whose numbers were low during the first pandemic years.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>What is known: overrepresentation of affected minors below 18 years and a rate of up to 50% of injured bystanders according to our data collection over 15 years in the Netherlands and 7 years in Germany What is new: In 2022/2023, total numbers of patients with fire work induced eye injuries in the Netherlands and Germany increased significantly after 2 years of pandemic regulations with a sales ban of consumer fire work articles In 2022/23, incidence of firework induced eye injuries is 1/100 000 in Germany, 0,8/100 000 in the Netherlands Among affected minors in Germany school children up to 12 years are at higher risk than adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for early and late retinal detachment after Boston type I keratoprosthesis surgery.","authors":"Eva Calpe, Jorge Fernández-Engroba, Gemma Julio, Rafael I Barraquer","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06702-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-024-06702-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of corneal consumption in correcting high with-the-rule astigmatism between refractive lenticule extraction and laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis.","authors":"Mingrui Li, Zhouyang Chen, Songwei Chen, Xinliang Cheng, Can Jiang, Hui Chen, Ying Yu","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06704-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-024-06704-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare corneal thickness (CT) and corneal volume (CV) consumption after the refractive lenticule extraction and the femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) in myopic eyes with high with-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>70 myopic eyes (50 patients) with high WTR astigmatism (-2.00 to -3.25 D) received refractive lenticule extraction (35 eyes) or FS-LASIK (35 eyes) in this retrospective study. Predicted central corneal thickness (CCT) consumption was obtained from the corresponding laser platform software. The CT in different positions (thinnest location, center, around the thinnest location at 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm rings and four different directions points in every ring), and CV in different areas (around the CCT at 3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm, and 10 mm zone) were measured via corneal tomography before surgeries and at 1, 3, and 6-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the postoperative examination indicated that refractive lenticule extraction and FS-LASIK had proximate satisfaction, safety, accuracy, and stability. In SMILE group and FS-LASIK group, the predicted CCT consumption was 111.66 ± 13.08 μm and 103.26 ± 12.79 μm, respectively (P = 0.010). At the 6-month follow-up, the actual changes of CCT in two groups were 96.71 ± 12.88 μm and 114.74 ± 16.42 μm, respectively (P < 0.001). The reduction of CCT was overestimated by 14.94 ± 8.42 μm (P < 0.001) in SMILE group, while it was underestimated by 11.34 ± 7.61 μm (P < 0.001) in FS-LASIK group. The ΔCT (every area and each point) was significantly lower than in FS-LASIK group at 3 postoperative time points (1, 3, 6 months) in SMILE group. The data showed that ΔCV of all areas (3, 5, 7, 10-mm diameter area) in SMILE group was significantly fewer than FS-LASIK group in each follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Refractive lenticule extraction had less consumption in CT and CV compared with FS-LASIK in equivalent refractive error. In refractive lenticule extraction, the CCT consumption has been overrated, whereas underrated in FS-LASIK. Compared with refractive lenticule extraction, the actual CCT changes of FS-LASIK approached the predicted value.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>What is known Corneal consumption is known as the important index in the treatment of refractive lenticule extraction and the femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) for patients who suffer from myopia with astigmatism. What is new This study evaluated corneal thickness (CT) and corneal volume (CV) consumption of myopic patients with high with-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism before and after refractive lenticule extraction and FS-LASIK. There was less ΔCT and ΔCV consumption in SMILE group compared with FS-LASIK group in patients with high WTR astigmatism. The predictability of CCT consumption in FS-LASIK is better than in refractive lenticule extraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology-170th anniversary interview with editor-in Chief-Vas Sadda.","authors":"Diana Epstein","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06635-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-024-06635-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"3737-3739"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between oxidative stress level and diabetic retinopathy severity.","authors":"Tatsu Okabe, Hiroshi Kunikata, Masayuki Yasuda, Toru Nakazawa","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06563-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-024-06563-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"4017-4020"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141467442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Povidone-iodine in vitro antiseptic efficacy as a function of exposure duration, concentration, preparation, and length of storage.","authors":"Christina M Ambrosino, Leo L Shen, Heba Mahjoub, Warda Memon, Sean X Zhang, Mark P Breazzano","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06571-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-024-06571-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although 5% povidone-iodine (PVP-I) is frequently used as an ocular antiseptic agent, there is a lack of consensus regarding the effects of PVP-I concentration, storage after opening, and compounded preparation on PVP-I antisepsis. We performed a series of in-vitro experiments to determine the impact of these factors on PVP-I's inhibition of common causes of post-procedural eye infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Inhibition of microorganism growth was measured in-vitro as a function of active PVP-I exposure time. In control experiments, PVP-I was inactivated before microorganism exposure. Tested PVP-I solutions varied in concentration (0.6%, 5%, or 10%), length of storage after opening (0, 7, or 30 days), and preparation (commercial vs.compounded from stock PI solution). Tested pathogens included S. epidermidis, S. viridans, P. aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, methicillin-sensitive S. aureus, and C. albicans.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PVP-I solutions inhibited all bacterial growth by 3 min and fungal growth by 15 s. Compared to 5% PVP-I, the 0.6% PVP-I was less effective in inhibiting S. viridans growth (200 ± 0 colonies vs. 7 ± 8 at 30 s, P = 0.0004; 183 ± 21 vs. 0 ± 0 at 1 min, P = 0.018), but more effective in inhibiting P. aeruginosa (30 ± 20 vs. 200 ± 0 at 15 s, P = 0.019). Compared to commercial and newly-opened PVP-I solutions, compounded preparations and solutions stored for 7 or 30 days after bottle opening either preserved or improved antiseptic efficacy against tested microorganisms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Concentration of PVP-I solution affects antiseptic efficacy within 1 min of exposure, but all solutions performed equivalently at 3 min. In contrast to results of prior studies investigating dilute PVP-I, the 0.6% PVP-I did not demonstrate a uniformly equivalent or superior anti-septic effect. Compounded preparation and storage length after bottle opening did not decrease PVP-I antiseptic activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"4005-4012"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141537816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The \"triple-layer sign\": an optical coherence tomography signature for the detection of non-exudative macular neovascularization.","authors":"Vittorio Capuano, Riccardo Sacconi, Alexandra Miere, Enrico Borrelli, Francesca Amoroso, Eliana Costanzo, Mariacristina Parravano, Serena Fragiotta, Francesco Bandello, Eric H Souied, Giuseppe Querques","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06585-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-024-06585-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the sensitivity and specificity of the \"triple layer sign\" (TLS) (retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), neovascular tissue, and Bruch's membrane) on structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) images for the diagnosis of treatment-naïve non-exudative type-1 macular neovascularization (NE-MNV) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two masked retinal experts evaluated the presence of the TLS in eyes with NE-MNV and controls with an RPE elevation without exudation due to other causes than NE-MNV in AMD [e.g., medium-large drusen, cuticular drusen, basal laminar deposits (BlamD)].</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>130 eyes of 98 consecutive patients met the study criteria; 40 eyes of 40 patients satisfied the criteria for being included in the NE-MNV secondary to AMD group (27 females, 13 males, with a mean age of 73.8 ± 8.0 years), and 90 eyes of 58 patients met the criteria to be included in the control group (31 eyes were included in the medium-to-large drusen sub-group, 32 eyes in the cuticular drusen sub-group, and 27 eyes in the BlamD group. The TLS was observed in 39/40 patients with NE-MNV and 8/90 controls. The sensitivity and specificity of the TLS for the diagnosis of NE-MNV were 97% and 91%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The TLS on OCT demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity values in detecting treatment-naive type 1 NE-MNV.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"3847-3855"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of preocular and ocular circulatory dynamics on the vascular density of retinal capillary plexuses and choriocapillaris.","authors":"Rodolphe Vallée, Dilsah Körpe, Jean-Noël Vallée, Georgios N Tsiropoulos, Daniela Gallo Castro, Irmela Mantel, Constantin J Pournaras, Aude Ambresin","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06544-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-024-06544-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To highlight the influence of preocular and ocular vascular circulatory dynamics on the vascular density (VD) of retinal capillary plexuses (RCPs) and choriocapillaris (CC) in patients with and without cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective observational study in patients with and without CVR factors (type 1 and 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia). Fluorescein (FA) and indocyanine (ICGA) angiography circulatory times were arterial time (FA_AT), start (FA_startLF) and end (FA_endLF) of laminar flow, and arterial time (ICGA_AT), respectively. OCT angiography VDs were superficial (VD_SCP) and deep (VD_DCP) RCPs and CC (VD_CC) VDs. Correlation and regression analysis were performed after adjusting for confounding factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>177 eyes of 177 patients (mean age: 65.2 ± 15.9 years, n = 92 with and 85 without CVR) were included. VD_SCP and VD_DCP were significantly inversely correlated with FA_AT, FA_startLF and FA_endLF likewise VD_CC with ICGA_AT. Correlations were stronger in patients without CVR than with CVR. CVR, FA_AT, FA_startLF and FA_endLF were more strongly correlated with VD_DCP than VD_SCP. FA_AT, FA_startLF and FA_endLF significantly impacted VD_SCP and VD_DCP, likewise ICGA_AT impacted VD_DCP. VD_DCP was most strongly impacted by FA_AT and FA_startLF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ocular and pre-ocular circulatory dynamics significantly impacted RCPs and CC VDs, especially deep RCP.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"3867-3879"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11608175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141855285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-month outcomes of treatment with faricimab or aflibercept for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a propensity score matching study in a Japanese population.","authors":"Yosuke Fukuda, Shoji Notomi, Satomi Shiose, Yusuke Maehara, Kohei Kiyohara, Kohta Fujiwara, Sawako Hashimoto, Kumiko Kano, Keijiro Ishikawa, Toshio Hisatomi, Koh-Hei Sonoda","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06582-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-024-06582-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to compare the treatment outcomes of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) who initially received faricimab or aflibercept treatment using propensity score matching (PSM) to align patient backgrounds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with treatment-naïve nAMD who received either faricimab or aflibercept for three consecutive monthly injections as the loading phase were enrolled in this study. In the 1:1 PSM, sex, age, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), and AMD subtypes in the pre-treatment state were selected as covariates. We examined the BCVA, CMT, CCT, and remaining fluid at 1-, 2-, and 3-month after the first injection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After PSM, 43 eyes were included in the faricimab and aflibercept group each. Both groups showed significant improvements in BCVA, CMT, and CCT at 1-, 2-, and 3-month after the initial injection compared with baseline. Meanwhile, no significant differences were observed between the two groups at any time point regarding BCVA, CMT, and CCT. At 1-month, 18.6% of patients in the faricimab group and 41.9% in the aflibercept group demonstrated residual subretinal fluid or intraretinal fluid, with a significant difference between the groups (P = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The BCVA improved after three loading injections of both faricimab and aflibercept. Faricimab may provide a favorable early treatment response in reducing subretinal fluid in a Japanese cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"3971-3978"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}