genesis最新文献

{"title":"Giovanna Zaniolo: An inspiring scientist, teacher, mentor, and colleague. Active: 1967–2012","authors":"Lucia Manni, Chiara Anselmi","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23566","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23566","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Giovanna Zaniolo (Figure 1a,b) is a researcher who has made significant contributions to the study of the tunicate <i>Botryllus schlosseri</i> in Italy, as part of a flourishing national community with a rich history dating back to the eighteenth century (Manni et al., <span>2019</span>). Born in 1942 in Vicenza (Italy), Zaniolo enrolled in Biological Science at the University of Padova (Italy) in the early 1960s. She graduated in 1967 with a thesis titled “Observations on the maturation, fertilization and first developmental stages of the <i>Botryllus</i> egg (Ascidiacea)” (Zaniolo, <span>1967</span>; Figure 1c–e; Figure 2a–e). Her mentor during this period was Armando Sabbadin, professor emeritus of the University of Padova (Figure 1b). Shortly after completing her degree, Zaniolo joined the Comparative Anatomy Laboratory at the University of Padova, as a lab assistant. Within 2 years she advanced to the position of lab technician and in 1974 she became an assistant professor of Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates. In 2002 she achieved the rank of full professor. Zaniolo primarily taught Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates where she demonstrated her passion for the subject. She was a dedicated teacher, devoted and rigorous evolutionary biologist, and from the early days of her academic career she enthusiastically joined the budding field of Evolutionary and Developmental Biology (Evo-Devo).</p><p>During her scientific career, Giovanna Zaniolo has produced an impressive publication record covering 50 years of research activity with 55 publications (Table 1; Table S1). Her first publication, a short note written in Italian in 1971, examined the development of budlets of <i>Botryllus schlosseri</i> isolated or transplanted in the colonial matrix (Sabbadin et al., <span>1971</span>). Her most recent publication, published in 2021, focused on the comparative transcriptomic and morphological analyses of sexual and asexual development of <i>B. schlosseri</i> (Kowarsky et al., <span>2021</span>). Zaniolo's publications are predominantly centered on <i>B. schlosseri</i>, her favorite tunicate model. However, she has also made some sporadic digressions into other colonial ascidians.</p><p><i>B. schlosseri</i> is a colonial tunicate characterized by small zooids grouped in star-shaped systems embedded in a common transparent tunic (Manni et al., <span>2007</span>; Figure 1c–e). In this species, fertilization and embryonic development occur within the parental zooids (Kowarsky et al., <span>2021</span>). Upon hatching, the mature larva selects a suitable substrate and metamorphoses in a sessile oozooid, which becomes the founder of a new colony. The larva possesses a small bud, representing the first asexual generation of the colony. Colonies display three generations of zooids developing synchronously, as buds (primary buds) give rise to an additional generation of small buds (secondary buds). During the phase called “takeover,” colonies undergo the cycl","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23566","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71428194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stem cell-mediated development, regeneration, chimerism, and aging in the colonial chordate Botryllus schlosseri","authors":"Ayelet Voskoboynik","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23542","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23542","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stem cells are units of biological organization, responsible for tissue and organ development and regeneration. I study stem cell biology, aging, and the evolution of immunity using the colonial chordate <i>Botryllus schlosseri</i> as a model system. This organism is uniquely suited for this study because it is closely related to vertebrates, undergoes weekly cycles of stem cell mediated regeneration, is long lived and has a recognition system and robust immune system. I have led the <i>Botryllus</i> genome project and developed a novel method to obtain a synthetic long read sequence, identified <i>Botryllus</i> stem cells and stem cell niches, isolated the gene that controls self/non self-recognition and characterized its immune system on the cellular and molecular levels. Recently, I led the <i>Botryllus</i> atlas project to characterize the two developmental pathways, embryogenesis (sexual) and blastogenesis (asexual), revealing the unique molecular landscapes for each developmental mode and investigated the molecular clock and neurodegeneration pathways in young and old colonies and investigated the molecular clock and neurodegeneration pathways in young and old colonies. These results and the resources we developed are used by my lab and others to further study stem cell and immune cell properties during development, regeneration, transplantation, and aging.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54231808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WntA and Wnt4 during the regeneration of internal organs in the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix","authors":"A. S. Girich","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23562","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23562","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Over the past few years, it has been established that <i>wnt</i> genes are involved in the regenerative processes of holothurians. The <i>wnt4</i> gene was identified as one of the most active genes in <i>Eupentacta fraudatrix</i> regeneration using differential gene expression analysis and qPCR of individual genes. Also, the <i>wntA</i> gene was found in holothurians, which is present only in invertebrates and can perform unique functions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this regard, both these genes and proteins were studied in this work. During regeneration, the Wnt4 protein is found in the cells of the coelomic and ambulacral epithelium, retractor muscles, and radial nerves. Single cells with this protein are also found in the connective tissue of the developing aquapharyngeal bulb and in the hypoderm of the body wall. Cells with WntA are found exclusively in the hypoderm of the body wall.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assume that both genes are involved in regeneration, but Wnt4 coordinates the formation of the epithelial tissue structure, while WntA maintains the state of the intercellular substance of the body wall.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41240125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engrailed: Pathological and physiological effects of a multifunctional developmental gene","authors":"Xiang Ma,&nbsp;Liang-Liang Zhao,&nbsp;Yi-Chun Yu,&nbsp;Yan Cheng","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23557","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23557","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Engrailed-1 (EN1) is a developmental gene that encodes En1, a highly conserved transcription factor involved in regionalization during early embryogenesis and in the later maintenance of normal neurons. After birth, EN1 still plays a role in the development and physiology of the body; for example, it exerts a protective effect on midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons, and loss of EN1 causes mDA neurons in the ventral midbrain to gradually die approximately 6 weeks after birth, resulting in motor and nonmotor symptoms similar to those observed in Parkinson's disease. Notably, EN1 has been identified as a possible susceptibility gene for idiopathic Parkinson's disease in humans. EN1 is involved in the processes of wound-healing scar production and tissue and organ fibrosis. Additionally, EN1 can lead to tumorigenesis and thus provides a target for the treatment of some tumors. In this review, we summarize the effects of EN1 on embryonic organ development, describe the consequences of the deletion or overexpression of the EN1 gene, and discuss the pathways in which EN1 is involved. We hope to clarify the role of EN1 as a developmental gene and present potential therapeutic targets for diseases involving the EN1 gene.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41216947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antennapedia: The complexity of a master developmental transcription factor","authors":"Marco Rosales-Vega,&nbsp;Diana Reséndez-Pérez,&nbsp;Martha Vázquez","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23561","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23561","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hox genes encode transcription factors that play an important role in establishing the basic body plan of animals. In <i>Drosophila</i>, <i>Antennapedia</i> is one of the five genes that make up the Antennapedia complex (ANT-C). Antennapedia determines the identity of the second thoracic segment, known as the mesothorax. Misexpression of <i>Antennapedia</i> at different developmental stages changes the identity of the mesothorax, including the muscles, nervous system, and cuticle. In <i>Drosophila</i>, <i>Antennapedia</i> has two distinct promoters highly regulated throughout development by several transcription factors. Antennapedia proteins are found with other transcription factors in different ANTENNAPEDIA transcriptional complexes to regulate multiple subsets of target genes. In this review, we describe the different mechanisms that regulate the expression and function of <i>Antennapedia</i> and the role of this Hox gene in the development of <i>Drosophila</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41216946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sea squirts adventures","authors":"Noa Shenkar","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23560","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23560","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Growing up by the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, I developed a strong curiosity regarding marine lifeforms, along with a strong desire to protect them. I focused my efforts on pursuing an academic career as a marine biologist, developing my own field of expertise. As Jerry Garcia of The Grateful Dead once said: “It's not enough to be the best at what you do; you must be perceived to be the only one who does what you do.” Thus, upon completing my MSc studies on coral bleaching (2001–2003) I shifted my focus to ascidians (Chordata, Ascidiacea), a unique group of invertebrates that until then had been poorly studied in the Red Sea and Eastern Mediterranean. With the rapid arrival and spread of non-indigenous ascidians around the world, and the increasing use of some species as model organisms in evolution and development research, a demand has arisen to understand ascidian ecology, physiology, and taxonomy in greater depth. Following my post-doctoral training with Prof. Billie Swalla at the University of Washington, USA (2009–2011) I established my own laboratory at Tel Aviv University, School of Zoology (2012). Working with my research team at Tel Aviv University, we use the exceptional physiological features ascidians possess to find solutions to burning questions in marine environmental protection and evolution and development, along with providing recommendations for mitigation and control of nuisance species. Furthermore, as I am an expert taxonomist of this group, my team regularly monitors and actively promotes the identification of ascidian species of the region, establishing a solid database for international collaborations. I am perpetually amazed by the complexity, diversity, and beauty of the ascidian fauna along both the Mediterranean and Red Sea coasts of Israel (Figure 1); the majority of species from these regions are yet to be identified and hold exciting discoveries in the fields of evolution, development, ecology, natural products, and more. To date, my research team has published over 70 papers thoroughly representing my three fields of research: (1) Marine Bioinvasion (Bereza &amp; Shenkar, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Gewing &amp; Shenkar, &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;) (2) Ascidian ecology, phylogeny, and regeneration (Gordon et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Gordon et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Shenkar, &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;; Shenkar et al., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Shenkar &amp; Gordon, &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;); and (3) Ecotoxicology, in particular the use of ascidians as biological indicators of marine environments (Anderson &amp; Shenkar, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Navon et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Tzafriri-Milo et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Vered et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Vered &amp; Shenkar, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). I have been awarded several competitive grants and awards: Marie Curie Career Integration Grant, German-Israeli Foundation, US-Israel Binational Science Foundation, Schulich Ocean Studies, Israel Science Foundation, and the Caroline von Humboldt prize for Excellent F","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23560","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41216948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ascidian biodiversity in Brazil and other Latin American countries","authors":"Rosana Moreira da Rocha","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23558","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23558","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41172186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of self-incompatibility in ascidians","authors":"Takako Saito","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23556","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23556","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41138233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giuseppina Ortolani (1951–2009): A “grande dame” in ascidian embryology","authors":"Fiorenza De Bernardi","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23559","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23559","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41167065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor dormancy: EMT beyond invasion and metastasis","authors":"Patrick Aouad,&nbsp;Hazel M. Quinn,&nbsp;Adeline Berger,&nbsp;Cathrin Brisken","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23552","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23552","url":null,"abstract":"<p>More than two-thirds of cancer-related deaths are attributable to metastases. In some tumor types metastasis can occur up to 20 years after diagnosis and successful treatment of the primary tumor, a phenomenon termed late recurrence. Metastases arise from disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) that leave the primary tumor early on in tumor development, either as single cells or clusters, adapt to new environments, and reduce or shut down their proliferation entering a state of dormancy for prolonged periods of time. Dormancy has been difficult to track clinically and study experimentally. Recent advances in technology and disease modeling have provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms orchestrating dormancy and the switch to a proliferative state. A new role for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in inducing plasticity and maintaining a dormant state in several cancer models has been revealed. In this review, we summarize the major findings linking EMT to dormancy control and highlight the importance of pre-clinical models and tumor/tissue context when designing studies. Understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling dormant DTCs is pivotal in developing new therapeutic agents that prevent distant recurrence by maintaining a dormant state.</p>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23552","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41135064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}