genesis最新文献

{"title":"Generation of a Dcx-CreERT2 knock-in mouse for genetic manipulation of newborn neurons","authors":"Gabriella A. Perez,&nbsp;Kyung-Won Park,&nbsp;Denise Lanza,&nbsp;Jenna Cicardo,&nbsp;M. Danish Uddin,&nbsp;Joanna L. Jankowsky","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23584","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23584","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A wide variety of CreER^T2 driver lines are available for genetic manipulation of adult-born neurons in the mouse brain. These tools have been instrumental in studying fate potential, migration, circuit integration, and morphology of the stem cells supporting lifelong neurogenesis. Despite a wealth of tools, genetic manipulation of adult-born neurons for circuit and behavioral studies has been limited by poor specificity of many driver lines targeting early progenitor cells and by the inaccessibility of lines selective for later stages of neuronal maturation. We sought to address these limitations by creating a new CreER^T2 driver line targeted to the endogenous mouse doublecortin locus as a marker of fate-specified neuroblasts and immature neurons. Our new model places a T2A-CreER^T2 cassette immediately downstream of the Dcx coding sequence on the X chromosome, allowing expression of both Dcx and CreER^T2 proteins in the endogenous spatiotemporal pattern for this gene. We demonstrate that the new mouse line drives expression of a Cre-dependent reporter throughout the brain in neonatal mice and in known neurogenic niches of adult animals. The line has been deposited with the Jackson Laboratory and should provide an accessible tool for studies targeting fate-restricted neuronal precursors.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138807473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity from development to disease: An introduction to the special issue","authors":"Hervé Acloque,&nbsp;Jing Yang,&nbsp;Eric Theveneau","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23581","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23581","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138807302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation of tamoxifen-inducible Tfap2b-CreERT2 mice using CRISPR-Cas9","authors":"Mingyi Zhang,&nbsp;Jifan Feng,&nbsp;Yue Li,&nbsp;Peter Z. Qin,&nbsp;Yang Chai","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23582","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23582","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tfap2b, a pivotal transcription factor, plays critical roles within neural crest cells and their derived lineage. To unravel the intricate lineage dynamics and contribution of these Tfap2b+ cells during craniofacial development, we established a <i>Tfap2b-CreER</i>^<i>T2</i> knock-in transgenic mouse line using the CRISPR-Cas9-mediated homologous direct repair. By breeding with tdTomato reporter mice and initiating Cre activity through tamoxifen induction at distinct developmental time points, we show the <i>Tfap2b</i> lineage within the key neural crest-derived domains, such as the facial mesenchyme, midbrain, cerebellum, spinal cord, and limbs. Notably, the migratory neurons stemming from the dorsal root ganglia are visible subsequent to Cre activity initiated at E8.5. Intriguingly, Tfap2b+ cells, serving as the progenitors for limb development, show activity predominantly commencing at E10.5. Across the mouse craniofacial landscape, Tfap2b exhibits a widespread presence throughout the facial organs. Here we validate its role as a marker of progenitors in tooth development and have confirmed that this process initiates from E12.5. Our study not only validates the <i>Tfap2b-CreER</i>^<i>T2</i> transgenic line, but also provides a powerful tool for lineage tracing and genetic targeting of <i>Tfap2b</i>-expressing cells and their progenitor in a temporally and spatially regulated manner during the intricate process of development and organogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23582","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138560211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ascidian gene regulation and bioadhesion","authors":"Ute Rothbächer","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23572","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23572","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;During my university studies in Munich, Germany, I explored Zoology, Biochemistry, Parasitology, and Immunology to focus on tumor biology and melanoma formation in my Diploma and PhD projects in Judy Johnson's lab. She encouraged, guided, and provided maximal freedom for scientific thinking and all basic methods.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cell specification and the plasticity of cell fate in response to surrounding signals and the resulting precise gene activation/repression mechanisms remain my strong interest. At the end of my PhD I came to three major conclusions: first, we cannot fully understand a pathological situation without knowing in depth about the normal genesis of cells along development; second, we need to study molecular mechanisms &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; to avoid cell lineage artifacts; and third, we need to simplify things by using less complex but informative model organisms that can reveal evolutionarily conserved concepts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For my post-doc, I chose &lt;i&gt;Xenopus&lt;/i&gt; as an &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; model at UC Irvine (Prof. Ken Cho lab) and Caltech Pasadena (Prof. Scott Fraser lab) to reveal conserved molecular players in embryonic signaling, notably that both &lt;i&gt;Drosophila&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Xenopus&lt;/i&gt; Dishevelled (Dsh) can mediate Wnt signaling in &lt;i&gt;Xenopus&lt;/i&gt; secondary axis (Spemann's Organizer) formation (Rothbächer et al., &lt;span&gt;1995&lt;/span&gt;; Rothbächer et al., &lt;span&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;). We also showed that non-canonical planar cell polarity signaling via Dsh controls gastrulation in vertebrates (Wallingford et al., &lt;span&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;) while the canonical ß-catenin from &lt;i&gt;Hydra&lt;/i&gt; could induce complete secondary axes upon mRNA injection in &lt;i&gt;Xenopus&lt;/i&gt; embryos (Hobmayer et al., &lt;span&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;During my postdoc time, my daughter was born and taught me the true miracles of life, also straightening out my priorities and my efficiency. Together, we thereafter moved to Marseille, France.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At that time tunicates (ascidians) were being established in Patrick Lemaire's lab at the Marseille Institute of Developmental Biology as a simpler chordate developmental model, and I soon realized that ascidians could give access to many questions that were rather difficult to address in &lt;i&gt;Xenopus&lt;/i&gt;. As invertebrate chordates, their larvae resemble an evolutionary prototype for vertebrates! Transparency, few and large cells, and an invariant developmental lineage seemed truly amazing, in addition to techniques like electroporation &lt;i&gt;en masse&lt;/i&gt; to allow for functional genomics in synchronized embryos. Here, I learned and co-developed many tools for &lt;i&gt;Ciona&lt;/i&gt; functional genomics and I worked in collaboration with this lab for around 10 years while publishing my independent research work. Here, I also obtained the “habilitation to direct research” and supervised doctoral candidates. Discovering the earliest zygotic events and the regulatory DNA (enhancer) level of maternally activated target genes was my main interest in ascidians, and we revealed for example, that","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10909405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138446712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ciona, an ideal research organism to study the role of enhancers","authors":"Emma Kirsten Farley","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23577","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23577","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Watching documentaries as a child, I became fascinated by how genomes encode the instructions to make all the cells of an organism. I studied Biochemistry at Oxford University as the subject seemed to provide a mechanistic understanding of living systems. During my time at Oxford, I completed my part II thesis (similar to a master's project) in Prof. Doug Higgs' lab. I learned about the regulation of gene expression during development of blood cells and the disease ATRX which causes alpha thalassemia and neurological defects in patients via misregulation of gene expression. While we were studying the effects of this disease on gene expression within the blood system, I wondered if studying both the blood and the brain may help find generalizable principles and mechanisms driving the disease. For this reason, I wanted to do my Ph.D. in a system where I could study many different types of cells. I decided to work with stem cells and transcription factors involved in the specification of cell fate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I did my Ph.D. at Imperial College London at the MRC London Medical Sciences Center with Dr. Meng Li. I studied how midbrain dopaminergic neurons are made in developing mouse and chick brains and applied this knowledge to stem cells to create dopaminergic neurons in a dish. The hope was that these stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons would serve as a platform for drug screening and therapeutic approaches for patients with Parkinson's disease. While I value the stem cell system, at the time, it was not the ideal system to explore how genomes encode gene expression in time and space. My stem cell cultures were often heterogenous; a mixture of neural-like cells and other cells, most commonly cardiac cells beating in the dish. And one could never truly know if the cells in the dish recapitulated the endogenous dopaminergic neurons. Through my research experiences, I thought that experimental approaches in whole developing embryos would be better suited for understanding how our genomes encode the instructions for making an organism. I set about looking for a system in which I could study enhancers in high-throughput within whole developing organisms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Prof. Mike Levine spoke about &lt;i&gt;Ciona&lt;/i&gt; at a British Society of Developmental Biology meeting, and I was hooked. I realized that &lt;i&gt;Ciona&lt;/i&gt;, with its close relation to vertebrates and the power of electroporation to incorporate plasmids into millions of embryos, would be an ideal organism for whole embryo high-throughput reporter assays to study enhancers. Thus, &lt;i&gt;Ciona&lt;/i&gt; is an ideal system to decipher how the instructions for development are encoded in our genomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I started my postdoc with Prof. Mike Levine in 2012. I developed a synthetic enhancer library screen (SEL-seq) to test many millions of enhancers for activity in developing &lt;i&gt;Ciona&lt;/i&gt; (Figure 1a). I used SEL-Seq to test 2.5 million variants of a neural Otx-a enhancer to examine how this enhancer activated by two pleiot","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23577","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138441474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women in tunicate research: Pioneers of the past and their present legacy","authors":"Marie L. Nydam,&nbsp;Mary Beth Saffo,&nbsp;Anna Di Gregorio","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23578","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23578","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The search for female scientists who pioneered the research on tunicates is hindered by the tradition of reporting only the first initials of authors' names on scientific publications using only the initials of their first names. While this practice has the theoretical merit of broadening the readership by preventing the possible bias that could be caused by the gender of the author(s) in some of the readers, it rendered the identification of female researchers active in, or before, the first half of the 20th century quite challenging. Sifting through several dozen electronic records, and with the help of references and/or quotes found online, we have stitched together the information that we were able to retrieve on the life of female scientists who authored some of the earliest publications on tunicates, and we have organized them in (approximate) chronological order. We have also compiled brief synopses of the findings of scientists active in the field of tunicate biology in more recent times, and organized them by subdiscipline.</p>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11649620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138441475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Searching for marine embryos, finding my path","authors":"Anna Di Gregorio","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23576","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23576","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138296287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation and characterization of Chd7-iCreERT2-tdTomato mice","authors":"Zi'ang Han,&nbsp;Ze Wang,&nbsp;Zhuxi Huang,&nbsp;Weijun Feng","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23575","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23575","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heterozygous mutation of <i>CHD7</i> gene causes a severe developmental disorder called CHARGE syndrome. In order to further explore the expression and function of <i>Chd7</i> in vivo, we generated a <i>Chd7-P2A-iCreERT2-P2A-tdTomato</i> (in short, <i>Chd7-CT-tdT</i>) knockin mouse line using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The specificity and efficiency of two knockin genetic elements were validated. The <i>Chd7-CT-tdT</i> reporter gene could accurately reflect both the dynamic expression pattern of endogenous <i>Chd7</i> during neurodevelopment and cell-type specific expression in the brain and eye. The recombination efficiency of <i>Chd7-CT-tdT</i> in postnatal cerebellum is very high. Moreover, lineage tracing experiment showed that <i>Chd7</i> is expressed in intestinal stem cells. In summary, the newly constructed <i>Chd7-CT-tdT</i> mouse line provide a useful tool to study the function of <i>Chd7</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138292087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1st International Symposium on Women in Tunicate Biology: Meeting report","authors":"Anna Di Gregorio,&nbsp;Marie L. Nydam","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23571","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23571","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The 1st International Symposium on Women in Tunicate Biology was held online on March 28 and 29, 2023. This global symposium was attended by 45–50 researchers from countries including Austria, Brazil, India, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Turkey, and the United States. Figure 1 is a photograph of some of the participants from the March 28th session.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The main goals of this symposium were honoring women who advanced the field of tunicate biology, sharing current research interests, promoting collaborations, inspiring and supporting new and aspiring independent investigators, and fostering inclusivity. The symposium started its first day with biographical presentations of women scientists who pioneered the field, followed by tributes to recently retired female ascidiologists. The second day was mainly dedicated to presentations on the research currently being conducted by female principal investigators. On the first day, Anna Di Gregorio gave an introduction on the general history of tunicate research and then highlighted women who were active in the 19th and 20th centuries: Gladys Amelia Anslow from the United States, an accomplished physicist and first woman to work with the cyclotron at the University of California at Berkeley, who studied the effect of copper ions on ascidian metamorphosis; Helga Henriette Lindel Zwillenberg from Germany, who obtained the first images of chromosomes in ascidians through a method that she perfected for these organisms; Nel Krijgsman, from the Netherlands, who studied the pacemakers of the &lt;i&gt;Ciona&lt;/i&gt; heart and the effects of different neurotransmitters on their function, and Winifred Parsons, who studied the transport of carbon dioxide in the blood of ascidians and other vertebrates during her residence at the Stazione Zoologica in Napoli (Naples), Italy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There were three talks honoring Italian women researchers. Fiorenza De Bernardi presented a tribute to Giuseppina Ortolani, who gained international recognition for her lineage-tracing experiments in solitary ascidians and trained numerous students who later became leaders in various fields of tunicate biology. Lucia Manni presented on her mentor Giovanna Zaniolo, another exceptionally talented experimentalist who pioneered studies of regeneration, allorecognition, and aging in colonial ascidians. Filomena Ristoratore and Annamaria Locascio described the research interests and accomplishments of recently retired women scientists from the Stazione Zoologica in Napoli: Margherita Branno, Anna Palumbo, Rosaria De Santis, and Elisabetta Tosti. Then, Megan Wilson introduced Beryl Brewin, a taxonomist and ecologist from New Zealand who worked for nearly 30 years at the University of Otago. Brewin described more than 80 ascidian genera and species from Australia and New Zealand and made a large financial donation in her will to support the Portobello Marine Laboratory. Megan also presented her lab's research, discussing in particular the insights her group ","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11649619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138177655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating cellular dynamics in tunicates","authors":"Christina D. Cota","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23574","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23574","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138177656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}