genesis最新文献

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of differentiation and class choice of olfactory sensory neurons","authors":"Junji Hirota","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23587","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23587","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The sense of smell is intricately linked to essential animal behaviors necessary for individual survival and species preservation. During vertebrate evolution, odorant receptors (ORs), responsible for detecting odor molecules, have evolved to adapt to changing environments, transitioning from aquatic to terrestrial habitats and accommodating increasing complex chemical environments. These evolutionary pressures have given rise to the largest gene family in vertebrate genomes. Vertebrate ORs are phylogenetically divided into two major classes; class I and class II. Class I OR genes, initially identified in fish and frog, have persisted across vertebrate species. On the other hand, class II OR genes are unique to terrestrial animals, accounting for ~90% of mammalian OR genes. In mice, each olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) expresses a single functional allele of a single OR gene from either the class I or class II OR repertoire. This one neuron-one receptor rule is established through two sequential steps: specification of OR class and subsequent exclusive OR expression from the corresponding OR class. Consequently, OSNs acquire diverse neuronal identities during the process of OSN differentiation, enabling animals to detect a wide array of odor molecules. This review provides an overview of the OSN differentiation process through which OSN diversity is achieved, primarily using the mouse as a model animal.</p>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23587","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover Image, Volume 62, Issue 1","authors":"Mingyi Zhang,&nbsp;Jifan Feng,&nbsp;Yue Li,&nbsp;Peter Z. Qin,&nbsp;Yang Chai","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23588","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Cover illustration:</b> The cover image is based on the Technical Note <i>Generation of tamoxifen-inducible Tfap2b-CreERT2 mice using CRISPR-Cas9</i> by Mingyi Zhang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/dvg.23582<figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23588","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139968532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activity-dependent formation of the topographic map and the critical period in the development of mammalian olfactory system","authors":"Ai Fang,&nbsp;C. Ron Yu","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dvg.23586","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Neural activity influences every aspect of nervous system development. In olfactory systems, sensory neurons expressing the same odorant receptor project their axons to stereotypically positioned glomeruli, forming a spatial map of odorant receptors in the olfactory bulb. As individual odors activate unique combinations of glomeruli, this map forms the basis for encoding olfactory information. The establishment of this stereotypical olfactory map requires coordinated regulation of axon guidance molecules instructed by spontaneous activity. Recent studies show that sensory experiences also modify innervation patterns in the olfactory bulb, especially during a critical period of the olfactory system development. This review examines evidence in the field to suggest potential mechanisms by which various aspects of neural activity regulate axon targeting. We also discuss the precise functions served by neural plasticity during the critical period.</p>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23586","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139655222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover Image, Volume 61, Issue 6","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23583","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23583","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23583","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139061596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prl3d1-Cre mouse line selectively induces the expression of Cre recombinase in parietal trophoblast giant cells","authors":"Linqing Pan,&nbsp;Fuquan Zhu,&nbsp;Aochen Yu,&nbsp;Yuan Jiang,&nbsp;Dayu Wang,&nbsp;Minglian Zhou,&nbsp;Chao Jia,&nbsp;Yugui Cui,&nbsp;Lisha Tang,&nbsp;Huaiyun Tang,&nbsp;Juan Li","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23585","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23585","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The placenta plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of normal pregnancy, but how it forms, matures, and performs its function remains poorly understood. Here, we describe a novel mouse line (Prl3d1-iCre) that expresses iCre recombinase under the control of the endogenous <i>prl3d1</i> promoter. Prl3d1 has been proposed as a marker for distinguishing trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) from other trophoblast cells in the placenta. The in vivo efficiency and specificity of the Cre line were analyzed by interbreeding Prl3d1-iCre mice with B6-G/R reporter mice. Through anatomical studies of the placenta and other tissues of Prl3d1-iCre/+; B6-G/R mouse mice, we found that the tdTomato signal was expressed in parietal trophoblast giant cells (P-TGCs). Thus, we report a mouse line with ectopic Cre expression in P-TGCs, which provides a valuable tool for studying human pathological pregnancies caused by implantation failure or abnormal trophoblast secretion due to aberrant gene regulation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138825592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation of a Dcx-CreERT2 knock-in mouse for genetic manipulation of newborn neurons","authors":"Gabriella A. Perez,&nbsp;Kyung-Won Park,&nbsp;Denise Lanza,&nbsp;Jenna Cicardo,&nbsp;M. Danish Uddin,&nbsp;Joanna L. Jankowsky","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23584","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23584","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A wide variety of CreER^T2 driver lines are available for genetic manipulation of adult-born neurons in the mouse brain. These tools have been instrumental in studying fate potential, migration, circuit integration, and morphology of the stem cells supporting lifelong neurogenesis. Despite a wealth of tools, genetic manipulation of adult-born neurons for circuit and behavioral studies has been limited by poor specificity of many driver lines targeting early progenitor cells and by the inaccessibility of lines selective for later stages of neuronal maturation. We sought to address these limitations by creating a new CreER^T2 driver line targeted to the endogenous mouse doublecortin locus as a marker of fate-specified neuroblasts and immature neurons. Our new model places a T2A-CreER^T2 cassette immediately downstream of the Dcx coding sequence on the X chromosome, allowing expression of both Dcx and CreER^T2 proteins in the endogenous spatiotemporal pattern for this gene. We demonstrate that the new mouse line drives expression of a Cre-dependent reporter throughout the brain in neonatal mice and in known neurogenic niches of adult animals. The line has been deposited with the Jackson Laboratory and should provide an accessible tool for studies targeting fate-restricted neuronal precursors.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138807473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity from development to disease: An introduction to the special issue","authors":"Hervé Acloque,&nbsp;Jing Yang,&nbsp;Eric Theveneau","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23581","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23581","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138807302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation of tamoxifen-inducible Tfap2b-CreERT2 mice using CRISPR-Cas9","authors":"Mingyi Zhang,&nbsp;Jifan Feng,&nbsp;Yue Li,&nbsp;Peter Z. Qin,&nbsp;Yang Chai","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23582","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23582","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tfap2b, a pivotal transcription factor, plays critical roles within neural crest cells and their derived lineage. To unravel the intricate lineage dynamics and contribution of these Tfap2b+ cells during craniofacial development, we established a <i>Tfap2b-CreER</i>^<i>T2</i> knock-in transgenic mouse line using the CRISPR-Cas9-mediated homologous direct repair. By breeding with tdTomato reporter mice and initiating Cre activity through tamoxifen induction at distinct developmental time points, we show the <i>Tfap2b</i> lineage within the key neural crest-derived domains, such as the facial mesenchyme, midbrain, cerebellum, spinal cord, and limbs. Notably, the migratory neurons stemming from the dorsal root ganglia are visible subsequent to Cre activity initiated at E8.5. Intriguingly, Tfap2b+ cells, serving as the progenitors for limb development, show activity predominantly commencing at E10.5. Across the mouse craniofacial landscape, Tfap2b exhibits a widespread presence throughout the facial organs. Here we validate its role as a marker of progenitors in tooth development and have confirmed that this process initiates from E12.5. Our study not only validates the <i>Tfap2b-CreER</i>^<i>T2</i> transgenic line, but also provides a powerful tool for lineage tracing and genetic targeting of <i>Tfap2b</i>-expressing cells and their progenitor in a temporally and spatially regulated manner during the intricate process of development and organogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23582","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138560211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ascidian gene regulation and bioadhesion","authors":"Ute Rothbächer","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23572","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23572","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;During my university studies in Munich, Germany, I explored Zoology, Biochemistry, Parasitology, and Immunology to focus on tumor biology and melanoma formation in my Diploma and PhD projects in Judy Johnson's lab. She encouraged, guided, and provided maximal freedom for scientific thinking and all basic methods.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cell specification and the plasticity of cell fate in response to surrounding signals and the resulting precise gene activation/repression mechanisms remain my strong interest. At the end of my PhD I came to three major conclusions: first, we cannot fully understand a pathological situation without knowing in depth about the normal genesis of cells along development; second, we need to study molecular mechanisms &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; to avoid cell lineage artifacts; and third, we need to simplify things by using less complex but informative model organisms that can reveal evolutionarily conserved concepts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For my post-doc, I chose &lt;i&gt;Xenopus&lt;/i&gt; as an &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; model at UC Irvine (Prof. Ken Cho lab) and Caltech Pasadena (Prof. Scott Fraser lab) to reveal conserved molecular players in embryonic signaling, notably that both &lt;i&gt;Drosophila&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Xenopus&lt;/i&gt; Dishevelled (Dsh) can mediate Wnt signaling in &lt;i&gt;Xenopus&lt;/i&gt; secondary axis (Spemann's Organizer) formation (Rothbächer et al., &lt;span&gt;1995&lt;/span&gt;; Rothbächer et al., &lt;span&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;). We also showed that non-canonical planar cell polarity signaling via Dsh controls gastrulation in vertebrates (Wallingford et al., &lt;span&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;) while the canonical ß-catenin from &lt;i&gt;Hydra&lt;/i&gt; could induce complete secondary axes upon mRNA injection in &lt;i&gt;Xenopus&lt;/i&gt; embryos (Hobmayer et al., &lt;span&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;During my postdoc time, my daughter was born and taught me the true miracles of life, also straightening out my priorities and my efficiency. Together, we thereafter moved to Marseille, France.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At that time tunicates (ascidians) were being established in Patrick Lemaire's lab at the Marseille Institute of Developmental Biology as a simpler chordate developmental model, and I soon realized that ascidians could give access to many questions that were rather difficult to address in &lt;i&gt;Xenopus&lt;/i&gt;. As invertebrate chordates, their larvae resemble an evolutionary prototype for vertebrates! Transparency, few and large cells, and an invariant developmental lineage seemed truly amazing, in addition to techniques like electroporation &lt;i&gt;en masse&lt;/i&gt; to allow for functional genomics in synchronized embryos. Here, I learned and co-developed many tools for &lt;i&gt;Ciona&lt;/i&gt; functional genomics and I worked in collaboration with this lab for around 10 years while publishing my independent research work. Here, I also obtained the “habilitation to direct research” and supervised doctoral candidates. Discovering the earliest zygotic events and the regulatory DNA (enhancer) level of maternally activated target genes was my main interest in ascidians, and we revealed for example, that","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10909405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138446712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ciona, an ideal research organism to study the role of enhancers","authors":"Emma Kirsten Farley","doi":"10.1002/dvg.23577","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dvg.23577","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Watching documentaries as a child, I became fascinated by how genomes encode the instructions to make all the cells of an organism. I studied Biochemistry at Oxford University as the subject seemed to provide a mechanistic understanding of living systems. During my time at Oxford, I completed my part II thesis (similar to a master's project) in Prof. Doug Higgs' lab. I learned about the regulation of gene expression during development of blood cells and the disease ATRX which causes alpha thalassemia and neurological defects in patients via misregulation of gene expression. While we were studying the effects of this disease on gene expression within the blood system, I wondered if studying both the blood and the brain may help find generalizable principles and mechanisms driving the disease. For this reason, I wanted to do my Ph.D. in a system where I could study many different types of cells. I decided to work with stem cells and transcription factors involved in the specification of cell fate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I did my Ph.D. at Imperial College London at the MRC London Medical Sciences Center with Dr. Meng Li. I studied how midbrain dopaminergic neurons are made in developing mouse and chick brains and applied this knowledge to stem cells to create dopaminergic neurons in a dish. The hope was that these stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons would serve as a platform for drug screening and therapeutic approaches for patients with Parkinson's disease. While I value the stem cell system, at the time, it was not the ideal system to explore how genomes encode gene expression in time and space. My stem cell cultures were often heterogenous; a mixture of neural-like cells and other cells, most commonly cardiac cells beating in the dish. And one could never truly know if the cells in the dish recapitulated the endogenous dopaminergic neurons. Through my research experiences, I thought that experimental approaches in whole developing embryos would be better suited for understanding how our genomes encode the instructions for making an organism. I set about looking for a system in which I could study enhancers in high-throughput within whole developing organisms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Prof. Mike Levine spoke about &lt;i&gt;Ciona&lt;/i&gt; at a British Society of Developmental Biology meeting, and I was hooked. I realized that &lt;i&gt;Ciona&lt;/i&gt;, with its close relation to vertebrates and the power of electroporation to incorporate plasmids into millions of embryos, would be an ideal organism for whole embryo high-throughput reporter assays to study enhancers. Thus, &lt;i&gt;Ciona&lt;/i&gt; is an ideal system to decipher how the instructions for development are encoded in our genomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I started my postdoc with Prof. Mike Levine in 2012. I developed a synthetic enhancer library screen (SEL-seq) to test many millions of enhancers for activity in developing &lt;i&gt;Ciona&lt;/i&gt; (Figure 1a). I used SEL-Seq to test 2.5 million variants of a neural Otx-a enhancer to examine how this enhancer activated by two pleiot","PeriodicalId":12718,"journal":{"name":"genesis","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dvg.23577","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138441474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}