Genes and immunity最新文献

{"title":"Characterizing the immune landscape of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in non-small cell lung cancer.","authors":"Jin-Guo Liu, Lin Yu, Xian-Ling Guo, Xue-Min He, Man Li, Ren-Yuan Gao, Bing-Hui Zhao, Qian-Yu Li, Wen-Jing Zhu, Ping Xu, Xiao-Hua Gu, Yong-An Chen, Xiao-Lan Yin, Yan Shang, Zhen-Hong Guo, Jia-Hao Mao, Yang-Xi Hu, Li-Ming Lu, Jian Hua, Hua Zhang, Yue Li","doi":"10.1038/s41435-025-00330-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41435-025-00330-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) immunotherapy is a highly promising treatment for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), which is responsible for 18% of all cancer-related deaths. The heterogeneity of TILs remains poorly understood. Here, we utilized combined single-cell RNA (scRNA)/T cell receptor sequencing (scTCR-seq) data from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients. Naïve CD4⁺ and effector memory CD8⁺ T cells were increased in tumor tissue compared with circulating blood samples. Activated signaling pathways were detected, and GZMA was identified as a potential novel diagnostic biomarker. During the transitional phase, macrophages (FTL) and dendritic (AIF1) cells transported the most CD3 TCR clones to T cells, while cytotoxicity CD8⁺ T (NKG7) cells transported to terminal exhausted CD8⁺ T cells. In both transition and expansion phases, T helper cells (CXCL13) are transported to regulatory T cells (Tregs). Additionally, we investigated the expression profiles of key cytokines, checkpoint receptors, and their ligands. Cytotoxicity CD8⁺ T cells (CCL5 and IFNG), T helper cells (FTL, TNFRSF4, and TIGIT), and regulatory T cells (CTLA4, TIGIT and FTL) exhibited functional roles in both primary and metastatic tumor stages. Taken together, our study provides a single-cell resolution of the TIL immune landscape and suggests potential treatment strategies to overcome drug resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12691,"journal":{"name":"Genes and immunity","volume":" ","pages":"229-241"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review on leptin's role in defining cancer: special emphasis on immunomodulation, inflammation, and therapeutic interventions.","authors":"Snehashish Modak, Tamanna Aktar, Debabrata Majumder, Ashish Kr Singha, Debasish Maiti","doi":"10.1038/s41435-025-00333-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41435-025-00333-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leptin, an adipokine related to obesity, is mainly known for its role in regulating energy homeostasis and appetite by working via the leptin receptor. Recently, different groups have demonstrated that apart from adipocytes, specific cell types associated with cancer and tumor microenvironments express leptin and leptin receptors. This tumor microenvironment-associated leptin-leptin receptor signaling contributes to the different hallmarks of cancer, ranging from inflammatory changes to metastasis. Eventually, it has also been reported that high serum level of leptin, a characteristic of obese people, is linked to enhanced tumor growth. On the other hand, leptin can influence both innate as well as adaptive immunity related to cancer. Overall, leptin's role in modulating cancer is controversial. So, in this review, we summarized the role of leptin in shaping different forms of cancer that are influenced by leptin-leptin receptor signaling with special emphasis on immunomodulation and inflammatory events and also discussed the possible therapeutic interventions to date. As this review work, with the collection of different updated knowledge, has summarized the role of leptin on cancer, it would be useful material to have on hand for both beginners as well as pioneers of these and related fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":12691,"journal":{"name":"Genes and immunity","volume":" ","pages":"266-286"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of heat shock proteins in glioma revealed the association with glioma-associated myeloid cells.","authors":"Jiacheng Xu, Yuduo Guo, Weihai Ning, Jun Wang, Yujia Chen, Deshan Liu, Jingjing Yang, Yongmei Song, Hongwei Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41435-025-00327-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41435-025-00327-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the central nervous system, glioma stands as the predominant primary brain tumor. Heat shock proteins exerted a critical influence on tumor progression and tumor immune microenvironment. However, research on heat shock proteins in glioma remained ambiguous. We analyzed data from the CPTAC, TCGA, and GTEx databases, identifying seven heat shock protein genes critical to glioma prognosis. Subsequently, through Lasso regression, a model based on heat shock protein genes (DNAJC7, DNAJC12, HSPB2, HSP90B1, HSPA5) was constructed. And the risk score showed a positive correlation to the immune score. Further investigation into immune cells revealed that HSPA5 and HSP90B1 were expressed at higher levels in glioma and significantly linked to M2 macrophage infiltration. Considering the limited research on HSP90B1 in glioma, we further revealed that HSP90B1 might have a connection with two crucial signaling pathways within tumors: PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin. Given that lactate could promote the M2 polarization of macrophages, we further found that HSP90B1 could enhance the transcription of glycolysis-related genes, including LDHA. Overall, our study demonstrated that heat shock protein genes were significantly linked to glioma patient prognosis. Additionally, we observed that HSP90B1 had a significant relationship with M2 macrophage infiltration and potentially regulated LDHA level in glioma.</p>","PeriodicalId":12691,"journal":{"name":"Genes and immunity","volume":" ","pages":"200-212"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of B cell immunity in lung adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Long Shu, Tania Tao, Desheng Xiao, Shuang Liu, Yongguang Tao","doi":"10.1038/s41435-025-00331-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41435-025-00331-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer globally. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma, constitutes a significant portion of cases. Adenocarcinoma, the most prevalent type, has seen a rising incidence. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), yet response rates remain unsatisfactory. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are primary ICIs for LUAD, targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway between CD8+ T cells and tumor cells. However, LUAD presents a \"cold tumor\" phenotype with fewer CD8+ T cells and lower PD-1 expression, leading to resistance to ICIs. Thus, understanding the function of other immune cell in tumor microenvironment is crucial for developing novel immunotherapies for LUAD. B cells, which is part of the adaptive immune system, have gained attention for its role in cancer immunology. While research on B cells lags behind T cells, recent studies reveal their close correlation with prognosis and immunotherapy effectiveness in various solid tumors, including lung cancer. B cells show higher abundance, activity, and prognostic significance in LUAD than that in LUSC. This review summarizes the difference of B cell immunity between LUAD and other lung cancers, outlines the role of B cell immunity in LUAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12691,"journal":{"name":"Genes and immunity","volume":" ","pages":"253-265"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Golgi apparatus-related signature predicts the immune microenvironment and prognosis of gastric cancer.","authors":"Changlei Wu, Liang Sun, Wenjie Zhu, Chao Huang, Zhengming Zhu, Zitao Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41435-025-00332-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41435-025-00332-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, numerous studies have provided evidence of the involvement of the Golgi apparatus (GA) in various stages of cancer development. Nonetheless, the specific impact of GA-related characteristics on gastric cancer (GC) progression remains ambiguous. We utilized LASSO and multivariate COX regression methods to develop a GA-associated risk score (GARS). The GARS is constructed from seven signature genes, which are highly expressed in tumors. In our research, we have found that GARS is an effective indicator for predicting the prognosis of GC, chemotherapy sensitivity, and immune therapy response. Patients in the low GARS group exhibit characteristics such as a good prognosis, increased sensitivity to immune therapy, 5-fluorouracil, and paclitaxel. Finally, our experimental results confirm that knocking down F2R significantly reduces the proliferation and migration abilities of GC cells. This study highlights the importance of GA characteristics in predicting the prognosis of GC and in developing personalized treatment strategies. The experimental findings on F2R offer valuable theoretical insights for the diagnosis and management of GC.</p>","PeriodicalId":12691,"journal":{"name":"Genes and immunity","volume":" ","pages":"242-252"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scan of pleiotropic immune mediated disease genes identifies novel determinants of baseline FVIII inhibitor status in hemophilia A.","authors":"Marcio A Almeida, Vincent P Diego, Kevin R Viel, Bernadette W Luu, Karin Haack, Rajalingam Raja, Afshin Ameri, Meera Chitlur, Natalia Rydz, David Lillicrap, Raymond G Watts, Craig M Kessler, Christopher Ramsey, Long V Dinh, Benjamin Kim, Jerry S Powell, Eron G Manusov, Juan M Peralta, Ruayda Bouls, Shirley M Abraham, Yu-Min Shen, Carlos M Murillo, Henry Mead, Paul V Lehmann, Eli J Fine, Miguel A Escobar, Satish Kumar, Barbara A Konkle, Sarah Williams-Blangero, Carol K Kasper, Laura Almasy, Shelley A Cole, John Blangero, Tom E Howard","doi":"10.1038/s41435-025-00325-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41435-025-00325-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemophilia-A (HA) is the X-linked bleeding disorder caused by heterogeneous factor (F)VIII gene (F8)-mutations and deficiencies in plasma-FVIII-activity that prevent intrinsic-pathway mediated coagulation-amplification. Severe-HA patients (HAPs) require life-long infusions of therapeutic-FVIII-proteins (tFVIIIs) but ~30% develop neutralizing-tFVIII-antibodies called \"FVIII-inhibitors (FEIs)\". We investigated the genetics underlying the variable risk of FEI-development in 450 North American HAPs (206 and 244 respectively self-reporting black-African- or white-European-ancestry) by analyzing the genotypes of single-nucleotide-variations (SNVs) in candidate immune-mediated-disease (IMD)-genes using a binary linear-mixed model of genetic association with baseline-FEI-status, the dependent variable, while simultaneously accounting for their genetic relationships and heterogeneous-F8-mutations to prevent the statistical problem of non-independence. We a priori selected gene-centric-association-scans of pleiotropic-IMD-genes implicated in the development of either ≥2 autoimmune-/autoinflammatory-disorders (AADs) or FEIs and ≥1 AAD. We found that baseline-FEI-status was significantly associated with NOS2A (rs117382854; p = 3.2 × 10^-6) and B3GNT2 (rs10176009; p = 5.1 × 10^-6)-pleiotropic-IMD-genes known previously to function in anti-microbial-/-tumoral-immunity but not in the development of FEIs-and confirmed associations with CTLA4 (rs231780; p = 2.2 × 10^-5). We also found that baseline-FEI-status has a substantial heritability (~55%) that involves (i) a F8-mutation-specific component of ~8%, (ii) an additive-genetic contribution from SNVs in IMD-genes of ~47%, and (iii) race, which is a significant determinant independent of F8-mutation-types and non-F8-genetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12691,"journal":{"name":"Genes and immunity","volume":" ","pages":"179-189"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between HLA genetics and SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large real-world cohort.","authors":"Stanley I Letovsky, Xia Cao, Jill A Hollenbach, Steven J Mack, Martin Maiers","doi":"10.1038/s41435-025-00328-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41435-025-00328-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetic variation in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region is thought to influence susceptibility to and severity of a variety of infectious diseases. Several studies have explored a possible relationship between HLA genetics and SARS-CoV-2 infection, although mixed results, small sample sizes, and difficulty controlling for exposure risk have made it difficult to draw firm conclusions. Here, a dataset of 419,234 subjects with HLA genotype data and COVID-19 PCR test results was studied. A baseline analysis was performed to examine the association of non-HLA factors on COVID-19 positivity. Then, multivariate logistic regressions, incorporating single and paired HLA alleles, were performed and then corrected for significant factors from the baseline analysis. Proxies for socioeconomic status and exposure risk were significantly associated with COVID-19 positivity across all ancestry groups studied. Forty-one single HLA alleles displayed significant association with COVID-19 positivity; after controlling for socioeconomic status and exposure risk, only eight significant associations remained. Additionally, two HLA allele pairs were associated with test positivity after correction. Of all variables, socioeconomic status showed the greatest effect size. The results from this study suggest that many, if not all, of the reported associations between HLA alleles and SARS-CoV-2 infection may be spurious, owing to confounding factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12691,"journal":{"name":"Genes and immunity","volume":" ","pages":"213-221"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcript-targeted antigen mapping reveals the potential of POSTN splicing junction epitopes in glioblastoma immunotherapy.","authors":"Zujian Xiong, Chaim T Sneiderman, Chloe R Kuminkoski, Jared Reinheimer, Lance Schwegman, ReidAnn E Sever, Ahmed Habib, Baoli Hu, Sameer Agnihotri, Dhivyaa Rajasundaram, Pascal O Zinn, Thomas G Forsthuber, Ian F Pollack, Xuejun Li, Itay Raphael, Gary Kohanbash","doi":"10.1038/s41435-025-00326-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41435-025-00326-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumor antigens are crucial for T-cell mediated immunotherapy, but identified antigens for gliomas remain limited. Aberrant splicing variants are commonly expressed in tumors, resulting in unique tumor isoforms with potential antigenic properties. Herein, we analyzed multi-omics data from 587 glioma patients and assembled a library of putative tumor-enriched isoform antigens (TIA) and corresponding peptides presented on each HLA-I allele. We constructed an individual-specific TIA peptide candidate repertoire for each patient based on their TIA expression and HLA-I haplotypes. TIAs were highly expressed, enriched with glioma malignancy, and demonstrated strong HLA-binding affinity. We focused on periostin isoform-203 (POSTN-203), which was associated with poor survival of patients and contained multiple predicted HLA-restricted peptide epitopes. A selected HLA-A11-restricted peptide from POSTN-203 (POSTN-203_A11) induced antigen-specific T-cell responses against both peptide-pulsed and POSTN-203-expressing glioma cells in an HLA-specific manner. Our findings highlight TIAs as a promising source of immunogenic antigens and POSTN-203 as a potential promising target for glioma immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12691,"journal":{"name":"Genes and immunity","volume":" ","pages":"190-199"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative multi-omics reveal NSUN2 facilitates glycolysis and histone lactylation-driven immune evasion in renal carcinoma.","authors":"Kunpeng Wang, Fanyi Kong, Xue Han, Yunlai Zhi, Hai Wang, Chuanli Ren, Hui Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41435-025-00336-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41435-025-00336-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prevalent and aggressive subtype of kidney cancer. Targeting ccRCC metabolism is a promising therapeutic strategy, and some metabolic targets are currently undergoing clinical trials. Here, we collected multiple ccRCC clinical cohorts, including bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell sequencing datasets, to investigate mitochondrial metabolic genes' prognostic and therapeutic potential. Integrating 10 machine learning algorithms, we constructed 117 predictive models, with the optimal model selected and defined as Mitoscore for patient stratification and treatment. Furthermore, NSUN2, an RNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) methyltransferase, was identified as the most important gene in the model and selected for further gene function experiments in vitro and in vivo. NSUN2 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion; reprogrammed glycolysis metabolism and histone lactylation levels via maintaining NEO1 mRNA stability. In addition, NSUN2 increased PD-L1 expression in tumor cells via the MYC/POM121/CD274 axis in a lactylation-dependent manner. Knockdown of NSUN2 enhanced CD8 T cell killing effects in vitro, along with TNF-α + T cell infiltration in vivo. These results highlight that mitochondrial genes are optional therapeutic targets and prognostic markers; NSUN2 promotes mitochondrial glycolysis and histone lactylation in an m5C-dependent manner, thereby resulting in PD-L1-mediated immune escape, which elucidates novel NSUN2-mediated crosstalk between glycolysis and immune evasion.</p>","PeriodicalId":12691,"journal":{"name":"Genes and immunity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macrophage inhibition in the alleviation of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis caused by bariatric surgery.","authors":"Qianwen Zheng, Shizhou Deng, Xiyu Chen, Yayun Wang, Yanling Yang","doi":"10.1038/s41435-025-00334-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41435-025-00334-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing worldwide, and effective treatment is urgently needed. To understand the molecular mechanisms behind the effectiveness of bariatric surgery in treating NASH, we integrated single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data to identify the role of liver macrophage polarization in alleviating NASH and screen possible drugs for treatment. Analysis revealed that bariatric surgery alleviates NASH by inhibiting liver M1 macrophage polarization with 12 differentially expressed M1 macrophage-related genes. Additionally, 56 potentially effective drugs were predicted for NASH treatment. These findings shed light on the effectiveness of bariatric surgery in treating NASH and offer potential drug candidates for further exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12691,"journal":{"name":"Genes and immunity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}