Fungal biology最新文献

{"title":"Olive oil additive enhances hyphal growth and triterpenes accumulation in submerged fermentation of Grifola frondosa","authors":"Qiaoyu Wang ,&nbsp;Chenmeng Wan ,&nbsp;Ke'er Xiao,&nbsp;Zijian Tong,&nbsp;Ziteng Zhao,&nbsp;Xinyu Meng,&nbsp;Mukaddas Sai,&nbsp;Yajie Bao,&nbsp;Lili Guan,&nbsp;Hongxia Ma,&nbsp;Linna Du","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Grifola frondosa</em>, a famous mushroom worldwide, is highly valued for its multiple health benefits. However, the limited mycelial biomass and low triterpenes (GFTs) yield remain critical constraints for large-scale utilization of this fungus. In the present study, the effect of different vegetable oils on the liquid fermentation efficiency of <em>G. frondosa</em> was investigated, firstly. Furthermore, following optimization of the olive oil addition process and analysis of fermentation kinetics, the positive effect of olive oil on the hyphal growth and GFTs accumulation was identified. Further observations revealed that olive oil treatment led to increased flocculent hyphae, peroxisomes, mitochondria, and reactive oxygen species levels. Additionally, improvements in membrane integrity, lipid droplet accumulation, energy metabolism, and antioxidant capacity were found in the olive-oil-treated hyphae. Transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression of various genes involved in the peroxisome pathway was upregulated in the olive-oil-treated hyphae, suggesting that peroxisomes may participate in <em>G. frondosa</em>'s response to olive oil. Overall, supplementing olive oil enhanced the growth and triterpenes production of <em>G. frondosa</em>. This study provides a strategy for improving the efficiency of industrial liquid fermentation for this mushroom.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 8","pages":"Article 101689"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The gene ste11 plays an important role in the mycelial abiotic stress tolerance and fruiting body formation of Flammulina filiformis","authors":"Yuan Sun ,&nbsp;Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaomeng Lyu ,&nbsp;Ao Liu ,&nbsp;Le Wang ,&nbsp;Qingji Wang ,&nbsp;Panmeng Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Macrofungi adapt to environmental changes through multiple signaling pathways. The Ste11 protein is a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) that functions in multiple signaling pathways, including the pheromone pathway, high osmolarity pathway, and starvation pathway. In <em>Flammulina filiformis</em>, <em>ste11</em> overexpression and RNA interference (RNAi) transformants were constructed. Overexpression of <em>ste11</em> increased the production of lignin-degrading enzymes (laccase, lignin peroxidase, and manganese peroxidase), hemicellulases, and carboxymethyl cellulases, which accelerated mycelial growth. Furthermore, <em>ste11</em> overexpression increased the accumulation of polysaccharides, flavonoids, and polyphenols, compounds known to stress tolerance. Consistent with this, <em>ste11</em> overexpression enhanced resistance to salt, heat/cold stress and acid/alkali conditions and promoted fruiting body formation. Conversely, RNAi-mediated knockdown of <em>ste11</em> resulted in opposite effects on enzyme production, stress tolerance, and fruiting body formation. These results demonstrate a dual role for <em>ste11</em> in regulating both abiotic stress tolerance and fruiting body development in <em>F. filiformis.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 8","pages":"Article 101685"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cbp1 protein is a peptidorhamnomannan adhesin that contributes to the Sporothrix schenckii virulence","authors":"Luisa M. Contreras-López ,&nbsp;Uriel Ramírez-Sotelo ,&nbsp;Iván Martínez-Duncker ,&nbsp;Bernardo Franco ,&nbsp;Héctor M. Mora-Montes","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Sporothrix schenckii</em> pathogenesis has been extensively studied to date, but several proteins of unknown function remain to be assigned to the infectious process. Previously, proteomic data showed that one protein was highly abundant (SPSK_02764) in cell wall peptidorhamnomannan, but no obvious homologs or sequence features hinted at the activity or function of this protein. In this work, <em>in vitro</em> analysis showed that this protein is highly glycosylated and is an adhesin with specificity for type-I and type-II collagen, renaming this protein as Collagen Binding Protein 1 or Cbp1. Yeast-like cells preincubated with anti-SPSK_02764 antibody reduced the ability to kill <em>Galleria mellonella</em> larvae and to induce immune effectors, suggesting a role for this protein in <em>S. schenckii</em> pathogenesis. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that the protein may be a moonlighting protein that is broadly present in Ascomycota and is sequence and structurally conserved. The findings shown here suggest that Cbp1 is another component of the <em>S. schenckii</em> cell wall and participates in host collagen binding, adding a new component to the pathogenesis toolbox of this organism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 8","pages":"Article 101682"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145359796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved production of mycophenolic acid in Penicillium brevicompactum by RNAi-mediated hmgcl gene silencing","authors":"Yi Lin ,&nbsp;JingJing Wang ,&nbsp;Lin Lin ,&nbsp;Tao Li ,&nbsp;Yan Yan ,&nbsp;Wei Wei ,&nbsp;Dongzhi Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Penicillium brevicompactum</em> is an industrial fungus used to produce mycophenolic acid (MPA), which has a strong Mevalonate (MVA) pathway metabolic flux. However, there are currently limited genetic manipulation tools available and few reports on metabolic regulation analysis for <em>P. brevicompactum</em>. In the synthesis of MPA, the MVA pathway is an important metabolic pathway, and it bifurcates at HMG-CoA, a critical node directing metabolic flux toward either MPA biosynthesis via HMG-CoA reductase or a bypass route mediated by HMG-CoA lyase (HMGCL). While metabolic engineering strategies for enhancing MPA have focused on upregulating the MVA pathway, suppression of competing HMG-CoA lyase-driven carbon diversion remains underexplored. Here, we employ RNA interference (RNAi) to silence <em>hmgcl</em> in <em>P. brevicompactum</em>, redirecting flux toward farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), the MPA precursor. Plasmid-based RNAi knockdown reduced <em>hmgcl</em> transcript levels to 6.3 % of wild-type, yielding a 59 % increase in MPA titer (4.36 g/L). Our findings establish RNAi-mediated pathway balancing as a potent strategy for optimizing isoprenoid biosynthesis and underscore the untapped potential of silencing competing enzymes in fungal secondary metabolism. This approach provides a scalable framework for enhancing high-value metabolites in non-model filamentous fungi.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 8","pages":"Article 101666"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observation of novel internal structures within sclerotia of industrial Aspergillus oryzae strains","authors":"Kazunori Sawada ,&nbsp;Takuji Yamada","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explored sclerotia-forming strains from industrial <em>Aspergillus oryzae</em> strains, focusing on factors contributing to sclerotial morphological diversity. Using rice bran medium, ten MAT1-1 industrial strains capable of producing sclerotia were newly identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strains in the specific clade are particularly prone to sclerotia formation under the conditions tested. Controlled environmental conditions, including specific CO₂ concentrations and incubation periods, facilitated the development of novel internal structures that have not been previously reported in <em>A. oryzae</em>. Although these internal structures resemble ascocarps found in other <em>Aspergillus</em> species, no evidence related to reproduction was identified. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the roles of these internal structures. The findings of this study provide a foundation for future research into the cryptic sexual reproduction of <em>A. oryzae</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 8","pages":"Article 101669"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecology of Rozellomycota in aquatic environments with differing redox conditions","authors":"Katrin Stüer-Patowsky ,&nbsp;Luis Javier Galindo ,&nbsp;Yvonne Bösch ,&nbsp;Christian Wurzbacher","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recently discovered prevalence of <em>Rozellomycota</em> in aquatic ecosystems establishes this poorly understood, holomycotan lineage as a group of critical importance for understanding aquatic ecology and fungal evolution. While gradually more genomes become available, knowledge on the ecology of <em>Rozellomycota</em> is still very scarce. After compiling their occurrences from public databases, we can clearly establish their abundance in aquatic environments, interestingly, with a dominance in carbon-rich sediments. Similarly, the carbon and nutrient rich artificial wastewater environment may serve as an example for a highly reduced environment that is inhabited by a diverse range of <em>Rozellomycota</em> lineages, despite being a prokaryote dominated environment. As the <em>Rozellomycota</em> from anaerobic environments are not monophyletic, the questions arise how the <em>Rozellomycota</em> adapt to differing redox conditions and if their parasitism could also have led to anaerobiosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 8","pages":"Article 101670"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycerol as a potential solution for rotifer protection against predatory fungi in wastewater treatment","authors":"Agnieszka Pajdak-Stós ,&nbsp;Yuliia Korzh ,&nbsp;Edyta Fiałkowska","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rotifers are key organisms in activated sludge, as they are able to increase flocculation, improve effluent quality and control activated sludge bulking caused by the overgrowth of filamentous bacteria. Unfortunately, their populations are endangered by predatory fungi, which are surprisingly common in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Looking for a remedy, we found that glycerol could impair the condition of rotiferovorous fungi while posing no threats to rotifers. We conducted experiments on the effects of glycerol at concentrations ranging from 0.005 % to 0.1 % on the growth rate of predatory fungi and rotifer survival in the presence of fungi to determine whether glycerol could be applied as protection for rotifers in the case of fungal infection in WWTPs. Our results showed that glycerol negatively affected both <em>Zoophagus</em> and <em>Lecoophagus</em> fungi. In both cases, the number of rotifers surviving in the presence of predatory fungi was much greater after glycerol addition. In the case of the mature mycelium of <em>Zoophagus</em>, the number of active rotifers was more than ten times greater at 0.005 % glycerol and 25 times greater at 0.1 % glycerol. In the case of <em>Lecophagus</em>, the number of active rotifers was almost two times greater at 0.005 % glycerol but almost six times greater at 0.1 % glycerol. Our experiments shed new light on the possibility of using rotifers for bulking control even when activated sludge is infected by predatory fungi. Moreover, it is another, beside improvement of nutrients removal, potential advantage of glycerol application in WWTPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 8","pages":"Article 101687"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the regulatory mechanisms of color formation in Naematelia sinensis fruiting bodies through multi-omics approaches","authors":"Yukang Zeng ,&nbsp;Zhenhui Shen ,&nbsp;Yao Cao ,&nbsp;Xiangying Luo ,&nbsp;Linlei Yang ,&nbsp;Qingqing Lu ,&nbsp;Rongchun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Naematelia sinensis</em> fruiting bodies, a complex composed of <em>Naematelia sinensis</em> and <em>Stereum hirsutum</em>, exhibit unique characteristics due to the symbiosis of these two fungi and their distinct color features. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the coloration of <em>N. sinensis</em> fruiting bodies and the interactions between the two fungi remain poorly understood. In this study, we integrated transcriptomic and non-targeted metabolomic data from three variants of <em>N. sinensis</em> fruiting bodies—white fruiting bodies (control), yellow variant (treatment_1), and yellow fruiting bodies (treatment_2)—to investigate the relationship between the two fungi and color accumulation. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the transcriptomic and metabolomic data showed overlap between control and treatment_1 but a clear separation from treatment_2, indicating the reliability of the data. Integrated analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome has unveiled key metabolic pathways associated with pigment accumulation in <em>N. sinensis</em> fruiting bodies. These pathways include the biosynthesis of cofactors, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, as well as the metabolism of tryptophan. In riboflavin metabolism, one gene (<em>NAU27003364</em>) was identified in <em>N. sinensis</em>, while three genes (<em>STEHIDRAFT_95968</em>, <em>STEHIDRAFT_153579</em>, and <em>STEHIDRAFT_86958</em>) were identified in <em>S</em>. <em>hirsutum</em>. The quantification of riboflavin and qRT-PCR results also indicated that most of them exhibited differences. This study represents the first multi-omics investigation into the functional pathways underlying color transformation in the fruiting bodies of <em>N. sinensis</em>, elucidating the regulatory interactions between <em>N. sinensis</em> and <em>S</em>. <em>hirsutum</em>. Our findings provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms of color transformation and the selective cultivation of fungal strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 8","pages":"Article 101667"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive osmoregulation in successive flushes of Agaricus bisporus by free amino acids and mannitol","authors":"Guus van Iersel,&nbsp;Brigit van Brenk,&nbsp;Robert-Jan Bleichrodt","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Agaricus bisporus</em>, a widely cultivated edible button mushroom, is grown on composted substrates in successive flushes. While the first flush yields the largest and highest-quality mushrooms, later flushes exhibit reduced productivity and quality. These differences are due to physico-chemical changes of the substrate such as nutrient and water availability. Mushroom growth relies on maintaining an osmotic gradient between the substrate and fruiting body to allow resource translocation to the mushrooms. Classically mannitol is known as the most important osmolyte in <em>A. bisporus</em> mushrooms. In this study, we investigated osmotic regulation during mushroom development over two flushes. We found that under standard cultivation conditions, the profile of organic osmolytes varies significantly between flushes in response to a changing substrate composition. During the first flush, when carbon is still abundant, mannitol is the dominant organic osmolyte supporting fruiting body expansion. In contrast, the second flush occurs under carbon-limited conditions, prompting a shift in osmotic strategy: fruiting bodies accumulate more nitrogen, with free amino acids contributing substantially to osmotic potential, reaching up to 11 % of the dry weight. These findings reveal a dynamic osmotic adaptation mechanism in <em>A. bisporus</em>, where different osmolytes are utilized depending on substrate nutrient availability. This metabolic flexibility likely helps sustaining growth under suboptimal conditions and results in mushrooms with improved nutritional quality in later flushes. Understanding the interplay between substrate composition, osmolyte profiles, and fruiting body physiology offers new avenues for optimizing mushroom yield and quality in commercial systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 8","pages":"Article 101688"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene clusters potentially involved in the virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae","authors":"Mauren Larangeira Ramos ,&nbsp;Maria Eduarda Deluca João ,&nbsp;Francisco Nunes Mielke,&nbsp;Alexandra de Azevedo da Rocha,&nbsp;Augusto Schrank,&nbsp;Livia Kmetzsch,&nbsp;Charley Christian Staats","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> is an entomopathogenic fungus that infects a diversity of arthropods and is considered a model for studies of fungal–insect relationships. The infection process is composed of several steps and involves the production of diverse secondary metabolites (SM). We performed <em>in</em> <em>silico</em> analysis to examine the potential role of <em>M. anisopliae</em> biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), which are responsible for the production of SMs), in virulence. We analyzed expression data from various conditions and created co-expression networks to infer how these BGCs might participate in the infection process. A cluster of co-expressed genes was identified with a high correlation during tick infection by <em>M. anisopliae</em>. To get more insights about the participation of such clusters in the infection process, we evaluated the expression of backbone genes from seven BGCs by employing RT-qPCR from RNA isolated from <em>M. anisopliae</em> cultured with the cells of amoeba <em>Acanthamoeba castellanii,</em> a model that mimics the interaction of fungal cells with phagocytes from insects. The gene MANI_006155, from the BGC MaNRPS12, showed statistically significant increased expression levels compared to control conditions. These results suggest that the applied protocol can be used to identify BGCs important for the virulence of <em>Metarhizium</em> species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 8","pages":"Article 101681"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}