Fungal biology最新文献

{"title":"Differential global gene transcription of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by zinc sulfate addition under acetic acid stress and identification of novel zinc and stress-responsive genes related to cell wall function","authors":"Ming-Ming Zhang ,&nbsp;Bing Yuan ,&nbsp;Yu-Zhen Li ,&nbsp;Xiao-Lu Wang ,&nbsp;Verawat Champreda ,&nbsp;Drauzio Eduardo Naretto Rangel ,&nbsp;Xin-Qing Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zinc sulfate is an important micronutrient for cell metabolism and stress protection. Acetic acid is a common inhibitor present in lignocellulosic hydrolysate, and the addition of zinc sulfate allows yeast cells to better cope with acetic acid stress. In-depth understanding of how zinc sulfate leads to changes in global gene transcription benefits efficient cellulosic ethanol production using robust yeast strains. Here, comparative transcriptomic analyses were performed using budding yeast <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> grown with and without zinc sulfate supplementation under acetic acid stress. Analysis showed enrichment of functions related to cell wall organization in the differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, we proved that deletion of two zinc-responsive genes, including <em>TPS2</em> related to trehalose biosynthesis and <em>CHS5</em> involved in protein export and chitin biosynthesis, respectively, impaired yeast growth under acetic acid stress. Meanwhile, weakened cell wall integrity of <em>S. cerevisiae</em> was observed by <em>TPS2</em> deletion. Furthermore, overexpression of <em>TPS2</em> and <em>CHS5</em> exerted a positive effect on yeast growth under acetic acid stress. These results reveal a novel connection between zinc sulfate-mediated metabolic regulation and cell wall integrity, as well as provide a novel strategy for the development of robust yeast strains for sustainable production of fuel ethanol and bio-based chemicals using lignocellulosic biomass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 4","pages":"Article 101573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of intestinal fungal community of Entomobrya proxima (Collembola: Entomobryinae) to fertilizer application","authors":"Xinyue Yang,&nbsp;Gang Li,&nbsp;Weiming Xiu","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil collembolans play a key role in maintaining soil health, with their intestinal fungal community contributing to host physiology through specialized metabolic functions. Despite their ecological importance, how fertilizers affect these fungal community remains unclear. This study investigated the response of the intestinal fungal community in <em>Entomobrya</em> <em>proxima</em> Folsom (<em>E. proxima</em>), a dominant collembolan species in North China farmlands, to organic and inorganic fertilizer application using high-throughput sequencing and qPCR technology. The treatments included control group (CG) with no fertilizer, three different rates organic fertilizer treatments at 1 % (Organic fertilizer treatment 1, O1), 6 % (Organic fertilizer treatment 2, O2) and 10 % (Organic fertilizer treatment 3, O3) and inorganic fertilizer treatments at 1 % (Inorganic fertilizer treatment 1, I1), 4 % (Inorganic fertilizer treatment 2, I2) and 6 % (Inorganic fertilizer treatment 3, I3). The results showed significant variations in intestinal fungal community abundance, with O1 and I3 showing markedly higher levels than CG. Fertilizer application generally reduced the Chao1 (used to characterize species richness) (except I2) and Shannon (used to characterize species diversity and evenness) indices of intestinal fungal community, though it had no notable effect on overall community structure. Ascomycota emerged as the dominant phylum within the fungal community. Organic fertilizer application specifically modified the relative abundance of <em>Microascus</em> and <em>Gibberella</em>, whereas inorganic fertilizer significantly affected <em>Scopulariopsis</em> proportion. Saprotrophy was identified as the primary trophic mode, though increasing inorganic fertilizer application led to a gradual rise in pathotroph-saprotroph-symbiotroph proportion. Functional analysis indicated that dung saprotrophs and undefined saprotrophs predominated, with organic fertilizer reducing animal pathogen abundance while inorganic fertilizer enhanced it proportionally with rates. The microfungus exhibited a clear growth advantage in terms of morphological characteristics. Community assembly was primarily governed by stochastic processes, with drift being the key driver. Compared to CG, dispersal limitation played a more significant role under O1 and I2, while homogeneous and heterogeneous selection became more influential under O2 and O3, respectively. Furthermore, the niche width observed under O1 was significantly broader than that of CG. These findings demonstrated that fertilizer types and rates significantly altered the abundance, diversity, composition, trophic mode, functions and assembly mechanism of intestinal fungal community of <em>E. proxima</em>. In addition, organic fertilizer induced more pronounced changes than inorganic fertilizer, which will highlight previously overlooked impacts of agricultural practices on soil fauna.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 4","pages":"Article 101585"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leading developments in basic research on aspergillosis and mucormycosis","authors":"Argha Sarkar ,&nbsp;Drauzio E.N. Rangel ,&nbsp;Nir Osherov","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This editorial presents an overview of notable contributions in basic research on aspergillosis and mucormycosis published between 2022 and 2024. Basic research in aspergillosis saw major advances in the field of genomics brought about by inexpensive whole-genome sequencing of hundreds of isolates. This has deepened our understanding of <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em> population structure, gene diversity, and the evolution of azole antifungal resistance. Basic research in mucormycosis saw interesting developments in our understanding of the interactions between <em>Rhizopus microsporus</em> and endosymbiotic bacteria that protect it against predatory soil amoeba and increase its virulence in models of infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 4","pages":"Article 101574"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemistry of microsclerotia differentiation in entomopathogenic fungi: from stress to colour, and implications for insect biocontrol","authors":"Carla Huarte-Bonnet ,&nbsp;Flávia R.S. Paixão ,&nbsp;Nicolás Pedrini","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microsclerotia (MS) are compact, pigmented propagules of entomopathogenic fungi that are resistant to desiccation and capable of producing infective conidia, positioning them as promising agents for biological control. The transition from conidia to microsclerotia in liquid media is triggered by oxidative stress and involves intricate signalling pathways that induce a range of cellular and molecular changes, including the activation of antioxidant defence systems, iron signalling, peroxisome biogenesis, and pigmentation. The biochemical processes influenced by MS-specific culture media are crucial for the development of fungal structures that exhibit thermotolerance, resilience, and high conidiogenesis. This review delves into these processes, examining the dynamics of aggregation, the role of reactive oxygen species in metabolic regulation, and the stress responses that drive melanin biosynthesis and, ultimately, MS maturation. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview of the bioinsecticidal activity of MS against arthropod pests, as reported in the literature, is also presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 4","pages":"Article 101576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Polyphasic approach to the selection of Esteya isolates for the control of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus” [Fungal Biol 128 (8) (2024) 2242–2249]","authors":"David Pires ,&nbsp;Cláudia S.L. Vicente ,&nbsp;Manuel Mota ,&nbsp;Maria L. Inácio","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101571","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 3","pages":"Article 101571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fusarium graminearum regulates kp4l genes, encoding killer toxins, during competitive interaction with other plant pathogenic Fusarium species","authors":"Arianna Petrucci ,&nbsp;Isabel Vicente ,&nbsp;Marco Cesarini ,&nbsp;Antonia Susca ,&nbsp;Sabrina Sarrocco ,&nbsp;Giovanni Vannacci","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Fusarium graminearum</em> (<em>Fg</em>) is one of the most virulent causal agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in Central Europe. The disease is also caused by other <em>Fusarium</em> species within the FHB Species Complex (FHBSC). Some <em>Fusarium</em> species secrete killer proteins (KPs) during host plant infection. <em>Fg</em> produces KP4-L killer toxins (FgKP4L), of which the clustered <em>Fgkp4l-1</em>, <em>-2</em>, <em>-3</em> genes and <em>Fgkp4l-4</em> (encoding for the heterodimeric KP4L-4 protein) are expressed in competitive interactions against the biocontrol agent <em>Trichoderma gamsii</em> T6085. We investigated the involvement of the four <em>Fgkp4l</em> genes in the competition with other plant-pathogenic <em>Fusarium</em> species either lacking KP4L proteins or carrying different combinations of them. <em>Fusarium sporotrichioides (Fs)</em> and <em>Fusarium langsethiae (Fl)</em> belonging to the FHBSC, and the outgroup <em>Fusarium verticillioides (Fv)</em>, were used for both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> tests. To monitor mycotoxin production, relative expression of <em>Tri4</em> gene included within the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway was also evaluated. In dual cultures, modulation of KP4L-encoding genes was tailored according to the facing species and the distance between fungi. Against <em>Fs</em>, the three clustered <em>Fgkp4l</em> genes were up-regulated but no changes on gene expression occurred with <em>Fl</em>. <em>Fgkp4l-2</em> was up-regulated facing <em>Fv</em> during the two contact independent stages (Early sensing and Sensing) of the interaction. The <em>Tri4</em> gene was expressed only during the <em>in vitro</em> interaction with <em>Fv,</em> but not on spikes. <em>Fgkp4l-2</em> and -<em>3</em> were up-regulated at 3 days post-inoculation on wheat heads inoculated with a mix of the four <em>Fusarium</em> species. Competition against the other <em>Fusarium</em> did not influence <em>Fg</em> growth rate on spikes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 4","pages":"Article 101569"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Talaromyces purpureogenus-mediated mycosynthesis of aluminium oxide nanoparticles and characterization of the physicochemical properties at different calcination temperatures","authors":"Muhammad Salahudin Kheirel Anuar ,&nbsp;Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah ,&nbsp;Muhammad Farhan Nazarudin ,&nbsp;Shamsu Ibrahim Ishaq ,&nbsp;Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai ,&nbsp;Annas Salleh ,&nbsp;Ina Salwany Md Yasin ,&nbsp;Mohd Termizi Yusof","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study reports an environmentally friendly and simple green technique for the synthesis of aluminium oxide nanoparticles (Al₂O₃-NPs). The green synthesis of Al₂O₃-NPs using natural products has garnered significant interest due to their non-toxic, cost-effective, convenient, and eco-friendly nature. However, there is limited literature on the green synthesis of Al₂O₃-NPs using fungal materials and the influence of calcination temperatures on the physicochemical characteristics of mycogenic nanoparticles (NPs). To date, no studies have explored the influence of calcination temperatures on the physicochemical characteristics of mycogenic Al₂O₃-NPs. This study aimed to compare and characterize the mycogenic synthesis of Al₂O₃-NPs and investigate how three different calcination temperatures influence the structural properties of the NPs. In this study, Al₂O₃-NPs were synthesized using the <em>Talaromyces purpureogenus</em> isolate SD7 through extracellular production. To study the effects of calcination temperatures on the physicochemical properties of the NPs, the mycogenic Al₂O₃-NPs were calcined at temperatures ranging from 550 °C to 750 °C based on thermogravimetric analysis. The samples were further characterized using various spectroscopic and imaging techniques. The analysis of ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) demonstrated that particle size escalated with elevated calcination temperatures. Characterization techniques using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), HR-TEM, and XRD confirmed that the Al₂O₃-NPs exhibited both rod-like, spherical structures with irregular sizes, and showed the presence of nanocrystalline γ-Al₂O₃. However, only the sample calcined at 550 °C remains within the nanoscale range, whereas samples treated at higher temperatures show considerable grain growth, exceeding the nanometer scale. This study showcases the potential of mycosynthesized Al₂O₃-NPs using fungal material as an eco-friendly alternative. It also emphasizes the significant influence of calcination temperatures on the structural and physicochemical properties of mycogenic Al₂O₃-NPs, underscoring their suitability for a wide range of applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 4","pages":"Article 101570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of genotyping methods for tracking the spread of Sporothrix during epidemics and outbreaks","authors":"Jamile Ambrósio de Carvalho ,&nbsp;Ferry Hagen ,&nbsp;Alexandro Bonifaz ,&nbsp;Rui Kano ,&nbsp;Zoilo Pires de Camargo ,&nbsp;Anderson Messias Rodrigues","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sporotrichosis, a neglected mycosis caused by <em>Sporothrix</em> species, has shown notable increases in prevalence and geographic spread, driven largely by the rise of cat-transmitted cases. Robust molecular tools are crucial for tracking this emergence. This study compared the performance of four genotyping methods—calmodulin (<em>CAL</em>) sequencing, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), simple sequence repeat (SSR), and T3B-random amplified polymorphic DNA (T3B-RAPD)—in differentiating <em>Sporothrix</em>, determining intraspecific diversity, and recognizing genotypes, using a collection of 53 isolates. <em>CAL</em> sequencing, with 108 variable sites and 17 haplotypes, was highly effective for species identification (bootstrap values: 92–100) but offered limited insight into intraspecific diversity (<em>H</em> = 0.351–0.897). AFLP analysis, particularly with primer combination #5 (<em>Rp</em> = 40.6415; <em>H</em> = 0.3306), showed greater resolving power and identified intraspecific subgroups. A panel of 15 SSRs demonstrated superior strain differentiation (<em>MI</em> = 0.9153; <em>PIC</em> = 0.9094; <em>D</em> = 0.7424). T3B-RAPD showed moderate diversity (<em>H</em> = 0.3837; <em>PIC</em> = 0.3101), aligning with <em>CAL</em> for species differentiation but exhibiting limitations in detailed genetic analysis (<em>Rp</em> = 7.1320). The AFLP markers showed high congruence with each other (up to r = 88.4 %) and with the SSRs (up to r = 79.41 %), whereas they were poorly concordant with <em>CAL</em> and T3B (r = 47.05–69.87 %). A strategy using AFLP or SSR is recommended to dissect both deep- and fine-scale genetic structures, whereas <em>CAL</em> and T3B are suitable for species identification, particularly in resource-limited settings. This approach enhances molecular epidemiology and surveillance efforts, supporting the effective tracking of <em>Sporothrix</em> outbreaks and guiding public health interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 4","pages":"Article 101566"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing mycophenolic acid production in Penicillium brevicompactum through Kozak-optimized 2A peptide multi-gene expression system","authors":"Jishou Wu ,&nbsp;TingTing Hu ,&nbsp;Lin Lin ,&nbsp;Yan Yan ,&nbsp;Tao Li ,&nbsp;Wei Wei ,&nbsp;Dongzhi Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although <em>Penicillium brevicompactum</em> is widely used for industrial mycophenolic acid (MPA) production, research on its metabolic engineering and gene regulation remains limited. Efficient, coordinated expression of multiple genes is crucial for optimizing biosynthetic circuits and metabolic pathways, yet current strategies often suffer from inefficiencies and imbalances. These challenges not only limit the production of the desired metabolic products but can also result in wasted resources and inhibited cell growth. In this study, we optimized the 2A peptide multi-gene expression system in <em>P. brevicompactum</em> by introducing the Kozak sequence. This modification significantly enhanced the transcription of two key genes in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway precursor farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP): the Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase gene (<em>ERG10</em>) and the HMG-CoA synthetase gene (<em>ERG13</em>). In the PP-K10K13 strain, the transcription levels of the <em>ERG10</em> and <em>ERG13</em> genes increased by 77.02 % and 67.63 %, respectively, compared to the PP-1013 strain, which lacked the Kozak sequence. Consequently, the mycophenolic acid (MPA) production reached 4.30 g/L, representing a 49.31 % increase relative to the wild-type strain (WT). Additionally, observations of the engineered strains incorporating the introduced Kozak sequence showed improved growth, evident in an increase in mycelial dry weight, indicating reduced growth inhibition from metabolic engineering modifications. These results demonstrated that the optimized 2A peptide expression system not only effectively enhanced product synthesis efficiency but also helped restore the normal growth state of the engineered strains. This system is poised to serve as an effective tool for multi-gene expression and further genetic engineering modifications in <em>P. brevicompactum</em>. The study provides a new strategy for constructing more efficient 2A peptide multi-gene expression systems in <em>Penicillium</em> or filamentous fungi in future research endeavors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 3","pages":"Article 101568"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of increased amphotericin B resistance in Coniochaeta polymorpha isolates from Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus droppings in Spitsbergen","authors":"Jakub Suchodolski,&nbsp;Mateusz Parol,&nbsp;Magdalena Cal-Smok,&nbsp;Agata Piecuch,&nbsp;Rafał Ogórek","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study examines <em>Coniochaeta polymorpha</em> strains isolated from reindeer droppings in Spitsbergen, focusing on their growth characteristics, antifungal resistance profiles, and enzymatic activities. Notably, all strains exhibited high resistance to fluconazole (MIC, 256 μg/mL), suggesting an inherent trait. Amphotericin B sensitivity varied, with some strains showing high MIC values, indicating emerging resistance. This occurrence is notable in polar ecosystems, which are minimally impacted by human activity. Moreover, enzymatic assays revealed significant proteolytic and esterase activities, as well as partial α-hemolysis, suggesting enhanced virulence potential in <em>C. polymorpha</em>. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed genetic diversity among six isolated strains, highlighting distinct clades within the species. These findings contribute to understanding <em>C. polymorpha</em> pathogenic potential and ecological versatility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 3","pages":"Article 101567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}