Fungal biology最新文献

{"title":"Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and other anthocyanins affect enniatins production in Fusarium avenaceum","authors":"Linda Felici ,&nbsp;Vessela Atanasova ,&nbsp;Nadia Ponts ,&nbsp;Christine Ducos ,&nbsp;Sara Francesconi ,&nbsp;Francesco Sestili ,&nbsp;Florence Richard-Forget ,&nbsp;Giorgio Mariano Balestra","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), caused by various <em>Fusarium</em> species, is a major threat to global cereal production. <em>F. avenaceum</em> is an important FHB pathogen producing enniatin mycotoxins. While several studies have explored the antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic potential of different phenolic compounds, the effects of anthocyanins (pigments abundant in plants including certain cereals) remain poorly understood. This study explored the effects of anthocyanins on <em>F. avenaceum</em> conidial germination, fungal biomass and enniatins production. <em>In vitro</em> assays revealed that while anthocyanidins (cyanidin, delphinidin) inhibited conidial germination, cyanidin 3-<em>O</em>-glucoside and delphinidin 3-<em>O</em>-glucoside increased fungal biomass. Notably, cyanidin 3-<em>O</em>-glucoside and delphinidin consistently reduced enniatins production (A1, B and B1), whereas delphinidin 3-<em>O</em>-glucoside primarily reduced enniatin A1. These contrasting effects can likely be ascribed to presence or absence of the glycosylated moiety, distinct degradation pathways, and the influence of anthocyanins on fungal gene expression, including the regulation of key genes involved in enniatin biosynthesis and oxidative homeostasis. Furthermore, the study examined the concurrent effects of cyanidin 3-<em>O</em>-glucoside and ferulic acid, another plant phenolic compound. When combined, ferulic acid stabilized cyanidin 3-<em>O</em>-glucoside, preserving its anti-mycotoxin activity, while antifungal potential of ferulic acid was abrogated, highlighting the complex interactions between these compounds. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential of anthocyanins as natural anti-mycotoxin agents and suggest an optimization of their use for mycotoxin control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 6","pages":"Article 101640"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of climatic variability on the occurrence of Aspergillus species in commercial maize from different agro-climatic regions in South Africa","authors":"Queenta Ngum Nji ,&nbsp;Olubukola Oluranti Babalola ,&nbsp;Mulunda Mwanza","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most African research reports on the frequent aflatoxin contamination of various foodstuffs, with few reports giving details of the <em>Aspergillus</em> species present in these commodities. Numerous research works provide evidence of the ability of fungi to grow, thrive, and interact with other crop species and focus on the fact that these processes are largely affected by climatic variables. As opposed to the attention directed to the above-mentioned themes, information on the biodiversity of <em>Aspergillus</em> species in maize in most African countries, including South Africa, is lacking. This study on <em>Aspergillus</em> species in maize serves to close that gap in that it attempts to establish a comprehensive and most recent picture of the biodiversity of <em>Aspergillus</em> species in South African (SA) commercial maize across the respective climatic regions. Thus, it sets out to predict changes in the distribution of these fungal species, their contamination effects on maize variety as well as to identify and differentiate the aflatoxigenic <em>Aspergillus</em> strains from the non-aflatoxigenic ones under changing climate scenarios across the respective agro-climatic regions of South Africa. By applying molecular methods, a total of 1028 maize samples from six distinct agro-climatic regions, namely, Western Free State (WFS), Eastern Free State (EFS), Northern Free State (NFS), Southern Free State (SFS), North-West (NW), and Gauteng Province (GP) were examined for contamination by the <em>Aspergillus</em> species. About 29.67 % of the maize samples were contaminated by at least one of the eight <em>Aspergillus</em> species that were isolated in this study. Less than 30 % (28.95 %) of the 228 isolates subjected to the aflatoxigenic test was found to possess at least one of the aflatoxin biosynthetic genes. In all, the occurrence of the <em>Aspergillus</em> species (especially <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em>) in SA commercial maize are significantly influenced (P &lt; 0.0001) by maize variety, year of cultivation as well as the agro-climatic region in which the maize is cultivated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 6","pages":"Article 101639"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The transcription factor MrbHLH2 significantly affects stress resistance and insect virulence in Metarhizium robertsii","authors":"Yifan Kong ,&nbsp;Yang Yang ,&nbsp;Shaoxiong Zhu,&nbsp;Limei Yang,&nbsp;Bo Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are essential regulators of various biological processes, including growth, development, and stress responses in eukaryotes. Despite their importance, the specific roles of bHLH factors in entomopathogenic fungi remain inadequately understood. In this study, we identified and characterized the bHLH transcription factor MrbHLH2 in the entomopathogenic fungus <em>Metarhizium robertsii</em>, which is widely used in biological control. Subcellular localization studies confirmed that MrbHLH2 is predominantly located in the nuclei of conidia. The deletion of <em>MrbHLH2</em> (Δ<em>MrbHLH2</em>) resulted in enhanced tolerance to osmotic and heat stress, while simultaneously decreasing tolerance to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Notably, Δ<em>MrbHLH2</em> exhibited significantly reduced virulence, as indicated by a 0.83-day increase in LT₅₀ compared to the wild-type strain, along with delayed appressorium formation, impaired cuticle penetration and downregulation of several virulence-related genes. This study contributes to the understanding of bHLH transcription factors in entomopathogenic fungi and underscores the potential of targeting these factors to enhance the biocontrol efficacy of fungal pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 6","pages":"Article 101636"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZnCl2 inhibits postharvest disease on pear and crabapple by inducing autophagy of Penicillium expansum","authors":"Jinyue Sun ,&nbsp;Jia-Neng Pan ,&nbsp;Tianzhu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Zheng ,&nbsp;Wen-Wen Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Penicillium expansum</em> is a phytopathogen causing postharvest disease of many fruits, which has led to enormous losses. Therefore, it is of great significance to take efficient methods to control this notorious phytopathogen. In this study, zinc, an essential trace element for human body, has been found to be able to effectively inhibit the <em>P. expansum</em> mycelial growth on PDA and burst of ROS in the fungal hyphae. Additionally, the transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis indicated that zinc induces autophagy and autophagic vacuoles in <em>P. expansum</em>. Furthermore, the zinc inhibits the activity of six key enzymes (PDH, SDH, CS, IDH, MDH, KGDH) in TCA pathway to inhibit the growth of <em>P. expansum</em>. The decrease of ATPase activity indicated that the function of mitochondria in <em>P. expansum</em> was destroyed after the treatment of zinc. Finally, the sodium alginate (SA)@ZnCl₂ coatings were verified to be effective in inhibiting the postharvest disease of pear and crabapple. Collectively, all the above results showed that zinc had great efficacy in suppressing <em>P. expansum</em> on fruit surfaces by inducing autophagy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 6","pages":"Article 101635"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring vitamin D3 profile of epiphytic lichen forming fungi in forest ecosystems: Influence of habitat-dependent ecological variables","authors":"Gülşah Çobanoğlu ,&nbsp;Hilmi Özdemir ,&nbsp;Mehmet Özdemir ,&nbsp;Gafura Aylak Özdemir ,&nbsp;Emrah Özdemir ,&nbsp;Fatma Ebru Koç ,&nbsp;Ahmet Özcan","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitamin D is critically important for sustainable human health, and the rising prevalence of deficiency-related diseases has increased interest in natural sources. This study explores the potential of epiphytic lichen-forming fungi, known for their unique metabolites, as a novel biosource of vitamin D₃ for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Fourteen epiphytic lichen species were collected using a stratified sampling method from four mountainous forests in the Marmara Region of Türkiye. Vitamin D₃ contents of the samples were analysed in relation to six ecological variables: study area layer, stand type, tree species, altitude, aspect, and air humidity and temperature. Extraction methods including maceration, Soxhlet, and supercritical CO₂ techniques were applied, followed by HPLC analysis. Olive oil-based maceration was identified as the most efficient extraction method. One-way ANOVA showed significant associations between vitamin D₃ content and lichen species (p = 0.024), layer, stand, and tree species. Concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 20.33 μg/g, with <em>Bryoria fuscescens</em>, <em>Evernia prunastri</em>, and <em>Pseudevernia furfuracea</em> yielding the highest values. The highest vitamin D₃ levels were detected in Uludağ, especially in coniferous forests dominated by <em>Pinus nigra</em>. The results indicated that forest layer, stand, altitude, and tree species significantly influence vitamin D₃ amounts, while aspect and humidity do not. This is the first study to comprehensively report natural vitamin D₃ content in lichens, filling an important scientific gap and demonstrating their potential as an eco-sustainable resource for vitamin D₃ production</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 6","pages":"Article 101634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UIon antagonism strategy for cadmium mitigation in Morchella sextelata: Physiological and metabolomic insights","authors":"Li Long ,&nbsp;Maohang Jia ,&nbsp;Shuang Feng ,&nbsp;Zhangfu Long ,&nbsp;Heng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium (Cd) contamination in edible fungi poses a significant threat to food safety. However, targeted strategies to regulate Cd uptake and enhance Cd stress tolerance in <em>Morchella sextelata</em> remain largely unexplored. Given that <em>M. sextelata</em> mycelia can autonomously adsorb beneficial metal ions to promote growth, regulating Cd absorption through ion–ion interactions emerges as a promising approach. In this study, under 1 mg/L Cd stress, the exogenous application of Fe²⁺ and Mn²⁺ at a 1:1 M ratio significantly increased mycelial biomass by 20.49 % and 22.11 %, respectively, and effectively reduced Cd accumulation. In contrast, Mg²⁺ led to a moderate biomass increase of 8.94 %. Notably, Fe²⁺ effectively inhibited Cd accumulation in mycelia, reducing Cd content by 81.76 %. Moreover, the addition of divalent ions significantly alleviated osmotic stress in the mycelia, preventing the efflux of sugars and proteins. LC-MS/MS-based metabolomic profiling identified 1446 metabolites. One-way ANOVA revealed distinct metabolic changes associated with metal ion treatments under Cd stress. KEGG pathway enrichment indicated that histidine metabolism plays a key role in the Cd stress mitigation process. VIP (Variable Importance in Projection) analysis further identified key metabolites involved in the repair response. Correlation analysis highlighted carnitine as a core metabolite significantly associated with phenotypic improvements across all treatments. In summary, this study presents the first attempt to regulate Cd accumulation in <em>M. sextelata</em> through divalent ion application. It provides novel insights into the physiological and metabolic mechanisms underlying this ion-mediated mitigation strategy</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 6","pages":"Article 101633"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myxomycetes in urban green space in subtropical China: Spatiotemporal patterns override forest type effects","authors":"Wen-Long Song ,&nbsp;Di Lin ,&nbsp;Min-Li Cai ,&nbsp;Xia Chen ,&nbsp;Qun Dai ,&nbsp;Shuang-Lin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban green areas are vital yet underexplored reservoirs of microbial diversity in cities. This study examines myxomycete communities in Zijin Mountain National Forest Park, a subtropical urban forest in Nanjing, China, across four seasons and multiple forest types. Combining field collections and moist chamber cultures, we documented 60 species from 906 occurrence records. Seasonal variation dominated community dynamics, with species richness peaking in summer and declining in winter. β-diversity was primarily driven by species turnover (<em>β</em>_<em>sim</em> = 0.23–0.28), with nestedness playing a minor role across temporal and spatial scales. <em>Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa</em> emerged as a forest-type indicator for mixed broad-leaved stands, while <em>Arcyria cinerea</em> and <em>Cribraria violacea</em> tracked seasonal humidity changes. Crucially, myxomycete composition showed no statistically significant differentiation among forest types, a departure from natural ecosystems, suggesting that urban management homogenizes habitats critical for microbial niche partitioning. These findings highlight urban parks’ underrecognized role in preserving myxomycete diversity but reveal their vulnerability to microhabitat simplification. We advocate conseration of decaying wood and leaf litter to maintain ecological functions, offering actionable strategies for biodiversity-informed urban planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 6","pages":"Article 101632"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agaricus bisporus mushrooms are supplied with water through both apoplastic as well as symplastic routes from distinct substrate layers","authors":"Koen C. Herman ,&nbsp;Guus van Iersel ,&nbsp;Jan Dijksterhuis ,&nbsp;Han A.B. Wösten ,&nbsp;Robert-Jan Bleichrodt","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Agaricus bisporus</em> is grown commercially on compost topped with a peat-based casing layer. Water is translocated from compost and casing to enable formation of mushrooms. Here, water translocation from casing and different parts of the compost into mushrooms was studied and linked to their water potential and contributing factors thereof: i.e. osmotic- and matric potentials. Water in the mushrooms mainly originated from the casing and to a lesser extent from the top and middle layers of the compost. Based on these results, alternative casing regimes were tested to increase mushroom production. This resulted in a total yield increase of up to 1.4-fold when the old casing was topped with a fresh layer of casing or when the casing was replaced after harvesting the second flush. Data indicate that the difference in water potential can drive passive water translocation from the casing to the first flush, without expending cellular energy. However during the second flush, no such water potential gradient is established between casing and the mushrooms, yet mushrooms still develop. The water potential in the compost indicates that water cannot be translocated to the mushrooms at all. Therefore, other components of the water potential should drive this water flow. We have indications that this component is the turgor of the mycelium. Moreover, we found a novel route of water translocation from casing to mushrooms via the apoplast.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 6","pages":"Article 101623"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience in the Mycelial Network","authors":"Alene Alder-Rangel ,&nbsp;Drauzio E.N. Rangel","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concept of resilience in the mycelial network highlights the remarkable ability of fungi to adapt, persist, and flourish under fluctuating and often adverse environmental conditions. This thematic focus underpins the fifth special issue of the <em>International Symposium on Fungal Stress (ISFUS)</em>, titled <em>“Resilience in the Mycelial Network”</em>, which features seventeen peer-reviewed articles. Most contributions address agricultural and environmental aspects of fungal stress biology, while three explore clinically relevant fungal stress responses. In this editorial, we examine the key insights emerging from this collection, emphasising the diverse strategies employed by fungi to cope with biotic and abiotic challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 5","pages":"Article 101622"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual peroxiredoxin or Tor pathway components are not required for circadian clock function in Neurospora crassa","authors":"Christina M. Kelliher ,&nbsp;Jay C. Dunlap","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In many model organisms, the circadian system has been proposed to comprise multiple oscillators that interact to promote accuracy of the clock as well as intricacies of rhythmic outputs. In <em>Neurospora crassa</em>, the circadian transcriptional/translational loop comprising of the FRQ (Frequency) and WCC (White Collar Complex) proteins has been instrumental in explaining many attributes of the clock including entrainment and rhythms in development and gene expression; in addition, some non-circadian oscillations can be unmasked when the FRQ-WCC feedback loop is eliminated. These rhythms have often lost defining circadian characteristics and are potentially controlled by other oscillators, termed FRQ-less oscillators (FLOs) in <em>Neurospora</em>. Understanding the biology of these oscillators and their hierarchical relationship with the FRQ-WCC oscillator (FWO) are salient questions in rhythms research. In this study, we examined candidate FLO effector pathways involving peroxiredoxins (Prxs) and mTOR. We find that independent gene knockouts compromising each pathway do not alter circadian period length or decrease the amplitude of the core circadian FWO rhythm in any meaningful way in <em>Neurospora</em>. Our findings suggest that molecular rhythms in Prx oxidation and in mTOR activity on the <em>chol-1</em> FLO oscillator are neither required for nor strongly regulate FWO components during a normal circadian day.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":"129 6","pages":"Article 101619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}