Fungal biology最新文献

{"title":"X-ray fluorescence and XANES spectroscopy revealed diverse potassium chemistries and colocalization with phosphorus in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus ammoniavirescens","authors":"Jocelyn A. Richardson ,&nbsp;Benjamin D. Rose ,&nbsp;Kevin Garcia","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi play a major role in forest ecosystems and managed tree plantations. Particularly, they facilitate mineral weathering and nutrient transfer towards colonized roots. Among nutrients provided by these fungi, potassium (K) has been understudied compared to phosphorus (P) or nitrogen (N). The ECM fungus <em>Paxillus ammoniavirescens</em> is a generalist species that interacts with the root of many trees and can directly transfer K to them, including loblolly pine. However, the forms of K that ECM fungi can store is still unknown. Here, we used synchrotron potassium X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and K-edge X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy on <em>P. ammoniavirescens</em> growing in axenic conditions to investigate the K chemistries accumulating in the center and the edge of the mycelium. We observed that various K forms accumulated in different part of the mycelium, including K-nitrate (KNO₃), K-C-O compounds (such as K-tartrate K₂(C₄H₄O₆) and K-oxalate (K₂C₂O₄)), K-S and K-P compounds. Saprotrophic fungi have been shown to excrete carboxylic acids, which in turn play a role in soil mineral weathering. Our finding of several K counter-ions to carboxylic acids may suggest that, besides their direct transfer to colonized roots, K ions can also be involved in the production of compounds necessary for sourcing nutrients from their surrounding environment by ECM fungi. Additionally, this work reveals that XANES spectroscopy can be used to identify the various forms of K accumulating in biological systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The conserved WetA protein involved in asexual development in fungi is localized to the nuclei in the asexual spores of Paecilomyces variotii","authors":"Nicholas F. Chong ,&nbsp;Andrew S. Urquhart ,&nbsp;Alexander Idnurm","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mutations have underpinned research into gene characterization across all domains of life. This includes the discovery of the genes involved in the development of asexual spores in filamentous fungi. Mutants in the ascomycete <em>Paecilomyces variotii</em> were isolated with impaired biosynthesis of the characteristic yellow pigment produced by this filamentous fungus. The affected genes were identified as <em>pvpP</em>, encoding the polyketide synthase that is required for synthesis of the pigment YWA1, and <em>abaA</em> and <em>wetA</em> that are two genes that encode components of the AbaA-BrlA-WetA module required for the development of asexual spores in species in the Eurotiales order. WetA was further characterized. A strain expressing a functional WetA-GFP fusion was created and used to find that WetA is expressed primarily in spores and concentrated in their nuclei, providing evidence that this conserved protein likely functions as a regulator of transcription in conidia. Analysis of the phenotypes of the <em>P. variotii wetA</em> mutant suggests that how this three-protein module impacts fungal biology will vary from species-to-species, despite being conserved amongst filamentous Ascomycete species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878614624001077/pdfft?md5=13bb642764cd5f7ae58cf258c2e2267e&pid=1-s2.0-S1878614624001077-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141991160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resolution melting curve analysis: A detection assay for Ceratocystis eucalypticola and C. manginecans in infected Eucalyptus","authors":"Kira M.T. Lynn ,&nbsp;Michael J. Wingfield ,&nbsp;Almuth Hammerbacher ,&nbsp;Irene Barnes","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.07.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Eucalyptus</em> spp. in plantations are negatively affected by canker and wilt diseases caused by several species of <em>Ceratocystis</em>, particularly those in the Latin American Clade (LAC). <em>Ceratocystis eucalypticola</em> and <em>Ceratocystis manginecans</em> are of particular concern where disease epidemics are reported globally, with recent outbreaks emerging in South African and Indonesian <em>Eucalyptus</em> plantations. Consequently, a rapid screening protocol is required for these pathogens. In this study, a high-resolution melting curve analysis (HRMA) was developed to detect <em>C</em>. <em>eucalypticola</em> and <em>C</em>. <em>manginecans</em> that bypasses time-consuming isolation and post-PCR procedures. Primers targeting a 172 bp region of the cerato-platanin (CP) gene were designed. Using these primers, the accuracy of HRMA to detect and distinguish between these two LAC species was assessed using pure fungal DNA, and DNA extracted directly from <em>Eucalyptus</em> samples naturally infected with <em>C</em>. <em>eucalypticola</em>. The assay accurately detected the presence of <em>C. eucalypticola</em> and <em>C. manginecans</em> and quantifies their DNA, both from cultures, and directly from wood samples. HRMA further differentiated these two species from all other tested LAC individuals. This assay was also able to detect the presence of all the tested LAC species and distinguish seven of these, including <em>C. fimbriata,</em> to species level. <em>Ceratocystis polyconidia</em> was the only non-LAC off-target species detected. Based on these results, the developed assay can be used to rapidly identify <em>C. eucalypticola</em> and <em>C. manginecans</em> directly from infected plant material or fungal cultures, with the potential to also screen for several other LAC species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878614624001041/pdfft?md5=69d08805808447a54f673db3b2857d04&pid=1-s2.0-S1878614624001041-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141964255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into the nuclear distribution patterns of conidia and the asexual life cycle of Polyporus umbellatus","authors":"Shoujian Li,&nbsp;Bing Li,&nbsp;Xinlei Xu,&nbsp;Youyan Liu,&nbsp;Yongmei Xing,&nbsp;Shunxing Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>P. umbellatus</em> sclerotium is a traditional Chinese medicine that is widely utilized in China, Korea, Japan, and other countries due to its diverse medicinal activities, such as diuretic, antitumor, anticancer, and immune system enhancement effects. Conidia, which are common asexual spores in various fungi, are not universally present in <em>Polyporus</em> species. In this study, the asexual life cycle of <em>P</em>. <em>umbellatus</em> was elucidated. Conidia, i.e. arthorconidia, were produced by both dikaryotic and monokaryotic strains. In the dikaryotic strain, binucleate, uninucleate, and nuclei-free conidia were identified with proportions of 67.9 %, 12.4 %, and 19.7 %, respectively. Conversely, the monokaryotic strain did not produce binucleate conidia. This discrepancy suggests that binucleate spores are heterokaryons, while uninucleate spores are homokaryons. Clamp connections were observed in dikaryotic hyphae, but were absent in monokaryotic hyphae. Monokaryotic strains were obtained from conidia of the dikaryotic strain. Additionally, mating types were determined through pairing tests, and successful crossbreeding occurred between monokaryotic strains derived from conidia and basidiospores from different strains. This study introduced the first crossbreeding strategy for <em>P</em>. <em>umbellatus</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological niche modeling of Lactarius deliciosus using kuenm R package: Insights into habitat preferences","authors":"Daniela Cedano Giraldo,&nbsp;Derya Mumcu Kucuker","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding species habitat preferences is essential for conservation and management efforts, as it enables the identification of areas with a higher likelihood of species presence. <em>Lactarius deliciosus</em> (L.) Gray, an economically important edible mushroom, is influenced by various environmental variables, yet information regarding its ecological niche remains elusive. Therefore, in this study, we aim to address this gap by modeling the fundamental niche of <em>L</em>. <em>deliciosus</em>. Specifically, we explore its distribution patterns in response to large-scale environmental factors, including long-term temperature averages and topography. We employed 242 presence-only georeferenced points in Europe obtained from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Utilizing the Kuenm R package, we constructed 210 models incorporating five sets of environmental variables, 14 regularization multiplier values, and three feature class combinations. Evaluation metrics included statistical significance, predictive power, and model complexity. The final model was transferred to Turkiye, with careful consideration of extrapolation risk using MESS (multivariate similarity surface) and MoD (most dissimilar variable) metrics. In alignment with all three evaluation criteria, the algorithm implemented in Kuenm identified the best model as the linear-quadratic combination with a regularization multiplier of 0.2, based on variables selected by the contribution importance method. Results underscore temperature-related variables as critical determinants of <em>L</em>. <em>deliciosus</em> habitat preferences within the calibration area, with solar radiation also playing a significant role in the final model. These results underscored the effectiveness of ecological niche modeling (ENM) in understanding how climatic patterns may alter the distribution of species like <em>L</em>. <em>deliciosus</em>. The findings contribute to the development of informed conservation strategies and decision-making in dynamic environments. Emphasizing a comprehensive approach to ecological modeling is crucial for promoting sustainable forest management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141845672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the efficacy of probiotic bacterial strain Lactobacillus plantarum for inhibition of fungal strains associated with historical manuscript deterioration: An experimental study","authors":"Mahmoud Abdel-Nasser ,&nbsp;Gomaa Abdel-Maksoud ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Eid ,&nbsp;Mohamed Ali Abdel-Rahman ,&nbsp;Saad El-Din Hassan ,&nbsp;Aya Abdel-Nasser ,&nbsp;Amr Fouda","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study is to develop safe biological methods for controlling fungal deterioration of historical manuscripts. Therefore, fifteen fungal isolates were obtained from paper sheets and leather skins of a deteriorated historical manuscript (dated back to the 13th century). Those isolates were identified using both traditional methods and ITS-sequencing analysis. <em>Aspergillus niger</em> accounted for seven strains, <em>Penicillium citrinum</em> for one strain, <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> for three, <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em> for one, <em>Aspergillus nidulans</em> for one, and <em>Penicillium chrysogenum</em> for two of the fungal strains that were obtained. The ability of fungal strains for the secretion of cellulase, amylase, gelatinase, and pectinase as hydrolytic enzymes was evaluated. The capability of the probiotic-bacterial strain <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em> DSM 20174 for inhibition of fungal strains that cause severe deterioration was studied using ethyl acetate-extract. The metabolic profile of the ethyl acetate-extract showed the presence of both high- and low-molecular-weight active compounds as revealed by GC-MS analysis. The safe dose to prevent fungal growth was determined by testing the ethyl acetate extract's biocompatibility against Wi38 and HFB4 as normal cell lines. The extract was found to have a concentration-dependent cytotoxic impact on Wi38 and HFB4, with IC₅₀ values of 416 ± 4.5 and 349.7 ± 5.9 μg mL⁻¹, respectively. It was suggested that 100 μg mL⁻¹ as a safe concentration could be used for paper preservation. Whatman filter paper treated with ethyl acetate extract was used to cultivate the fungal strain <em>Penicillium citrinum</em> AX2. According to data analysis, fungal inhibition measurement, SEM, ATR-FT-IR, XRD, color change measurement, and mechanical property assessment, the recommended concentration of ethyl acetate extract was adequate to protect paper inoculated with the highest enzymatic producer fungi, <em>P</em>. <em>citrinum</em> AX2.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring fungi and mycotoxin potential in pistachio nuts of Turkish origin: A snap-shot for climate change scenario","authors":"Pamela Anelli, Miriam Haidukowski, Massimo Ferrara, Asli Kisikkaya, Ceyda Pembeci, Hayrettin Ozer, Giuseppina Mulè, Martina Loi, Antonio Moretti, Antonia Susca","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.07.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2024.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"Pistachio ( L.) is an economically important tree nut. Due to its nutritional properties and health benefits, it is considered a healthy food and thus widely consumed worldwide. However, fungal contamination of the commodities has received considerable attention because of possible contamination by toxigenic fungi, important source of mycotoxins, resulting from secondary metabolism and hazards to health consumer. Members of the genus , mainly and , are reported as occurring most frequently on pistachio nuts, because able to grow in the presence of low amounts of water and to produce mycotoxins (aflatoxins and ochratoxins), that are well known for their harmful health effects on humans.","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of Calonectria species from leaves and soils in diseased southern China Eucalyptus plantation","authors":"QianLi Liu ,&nbsp;Michael J. Wingfield ,&nbsp;Tuan A. Duong ,&nbsp;Brenda D. Wingfield ,&nbsp;ShuaiFei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Calonectria leaf blight (CLB) is one of the best-known diseases of <em>Eucalyptus</em> spp., particularly in Asia and South America. Recently, typical symptoms of leaf and shoot blight caused by <em>Calonectria</em> spp. Were observed in a <em>Eucalyptus</em> plantation in the YunNan Province of southwestern China. Isolations were made from diseased leaves and top soil collected below the diseased trees to determine the causal agent of the disease and to consider the distribution characteristics of the <em>Calonectria</em> species. This resulted in 417 isolates, of which 228 were from leaves and 189 were from soil. Based on comparisons of DNA sequences for the <em>act</em> (actin), <em>cmdA</em> (calmodulin), <em>his3</em> (histone H3), <em>rpb2</em> (the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase), <em>tef1</em> (translation elongation factor 1-alpha) and <em>tub2</em> (β-tubulin) gene regions, as well as morphological characteristics, 11 <em>Calonectria</em> species were identified. These included <em>Calonectria aciculata</em> (0.7 %), <em>Ca. colhounii</em> (1.2 %), <em>Ca. eucalypti</em> (10.6 %) and <em>Ca. honghensis</em> (43.2 %) in the <em>Ca. colhounii</em> species complex, and <em>Ca. aconidialis</em> (15.3 %), <em>Ca. asiatica</em> (9.8 %), <em>Ca. hongkongensis</em> (1.0 %), <em>Ca. ilicicola</em> (6.0 %), <em>Ca. kyotensis</em> (0.5 %), and <em>Ca. yunnanensis</em> (11.3 %) in the <em>Ca. kyotensis</em> species complex. In addition, a novel species, accounting for 0.5 % of the isolates, was discovered and is described here as <em>Ca. dianii</em> sp. nov. in the <em>Ca colhounii</em> species complex. Most (99.1 %) of the isolates collected from the leaves resided in the <em>Ca. colhounii</em> species complex and a majority (95.8 %) of those from the soils were in <em>Ca. kyotensis</em> species complex. These results suggest that <em>Calonectria</em> spp. in the <em>Ca. colhounii</em> species complex infecting leaves might be adapted to that niche and that those in the <em>Ca. kyotensis</em> species complex are better adapted to a soil habitat.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Fusarium spp. on different maize commercial hybrids: disease evaluation and mycotoxin contamination","authors":"Agustín F. Arata ,&nbsp;Mauro Martínez ,&nbsp;Claudia Castellari ,&nbsp;Diego Cristos ,&nbsp;Natalia V. Pesquero ,&nbsp;María I. Dinolfo","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Maize is one of the most important crops cultivated worldwide, whose production can be affected by the presence of several pathogens. <em>Fusarium verticillioides</em> and <em>Fusarium graminearum</em> are the most predominant pathogens affecting maize ears. However, few studies have been focused on studying the interaction between both pathogens in field conditions. For this reason, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the interaction between <em>F. graminearum</em> and <em>F. verticillioides</em> in different genotypes of maize under field conditions. Field experiments were carried out during two growing seasons in Azul, Argentina, including 12 commercial hybrids of maize, which were inoculated with <em>F. graminearum</em>, <em>F. verticillioides</em>, and a mixture of both pathogens. Phenotypic traits (plant height, plant diameter, tiller and cob number, and radiation interception), disease evaluation, and mycotoxin contamination were analyzed. The results showed significant differences between genotypes in disease severity (DS) for both years. In general terms, higher values of DS were reported in 2020 (21.70% ± 0.40) than in 2021 (16.50% ± 0.20). Different climatic conditions registered along the assay, especially precipitations and relative humidity, could be responsible for the differences observed over the years. Moreover, no significant correlations were found regarding DS and mycotoxin contamination for each genotype. For these reasons, an automatic correspondence between DS and mycotoxin contamination could lead to wrong agronomic decisions. The present study points out novel information regarding plant–pathogen interaction (maize-<em>F. verticillioides/F. graminearum</em>) under field conditions that could be useful for future maize breeding programmes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141736604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycoprotein nanoparticles in agriculture","authors":"J.C. Tarafdar","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"A32 kDa protein from fungi can be used to produce nanoparticles which might be use as nanofertilisers needed by plants. There are large numbers of fungi which can be used for the efficient synthesis of nanofertiliser particles. Generally, the formation of nanoparticles by fungi involves metal capture, enzymatic reduction and capping on their surface. Metal ions are located either on the outer surface or inside fungal cells and then chemically reduced to nanoparticles in the presence of fungal enzymes. The best way to apply fungus-synthesised nanoparticles/nanofertiliser is to foliage but they can also be applied to soil or through seed soaking. They may also apply through drip, sprinkler, hydroponic, aeroponic and aquaponic. The major effects of nanoparticles as nanofertilisers are on the elevation of antioxidant enzyme activities and photosynthetic pigments. They help to improve in plant tolerance to stresses and defence against pest and diseases after retaining important physiological and biochemical functions. The net results are increased seed germination, vigour index, chlorophyll level, hormonal regulation, photosynthetic rate, electrolytic levels, plant biomass and crop yields. Mycoprotein nanoparticles may alter plant metabolic pathways, regulating energy dissipation, and improved membrane permeability and stability, at the same time as increasing plant health and growth kinetic traits. They are also known to trigger to produce more microbial polysaccharide from polysaccharide secreting fungi that help in soil aggregation, moisture retention, carbon build - up. However, they should be applied only in recommended doses to avoid adverse effects on plant growth and toxicity","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141588440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}