Cell wall characteristics of Thielavia terrestris dispersed and pelleted mycelia

IF 2.9 3区 生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY
Olena Gromozova , Mara Grube , Peter Lytvyn , Maksym Kharchuk , Marina Fomina
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Abstract

In submerged fermentation of filamentous fungi, pelleted and dispersed types of growth are the two main morphological forms largely affecting the productivity of industrial processes. Despite the immense importance of fungal biotechnology various aspects of the biology of these two growth forms have been rarely studied. Whether there are any differences in architecture and properties of hyphal cell wall between pelleted and dispersed mycelia of the same non-genetically modified fungus was unknown. This comparative study characterized the cell wall structure and properties of pelleted and dispersed forms of Thielavia terrestris growth. Infrared spectroscopy revealed that the hyphal cell wall of pellets, in contrast to dispersed mycelium, contained considerably more chitin (22 % and 1–2 % of dry weight [dw], respectively), glucans (28 % and 10 % dw), and lipids (8 % and 6 % dw). The dispersed form was characterised by much higher content of phosphate-rich polysaccharide (dispersed vs pelleted: 23 % and 1 % dw) and protein (55 % and 40 % dw, respectively). TEM-microscopy showed the thicker cell wall of the dispersed form, which did not manifest the third well-defined electron-dense smooth outer layer present in pellets. The cell wall of the pelleted form was less susceptible to mechanical and enzymatic destruction and demonstrated in AFM hardness tests 5–10 times greater nano-hardness than the dispersed form. Thus, the cell wall structure and properties are very different in the pelleted than the dispersed growth forms, where the narrower and chitin/glucans-richer cell wall of the pelleted form provides more effective protection from mechanical and enzymatic damages.
地蓟分散和球化菌丝的细胞壁特性
在丝状真菌的深层发酵过程中,颗粒状和分散生长类型是两种主要的形态形式,在很大程度上影响着工业过程的生产率。尽管真菌生物技术具有巨大的重要性,但这两种生长形式的生物学的各个方面却很少得到研究。同一种非转基因真菌的球化菌丝和分散菌丝在菌丝细胞壁的结构和性质上是否存在差异尚不清楚。本研究比较了球粒型和分散型地蓟的细胞壁结构和特性。红外光谱显示,与分散的菌丝相比,微球菌丝细胞壁含有更多的几丁质(分别占干重的22%和1 - 2%)、葡聚糖(分别占干重的28%和10%)和脂质(分别占干重的8%和6%)。分散形式的特点是富含磷酸盐的多糖(分散与颗粒:23%和1% dw)和蛋白质(分别为55%和40% dw)的含量高得多。tem显微镜显示分散形式的细胞壁较厚,没有显示颗粒中存在的第三层明确的电子致密光滑外层。颗粒形式的细胞壁不易受到机械和酶的破坏,并且在AFM硬度测试中显示出比分散形式高5-10倍的纳米硬度。因此,颗粒状的细胞壁结构和性质与分散的生长形式有很大的不同,在分散的生长形式中,颗粒状的细胞壁更窄,几丁质/葡聚糖更丰富,可以更有效地保护细胞免受机械和酶的损伤。
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来源期刊
Fungal biology
Fungal biology MYCOLOGY-
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
4.00%
发文量
80
审稿时长
49 days
期刊介绍: Fungal Biology publishes original contributions in all fields of basic and applied research involving fungi and fungus-like organisms (including oomycetes and slime moulds). Areas of investigation include biodeterioration, biotechnology, cell and developmental biology, ecology, evolution, genetics, geomycology, medical mycology, mutualistic interactions (including lichens and mycorrhizas), physiology, plant pathology, secondary metabolites, and taxonomy and systematics. Submissions on experimental methods are also welcomed. Priority is given to contributions likely to be of interest to a wide international audience.
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