Fungal biology最新文献

{"title":"Cadmium and calcium ions' effects on the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia are related to phosphatidylethanolamine content","authors":"Bo Gao ,&nbsp;Buzhu Yu ,&nbsp;Xing Huang ,&nbsp;He Li ,&nbsp;Yanxia Jia ,&nbsp;Mulan Wang ,&nbsp;Yuanxue Lu ,&nbsp;Xudong Zhang ,&nbsp;Weiqi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy metal Cd²⁺ can easily be accumulated by fungi, causing significant stress, with the fungal cell membrane being one of the primary targets. However, the understanding of the mechanisms behind this stress remains limited. This study investigated the changes in membrane lipid molecules of <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> mycelia under Cd²⁺ stress and the antagonistic effect of Ca²⁺ on this stress. Cd²⁺ in the growth media significantly inhibited mycelial growth, with increasing intensity at higher concentrations. The addition of Ca²⁺ mitigated this Cd²⁺-induced growth inhibition. Lipidomic analysis showed that Cd²⁺ reduced membrane lipid content and altered lipid composition, while Ca²⁺ counteracted these changes. The effects of both Cd²⁺ and Ca²⁺ on lipids are dose dependent and phosphatidylethanolamine appeared most affected. Cd²⁺ also caused a phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio increase at high concentrations, but Ca²⁺ helped maintain normal levels. The acyl chain length and unsaturation of lipids remained unaffected, suggesting Cd²⁺ doesn't alter acyl chain structure of lipids. These findings suggest that Cd²⁺ may affect the growth of mycelia by inhibiting the synthesis of membrane lipids, particular the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine, providing novel insights into the mechanisms of Cd²⁺ stress in fungi and the role of Ca²⁺ in mitigating the stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morpho-molecular characterization of phoma-like fungi from Morus alba in northern Thailand; a novel species (Boeremia albae) and a new host record (B. maritima)","authors":"Deecksha Gomdola ,&nbsp;Eric H.C. McKenzie ,&nbsp;Digvijayini Bundhun ,&nbsp;Ruvishika S. Jayawardena","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Boeremia</em> was established to accommodate phoma-resembling fungi. Its species occur in terrestrial ecosystems as endophytes, saprobes and pathogens, except one species reported from a marine ecosystem. <em>Boeremia</em> species are characterized by hyaline, thin-walled, and aseptate (occasionally 1(–2)-septate) conidia that are variable in shape, and hyaline, straight or slightly curved, thick-walled, and 1-septate ascospores that are usually constricted at the septum. In the past, host associations were used to delimit <em>Boeremia</em> species. However, since <em>Boeremia</em> taxa have overlapping morphological characters and are cryptic, it renders taxonomic identification arduous. Therefore, the use of other approaches including multi-gene phylogenetic analyses are imperative. Recommended DNA markers for species delineation are the internal transcribed spacer (ITS, nuclear rDNA consisting of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and large subunit (28S, D1–D2 domains of nuclear 28S rDNA) loci, and the genes for actin (<em>ACT1</em>), beta-tubulin (<em>TBB1</em>), RNA polymerase 2 (<em>RPB2</em>) and translation elongation factor 1α (<em>TEF1</em>). Here, we applied morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses to establish a new taxon (<em>B. albae</em>), and a new host and geographical record for <em>B. maritima</em> associated with leaf spots of <em>Morus alba</em> (Moraceae) in northern Thailand. By providing sequence data for three additional gene regions, our phylogenetic analyses impart a stable phylogenetic placement of the ex-type strain of <em>B. maritima</em>, as illustrated. This is the first study that reports <em>Boeremia</em> species from <em>M. alba</em>, and <em>B. maritima</em> from a terrestrial habitat.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142151651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and screening of new Metarhizium isolates to control the coconut rhinoceros beetle in the Pacific islands","authors":"Laura F. Villamizar ,&nbsp;Gloria P. Barrera ,&nbsp;Alphonse Luange ,&nbsp;Katayo Sagata ,&nbsp;Paul Gende ,&nbsp;Simon Chris ,&nbsp;Helen Tsatsia ,&nbsp;Freda Mudu ,&nbsp;Mitchell Weston ,&nbsp;Chikako van Koten ,&nbsp;Sarah Mansfield ,&nbsp;Trevor A. Jackson ,&nbsp;Sean D.G. Marshall","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB; <em>Oryctes rhinoceros</em>) is one of the most destructive insect pests of coconut and oil palms in tropical Asia and the Pacific islands. Members of a new variant, known as CRB-G (clade I), have recently spread into the Pacific islands, causing significant damage. Biopesticides containing <em>Metarhizium</em> spp. are the strongest candidates for inundative biological control against the emerging CRB threat. Selection of the most virulent and robust isolate may determine the impact of this control option on the pest. In this work, CRB specimens with natural fungal infection were collected in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and Solomon Islands (SI). Putative entomopathogenic fungi were isolated and identified. These new isolates and some previously obtained from other Pacific countries were molecularly identified, characterized, and tested for virulence against CRB larval populations in PNG and SI in laboratory bioassays. Of the new isolates collected, four obtained from SI were identified as <em>Metarhizium majus</em> (conidia length ⁓11–15 μm), and four from PNG were identified as <em>Metarhizium pingshaense</em> (conidia length ⁓4–6 μm). The most virulent isolate was <em>M. majus</em> AgR-F717, which caused 100 % mortality in 20–23 days against a CRB variant from the CRB-S grouping (clade II) in laboratory bioassays carried out in PNG. Isolates of <em>M. pingshaense</em> did not show pathogenicity against CRB larvae. <em>M. majus</em> AgR-F717 was also the most virulent in laboratory bioassays using the mixed SI population (from both CRB-S and CRB-G groupings) and was selected for further evaluation using artificial breeding sites. Under field conditions, this isolate demonstrated its ability to infect CRB, dispersal up to 100 m from treated artificial breeding sites, and persistence in soil for at least four months. The new isolate AgR-F717 of <em>M. majus</em> has demonstrated potential as an augmentative biological control agent for CRB in PNG and SI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878614624001193/pdfft?md5=637d2843a13bfab1b073c4ba5432bbfe&pid=1-s2.0-S1878614624001193-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142088243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the salt induced morphogenesis and functional potentials of Hortaea werneckii; a black pigmented halotolerant yeast isolated from solar saltern","authors":"Siddhi Deelip Nadodkar ,&nbsp;Mrunal Karande ,&nbsp;Gandisha Masso Pawar ,&nbsp;Aishwarya Vinayak Dhume ,&nbsp;Avinash Sharma ,&nbsp;Bhakti Balkrishna Salgaonkar","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An intense black pigmented halotolerant yeast GUBPC1, was obtained from the solar salterns of Nerul, Goa-India. The isolate could tolerate 0 to 20 % NaCl. FE-SEM analysis revealed its polymorphic nature, exhibiting oval cells at higher salt concentrations and filamentous spindle like shapes at lower concentrations. Initially, the cells appear oval, yeast like in shape but gradually after 15 days of incubation, it becomes elongated and undergoes budding, exhibiting various budding patterns, from single polar bud to bipolar buds with annellidic ring, to lateral buds and eventually forming filamentous hyphae. The intracellular black pigment was identified as melanin based on ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy analysis. The molecular identification of the culture showed closest similarity with <em>Hortaea werneckii</em>. Plant polymer-degrading enzymatic activities such as cellulase, laccase, chitinase, xylanase, pectinase, amylase and protease were exhibited by the isolate GUBPC1. To further understand and explore its biotechnological potential, we performed whole-genome sequencing and analysis. The obtained genome size was 26.93 Mb with 686 contigs and a GC content of 53.24 %. We identified 9383 protein-coding genes, and their functional annotation revealed the presence of 435 CAZyme genes and 16 functional genes involved in secondary metabolite synthesis, thus providing a basis for its potential value in various biotechnological applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142049588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro PIXE mapping proves a differential distribution and concentration of trace elements in fungal structures of Rhizophagus intraradices","authors":"M.E. Benavidez ,&nbsp;E.M. de la Fournière ,&nbsp;R.P. Colombo ,&nbsp;V.A. Silvani ,&nbsp;M.E. Debray ,&nbsp;A. Scotti ,&nbsp;A.M. Godeas","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can sequester different potentially toxic elements, such as trace elements (TEs), within their structures to alleviate the toxicity for its host plant and themselves. To elucidate the role of AM fungi in TEs immobilization in the rhizosphere of host plants, it is important to know the TEs distribution in AM fungal structures. In the present study, we investigated the distribution and concentration of TEs within extraradical spores and mycelium of the AM fungus <em>Rhizophagus intraradices,</em> collected from the rhizosphere of <em>Senecio bonariensis</em> plants grown in a soil polluted with multiple TEs, by using Particle-Induced X-ray Emission with a micro-focused beam (micro PIXE). This technique enabled the simultaneous micrometric mapping of elements in a sample. The calculated values were compared with those in the polluted substrate, measured by the Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence technique. The highest concentrations of Fe, P, Ti, Mn, Cr, Cu and Zn were found in AM fungal spores, where they were accumulated, while extraradical mycelium was enriched in Cu. Finally, we demonstrated that AM fungi can simultaneously accumulate high amounts of different TEs in their structures, thus reducing the toxicity of these elements to its host plant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142020705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low molecular weight acids differentially impact Fusarium verticillioides transcription","authors":"Daren W. Brown,&nbsp;Hye-Seon Kim,&nbsp;Robert H. Proctor,&nbsp;Donald T. Wicklow","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Fusarium verticillioides</em> is both an endophyte and pathogen of maize. During growth on maize, the fungus often synthesizes the mycotoxins fumonisins, which have been linked to a variety of diseases, including cancer in some animals. How <em>F. verticillioides</em> responds to other fungi, such as <em>Fusarium proliferatum</em>, <em>Aspergillus flavus</em>, <em>Aspergillus niger</em>, and <em>Penicillium oxalicum</em>, that coinfect maize, has potential to impact mycotoxin synthesis and disease. We hypothesize that low molecular weight acids produced by these fungi play a role in communication between the fungi in planta/nature. To address this hypothesis, we exposed 48-h maize kernel cultures of <em>F. verticillioides</em> to oxalic acid, citric acid, fusaric acid, or kojic acid and then compared transcriptomes after 30 min and 6 h. Transcription of some genes were affected by multiple chemicals and others were affected by only one chemical. The most significant positive response was observed after exposure to fusaric acid which resulted in &gt;2-fold upregulation of 225 genes, including genes involved in fusaric acid synthesis. Exposure of cultures to the other three chemicals increased expression of only 3–15 genes. The predicted function and frequent co-localization of three sets of genes support a role in protecting the fungus from the chemical or a role in catabolism. These unique transcriptional responses support our hypothesis that these chemicals can act as signaling molecules. Studies with gene deletion mutants will further indicate if the initial transcriptional response to the chemicals benefit <em>F. verticillioides</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal membrane determinants affecting sensitivity to antifungal cyclic lipopeptides from Bacillus spp.","authors":"Charlotte Bakker ,&nbsp;Hailey R. Graham ,&nbsp;Irina Popescu ,&nbsp;Melody Li ,&nbsp;David R. McMullin ,&nbsp;Tyler J. Avis","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Bacillus</em> spp. produce numerous antimicrobial metabolites. Among these metabolites, cyclic lipopeptides (CLP) including fengycins, iturins, and surfactins are known to have varying antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi. The differential activities of CLP have been attributed to diverse mechanisms of action on fungal membranes. However, the precise biochemical determinants driving their antifungal modes of action have not been conclusively identified. In this study, three plant pathogenic fungi of varying lipopeptide sensitivities, <em>Alternaria solani</em>, <em>Cladosporium cucumerinum</em>, and <em>Fusarium sambucinum</em>, were studied to determine how their cell membrane lipid compositions may confer sensitivity and/or tolerance to fengycin, iturin, and surfactin. Results indicated that sensitivity to all three lipopeptides correlated with lower ergosterol content and elevated phospholipid fatty acid unsaturation. Fungal sensitivity to surfactin was also notably different than fengycin and iturin, as surfactin was influenced more by lower phosphatidylethanolamine amounts, higher levels of phosphatidylinositol, and less by phospholipid fatty acyl chain length. Results from this study provide insight into the fungal membrane composition of <em>A. solani</em>, <em>F. sambucinum</em>, and <em>C. cucumerinum</em> and the specific membrane characteristics influencing the antifungal effectiveness of fengycin, iturin, and surfactin. Understanding of these determinants should enable more accurate prediction of sensitivity-tolerance outcomes for other fungal species exposed to these important CLP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878614624001168/pdfft?md5=891048acf3bcc406fd6d1577c54c54c1&pid=1-s2.0-S1878614624001168-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141998144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolome and transcriptome unveil the mechanism of light on regulating beauvericin synthesis in Cordyceps chanhua","authors":"Zhiyuan Wen,&nbsp;Zhimin Liu,&nbsp;Haifen Bu,&nbsp;Yanwen Liu,&nbsp;Jiahua Zhu,&nbsp;Fenglin Hu,&nbsp;Zengzhi Li,&nbsp;Bo Huang,&nbsp;Fan Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Cordyceps chanhua</em>, an important cordycipitoid medical mushroom with wide use in Asia, has gained attention for its bioactive component beauvericin (BEA), which is of medicinal value as a drug lead, but also of food safety risk. Recent observations by our group revealed a significant decrease of BEA content in <em>C. chanhua</em> when exposed to light, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, a comprehensive approach combining metabolomics and transcriptomics was employed to investigate the effects of white light on the secondary metabolism of <em>C. chanhua</em> for elucidation of the influence of light on BEA biosynthesis in this fungus. The result showed that the genes and metabolites involved in the synthesis of D-hydroxyisovaleric acid, a precursor of BEA synthesis, were down-regulated under light exposure, while those associated with the synthesis of phenylalanine, another precursor of BEA synthesis, were up-regulated leading to elevated phenylalanine levels. It suggested that the suppressive effect of light on BEA synthesis in <em>C. chanhua</em> occurred primarily through the inhibition of D-hydroxyisovaleric acid synthesis, while the enhanced phenylalanine biosynthesis likely directed towards other metabolic pathway such as pigment synthesis. These results contributed to a better understanding on how light modulates the secondary metabolism of <em>C. chanhua</em> and provided valuable guidance for optimizing BEA production in cultivation practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bespoke strategies of Paxillus involutus to extract potassium from diverse phyllosilicates","authors":"F. Pinzari, J. Cuadros, A. Saiardi, E. Humphreys-Williams, A.D. Jungblut","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"Phyllosilicates provide a primary source of minerals used by microorganisms and plants, particularly clay minerals, i.e., phyllosilicates of very small particle size. Fungi can actively break down (or “weather”) minerals to extract nutrients, but whether they use identical mechanisms when accessing different clay minerals is unclear. In addition, it is yet to be understood whether starvation stresses due to the limited availability of a mineral-nutrient would result in different weathering behaviours of microbes.","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating multilocus phylogeny and morphological analysis reveals the prevalence of Phytophthora meadii (McRae) associated with abnormal leaf fall disease of Hevea brasiliensis in India","authors":"Shilpa Babu,&nbsp;V.K. Vineeth,&nbsp;T.R. Reshma,&nbsp;Shaji Philip","doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funbio.2024.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Oomycetes fungus <em>Phytophthora</em> spp. which causes Abnormal leaf fall (ALF) disease poses a significant threat as one of the most devastating diseases affecting rubber trees in India. A total of 30 <em>Phytophthora</em> isolates were obtained from ALF-affected samples collected during the Southwest monsoon season of Kerala. The colony morphology of <em>Phytophthora</em> isolates revealed eight different types of growth patterns, with stellate, stellate striated, and petaloid patterns growing rapidly, whereas chrysanthemum pattern grew slowly. Sporangia were papillate to non-papillate in various shapes, and sporangiophores exhibited simple, simple sympodial, or irregularly branching patterns. Highly virulent isolates exhibited petaloid morphology and rapid growth rates. Regardless of their virulence, all isolates showed susceptibility to the fungicide metalaxyl. Under <em>in vitro</em> conditions, the highly virulent isolate (R17) from rubber caused severe infections in chili, brinjal, and tomato with brown water-soaked lesions. Sequence analysis and multi-locus phylogeny of Internal transcribed spacer (ITS), cCytochrome c oxidase 1 (COX 1), Heat shock protein 90 (HSP 90), and Ribosomal protein L10 (RPL 10) confirmed the pathogen as <em>Phytophthora meadii</em>. A comprehensive understanding of both morphological and molecular traits of <em>P. meadii</em> is crucial for precise identification and future genetic variability studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12683,"journal":{"name":"Fungal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}