Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Imaging the cerebellum in post-traumatic stress and anxiety disorders: a mini-review.","authors":"Patricia Gil-Paterna,&nbsp;Tomas Furmark","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1197350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1197350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric conditions worldwide sharing many clinical manifestations and, most likely, neural mechanisms as suggested by neuroimaging research. While the so-called fear circuitry and traditional limbic structures of the brain, particularly the amygdala, have been extensively studied in sufferers of these disorders, the cerebellum has been relatively underexplored. The aim of this paper was to present a mini-review of functional (task-activity or resting-state connectivity) and structural (gray matter volume) results on the cerebellum as reported in magnetic resonance imaging studies of patients with PTSD or anxiety disorders (49 selected studies in 1,494 patients). While mixed results were noted overall, e.g., regarding the direction of effects and anatomical localization, cerebellar structures like the vermis seem to be highly involved. Still, the neurofunctional and structural alterations reported for the cerebellum in excessive anxiety and trauma are complex, and in need of further evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10460913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10123404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Reconfiguration of neuronal ensembles throughout learning.","authors":"Luis Carrillo-Reid,&nbsp;Masakazu Agetsuma,&nbsp;Emilio Kropff","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1161967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1161967","url":null,"abstract":"COPYRIGHT © 2023 Carrillo-Reid, Agetsuma and Krop . This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Reconfiguration of neuronal ensembles throughout learning","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10043398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9230511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Electrophysiological markers of fairness and selfishness revealed by a combination of dictator and ultimatum games.","authors":"","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1186493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1186493","url":null,"abstract":"[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.765720.].","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10083502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9289470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders: Physiological and molecular evidence.","authors":"Marco Cambiaghi,&nbsp;Marika Cordaro,&nbsp;Silvia Dossena,&nbsp;Salvatore Cuzzocrea,&nbsp;Mario Buffelli","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1128205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1128205","url":null,"abstract":"COPYRIGHT © 2023 Cambiaghi, Cordaro, Dossena, Cuzzocrea and Bu elli. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders: Physiological and molecular evidence","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9939818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9314002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic brain states in spatial neglect after stroke.","authors":"Sara Spadone,&nbsp;Francesco de Pasquale,&nbsp;Anna Digiovanni,&nbsp;Eleonora Grande,&nbsp;Luigi Pavone,&nbsp;Stefano L Sensi,&nbsp;Giorgia Committeri,&nbsp;Antonello Baldassarre","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1163147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1163147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies indicated that spatial neglect is characterized by widespread alteration of resting-state functional connectivity and changes in the functional topology of large-scale brain systems. However, whether such network modulations exhibit temporal fluctuations related to spatial neglect is still largely unknown. This study investigated the association between brain states and spatial neglect after the onset of focal brain lesions. A cohort of right-hemisphere stroke patients (<i>n</i> = 20) underwent neuropsychological assessment of neglect as well as structural and resting-state functional MRI sessions within 2 weeks from stroke onset. Brain states were identified using dynamic functional connectivity as estimated by the sliding window approach followed by clustering of seven resting state networks. The networks included visual, dorsal attention, sensorimotor, cingulo-opercular, language, fronto-parietal, and default mode networks. The analyses on the whole cohort of patients, i.e., with and without neglect, identified two distinct brain states characterized by different degrees of brain modularity and system segregation. Compared to non-neglect patients, neglect subjects spent more time in less modular and segregated state characterized by weak intra-network coupling and sparse inter-network interactions. By contrast, patients without neglect dwelt mainly in more modular and segregated states, which displayed robust intra-network connectivity and anti-correlations among task-positive and task-negative systems. Notably, correlational analyses indicated that patients exhibiting more severe neglect spent more time and dwelt more often in the state featuring low brain modularity and system segregation and vice versa. Furthermore, separate analyses on neglect vs. non-neglect patients yielded two distinct brain states for each sub-cohort. A state featuring widespread strong connections within and between networks and low modularity and system segregation was detected only in the neglect group. Such a connectivity profile blurred the distinction among functional systems. Finally, a state exhibiting a clear separation among modules with strong positive intra-network and negative inter-network connectivity was found only in the non-neglect group. Overall, our results indicate that stroke yielding spatial attention deficits affects the time-varying properties of functional interactions among large-scale networks. These findings provide further insights into the pathophysiology of spatial neglect and its treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10185806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9489581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of action on perception spans different effectors.","authors":"Annalisa Bosco,&nbsp;Pablo Sanz Diez,&nbsp;Matteo Filippini,&nbsp;Patrizia Fattori","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1145643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1145643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perception and action are fundamental processes that characterize our life and our possibility to modify the world around us. Several pieces of evidence have shown an intimate and reciprocal interaction between perception and action, leading us to believe that these processes rely on a common set of representations. The present review focuses on one particular aspect of this interaction: the influence of action on perception from a motor effector perspective during two phases, action planning and the phase following execution of the action. The movements performed by eyes, hands, and legs have a different impact on object and space perception; studies that use different approaches and paradigms have formed an interesting general picture that demonstrates the existence of an action effect on perception, before as well as after its execution. Although the mechanisms of this effect are still being debated, different studies have demonstrated that most of the time this effect pragmatically shapes and primes perception of relevant features of the object or environment which calls for action; at other times it improves our perception through motor experience and learning. Finally, a future perspective is provided, in which we suggest that these mechanisms can be exploited to increase trust in artificial intelligence systems that are able to interact with humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10185787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9496882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Putting forward a model for the role of the cerebellum in cocaine-induced pavlovian memory.","authors":"Ignasi Melchor-Eixea,&nbsp;Julian Guarque-Chabrera,&nbsp;Aitor Sanchez-Hernandez,&nbsp;Patricia Ibáñez-Marín,&nbsp;Raúl Pastor,&nbsp;Marta Miquel","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1154014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1154014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Substance Use Disorder (SUD) involves emotional, cognitive, and motivational dysfunction. Long-lasting molecular and structural changes in brain regions functionally and anatomically linked to the cerebellum, such as the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, basal ganglia, and ventral tegmental area, are characteristic of SUD. Direct and indirect reciprocal connectivity between the cerebellum and these brain regions can explain cerebellar roles in Pavlovian and reinforcement learning, fear memory, and executive functions. It is increasingly clear that the cerebellum modulates brain functions altered in SUD and other neuropsychiatric disorders that exhibit comorbidity with SUD. In the present manuscript, we review and discuss this evidence and present new research exploring the role of the cerebellum in cocaine-induced conditioned memory using chemogenetic tools (designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug, DREADDs). Our preliminary data showed that inactivation of a region that includes the interposed and lateral deep cerebellar nuclei reduces the facilitating effect of a posterior vermis lesion on cocaine-induced preference conditioning. These findings support our previous research and suggest that posterior vermis damage may increase drug impact on the addiction circuitry by regulating activity in the DCN. However, they raise further questions that will also be discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10303950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9794591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic causal modeling reveals increased cerebellar- periaqueductal gray communication during fear extinction.","authors":"Elena Paci,&nbsp;Bridget M Lumb,&nbsp;Richard Apps,&nbsp;Charlotte L Lawrenson,&nbsp;Rosalyn J Moran","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1148604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1148604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The extinction of fear memories is an important component in regulating defensive behaviors, contributing toward adaptive processes essential for survival. The cerebellar medial nucleus (MCN) has bidirectional connections with the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) and is implicated in the regulation of multiple aspects of fear, such as conditioned fear learning and the expression of defensive motor outputs. However, it is unclear how communication between the MCN and vlPAG changes during conditioned fear extinction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We use dynamic causal models (DCMs) to infer effective connectivity between the MCN and vlPAG during auditory cue-conditioned fear retrieval and extinction in the rat. DCMs determine causal relationships between neuronal sources by using neurobiologically motivated models to reproduce the dynamics of post-synaptic potentials generated by synaptic connections within and between brain regions. Auditory event related potentials (ERPs) during the conditioned tone offset were recorded simultaneously from MCN and vlPAG and then modeled to identify changes in the strength of the synaptic inputs between these brain areas and the relationship to freezing behavior across extinction trials. The DCMs were structured to model evoked responses to best represent conditioned tone offset ERPs and were adapted to represent PAG and cerebellar circuitry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With the use of Parametric Empirical Bayesian (PEB) analysis we found that the strength of the information flow, mediated through enhanced synaptic efficacy from MCN to vlPAG was inversely related to freezing during extinction, i.e., communication from MCN to vlPAG increased with extinction.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results are consistent with the cerebellum contributing to predictive processes that underpin fear extinction.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10229824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9568570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of cerebellum in sleep-dependent memory processes.","authors":"Andrew Jackson,&nbsp;Wei Xu","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1154489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1154489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The activities and role of the cerebellum in sleep have, until recently, been largely ignored by both the sleep and cerebellum fields. Human sleep studies often neglect the cerebellum because it is at a position in the skull that is inaccessible to EEG electrodes. Animal neurophysiology sleep studies have focussed mainly on the neocortex, thalamus and the hippocampus. However, recent neurophysiological studies have shown that not only does the cerebellum participate in the sleep cycle, but it may also be implicated in off-line memory consolidation. Here we review the literature on cerebellar activity during sleep and the role it plays in off-line motor learning, and introduce a hypothesis whereby the cerebellum continues to compute internal models during sleep that train the neocortex.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10151545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9767286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebellar contribution to the regulation of defensive states.","authors":"Gabriela Neubert da Silva,&nbsp;Nina Seiffert,&nbsp;Philip Tovote","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1160083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1160083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite fine tuning voluntary movement as the most prominently studied function of the cerebellum, early human studies suggested cerebellar involvement emotion regulation. Since, the cerebellum has been associated with various mood and anxiety-related conditions. Research in animals provided evidence for cerebellar contributions to fear memory formation and extinction. Fear and anxiety can broadly be referred to as defensive states triggered by threat and characterized by multimodal adaptations such as behavioral and cardiac responses integrated into an intricately orchestrated defense reaction. This is mediated by an evolutionary conserved, highly interconnected network of defense-related structures with functional connections to the cerebellum. Projections from the deep cerebellar nucleus interpositus to the central amygdala interfere with retention of fear memory. Several studies uncovered tight functional connections between cerebellar deep nuclei and pyramis and the midbrain periaqueductal grey. Specifically, the fastigial nucleus sends direct projections to the ventrolateral PAG to mediate fear-evoked innate and learned freezing behavior. The cerebellum also regulates cardiovascular responses such as blood pressure and heart rate-effects dependent on connections with medullary cardiac regulatory structures. Because of the integrated, multimodal nature of defensive states, their adaptive regulation has to be highly dynamic to enable responding to a moving threatening stimulus. In this, predicting threat occurrence are crucial functions of calculating adequate responses. Based on its role in prediction error generation, its connectivity to limbic regions, and previous results on a role in fear learning, this review presents the cerebellum as a regulator of integrated cardio-behavioral defensive states.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10102664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9317370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}