Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Prefrontal modulation of anxiety through a lens of noradrenergic signaling.","authors":"Nadia N Bouras,&nbsp;Nancy R Mack,&nbsp;Wen-Jun Gao","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1173326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1173326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anxiety disorders are the most common class of mental illness in the U.S., affecting 40 million individuals annually. Anxiety is an adaptive response to a stressful or unpredictable life event. Though evolutionarily thought to aid in survival, excess intensity or duration of anxiogenic response can lead to a plethora of adverse symptoms and cognitive dysfunction. A wealth of data has implicated the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in the regulation of anxiety. Norepinephrine (NE) is a crucial neuromodulator of arousal and vigilance believed to be responsible for many of the symptoms of anxiety disorders. NE is synthesized in the locus coeruleus (LC), which sends major noradrenergic inputs to the mPFC. Given the unique properties of LC-mPFC connections and the heterogeneous subpopulation of prefrontal neurons known to be involved in regulating anxiety-like behaviors, NE likely modulates PFC function in a cell-type and circuit-specific manner. In working memory and stress response, NE follows an inverted-U model, where an overly high or low release of NE is associated with sub-optimal neural functioning. In contrast, based on current literature review of the individual contributions of NE and the PFC in anxiety disorders, we propose a model of NE level- and adrenergic receptor-dependent, circuit-specific NE-PFC modulation of anxiety disorders. Further, the advent of new techniques to measure NE in the PFC with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution will significantly help us understand how NE modulates PFC function in anxiety disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1173326"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10149815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9410439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic causal modeling reveals increased cerebellar- periaqueductal gray communication during fear extinction.","authors":"Elena Paci,&nbsp;Bridget M Lumb,&nbsp;Richard Apps,&nbsp;Charlotte L Lawrenson,&nbsp;Rosalyn J Moran","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1148604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1148604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The extinction of fear memories is an important component in regulating defensive behaviors, contributing toward adaptive processes essential for survival. The cerebellar medial nucleus (MCN) has bidirectional connections with the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) and is implicated in the regulation of multiple aspects of fear, such as conditioned fear learning and the expression of defensive motor outputs. However, it is unclear how communication between the MCN and vlPAG changes during conditioned fear extinction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We use dynamic causal models (DCMs) to infer effective connectivity between the MCN and vlPAG during auditory cue-conditioned fear retrieval and extinction in the rat. DCMs determine causal relationships between neuronal sources by using neurobiologically motivated models to reproduce the dynamics of post-synaptic potentials generated by synaptic connections within and between brain regions. Auditory event related potentials (ERPs) during the conditioned tone offset were recorded simultaneously from MCN and vlPAG and then modeled to identify changes in the strength of the synaptic inputs between these brain areas and the relationship to freezing behavior across extinction trials. The DCMs were structured to model evoked responses to best represent conditioned tone offset ERPs and were adapted to represent PAG and cerebellar circuitry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With the use of Parametric Empirical Bayesian (PEB) analysis we found that the strength of the information flow, mediated through enhanced synaptic efficacy from MCN to vlPAG was inversely related to freezing during extinction, i.e., communication from MCN to vlPAG increased with extinction.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results are consistent with the cerebellum contributing to predictive processes that underpin fear extinction.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1148604"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10229824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9568570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Functional columnar organization and long-range circuits in different cortical systems.","authors":"Kerstin E Schmidt,&nbsp;Ralf A W Galuske","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1168606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1168606","url":null,"abstract":"COPYRIGHT © 2023 Schmidt and Galuske. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Functional columnar organization and long-range circuits in di erent cortical systems","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1168606"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10067868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9258327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Role of brain oscillations in neurocognitive control systems.","authors":"Golnaz Baghdadi,&nbsp;Chella Kamarajan,&nbsp;Fatemeh Hadaeghi","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1182496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1182496","url":null,"abstract":"COPYRIGHT © 2023 Baghdadi, Kamarajan and Hadaeghi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Role of brain oscillations in neurocognitive control systems","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1182496"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10102580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9317369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basal ganglia for beginners: the basic concepts you need to know and their role in movement control.","authors":"Gabriel S Rocha,&nbsp;Marco A M Freire,&nbsp;André M Britto,&nbsp;Karina M Paiva,&nbsp;Rodrigo F Oliveira,&nbsp;Ivana A T Fonseca,&nbsp;Dayane P Araújo,&nbsp;Lucidio C Oliveira,&nbsp;Fausto P Guzen,&nbsp;Paulo L A G Morais,&nbsp;José R L P Cavalcanti","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1242929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1242929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The basal ganglia are a subcortical collection of interacting clusters of cell bodies, and are involved in reward, emotional, and motor circuits. Within all the brain processing necessary to carry out voluntary movement, the basal nuclei are fundamental, as they modulate the activity of the motor regions of the cortex. Despite being much studied, the motor circuit of the basal ganglia is still difficult to understand for many people at all, especially undergraduate and graduate students. This review article seeks to bring the functioning of this circuit with a simple and objective approach, exploring the functional anatomy, neurochemistry, neuronal pathways, related diseases, and interactions with other brain regions to coordinate voluntary movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1242929"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10435282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10050020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"7,8-dihydroxyflavone enhances long-term spatial memory and alters brain volume in wildtype mice.","authors":"Florence Rawlings-Mortimer,&nbsp;Alberto Lazari,&nbsp;Cristiana Tisca,&nbsp;Mohamed Tachrount,&nbsp;Aurea B Martins-Bach,&nbsp;Karla L Miller,&nbsp;Jason P Lerch,&nbsp;Heidi Johansen-Berg","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1134594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1134594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) is a low molecular weight compound that can cross the blood brain barrier and has been implicated in numerous functions and behaviours. It is thought to have neuroprotective capability and has been shown to alleviate symptoms in a wide range of diseases. <b>Methods:</b> 7,8-DHF was administered systemically to wildtype mice during Morris water maze training. Long-term spatial memory was assessed 28 days later. <i>Ex-vivo</i> T2-weighted (T2w) imaging was undertaken on a subset of these mice to assess brain-wide changes in volume. <b>Results:</b> We found that systemic 7,8-DHF administration during the training period enhanced spatial memory 28 days later. Volumetric changes were observed in numerous brain regions associated with a broad range of functions including cognition, sensory, and motor processing. <b>Discussion:</b> Our findings give the first whole brain overview of long-term anatomical changes following 7,8-DHF administration providing valuable information for assessing and understanding the widespread effects this drug has been shown to have in behaviour and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1134594"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10057119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9235459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations of PAC-based resting state networks in Parkinson's disease are partially alleviated by levodopa medication.","authors":"Sean Mertiens,&nbsp;Matthias Sure,&nbsp;Alfons Schnitzler,&nbsp;Esther Florin","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1219334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1219334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the whole brain, leading to several motor and non-motor symptoms. In the past, it has been shown that PD alters resting state networks (RSN) in the brain. These networks are usually derived from fMRI BOLD signals. This study investigated RSN changes in PD patients based on maximum phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) throughout the cortex. We also tested the hypothesis that levodopa medication shifts network activity back toward a healthy state.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recorded 23 PD patients and 24 healthy age-matched participants for 30 min at rest with magnetoencephalography (MEG). PD patients were measured once in the dopaminergic medication ON and once in the medication OFF state. A T1-MRI brain scan was acquired from each participant for source reconstruction. After correcting the data for artifacts and performing source reconstruction using a linearly constrained minimum variance beamformer, we extracted visual, sensorimotor (SMN), and frontal RSNs based on PAC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found significant changes in all networks between healthy participants and PD patients in the medication OFF state. Levodopa had a significant effect on the SMN but not on the other networks. There was no significant change in the optimal PAC coupling frequencies between healthy participants and PD patients.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our results suggest that RSNs, based on PAC in different parts of the cortex, are altered in PD patients. Furthermore, levodopa significantly affects the SMN, reflecting the clinical alleviation of motor symptoms and leading to a network normalization compared to healthy controls.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1219334"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10427244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10020459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FABP7: a glial integrator of sleep, circadian rhythms, plasticity, and metabolic function.","authors":"Jason R Gerstner,&nbsp;Carlos C Flores,&nbsp;Micah Lefton,&nbsp;Brooke Rogers,&nbsp;Christopher J Davis","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1212213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1212213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep and circadian rhythms are observed broadly throughout animal phyla and influence neural plasticity and cognitive function. However, the few phylogenetically conserved cellular and molecular pathways that are implicated in these processes are largely focused on neuronal cells. Research on these topics has traditionally segregated sleep homeostatic behavior from circadian rest-activity rhythms. Here we posit an alternative perspective, whereby mechanisms underlying the integration of sleep and circadian rhythms that affect behavioral state, plasticity, and cognition reside within glial cells. The brain-type fatty acid binding protein, FABP7, is part of a larger family of lipid chaperone proteins that regulate the subcellular trafficking of fatty acids for a wide range of cellular functions, including gene expression, growth, survival, inflammation, and metabolism. FABP7 is enriched in glial cells of the central nervous system and has been shown to be a clock-controlled gene implicated in sleep/wake regulation and cognitive processing. FABP7 is known to affect gene transcription, cellular outgrowth, and its subcellular localization in the fine perisynaptic astrocytic processes (PAPs) varies based on time-of-day. Future studies determining the effects of FABP7 on behavioral state- and circadian-dependent plasticity and cognitive processes, in addition to functional consequences on cellular and molecular mechanisms related to neural-glial interactions, lipid storage, and blood brain barrier integrity will be important for our knowledge of basic sleep function. Given the comorbidity of sleep disturbance with neurological disorders, these studies will also be important for our understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of how these diseases affect or are affected by sleep.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1212213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10315501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10010884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming experiences: Neurobiology of memory updating/editing.","authors":"Daniel Osorio-Gómez,&nbsp;Maria Isabel Miranda,&nbsp;Kioko Guzmán-Ramos,&nbsp;Federico Bermúdez-Rattoni","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1103770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1103770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-term memory is achieved through a consolidation process where structural and molecular changes integrate information into a stable memory. However, environmental conditions constantly change, and organisms must adapt their behavior by updating their memories, providing dynamic flexibility for adaptive responses. Consequently, novel stimulation/experiences can be integrated during memory retrieval; where consolidated memories are updated by a dynamic process after the appearance of a prediction error or by the exposure to new information, generating edited memories. This review will discuss the neurobiological systems involved in memory updating including recognition memory and emotional memories. In this regard, we will review the salient and emotional experiences that promote the gradual shifting from displeasure to pleasure (or vice versa), leading to hedonic or aversive responses, throughout memory updating. Finally, we will discuss evidence regarding memory updating and its potential clinical implication in drug addiction, phobias, and post-traumatic stress disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1103770"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9989287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9140861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Event-related (de)synchronization and potential in whole vs. part sensorimotor learning.","authors":"Juan J Mariman,&nbsp;Trinidad Bruna-Melo,&nbsp;Rosario Gutierrez-Rodriguez,&nbsp;Pedro E Maldonado,&nbsp;Pablo I Burgos","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1045940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1045940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are different ways to learn a sensorimotor task. This research focuses on whole versus part learning in a complex video game that involves sensorimotor adaptations and skill learning. The primary aim of this research is to compare the changes in (1) event-related potentials (ERP) and (2) Alpha and Beta event-related desynchronization/synchronization [ERD(S)] of EEG between whole and part practice protocols.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>18 Healthy young participants practiced for 5 days a video game with distorted kinematic (advancing skill) and dynamic features (shooting skill) to test the ability to combine sensorimotor skill components learned modularly (part learning, 9 participants) or combined (whole practice, 9 participants). We examined ERP and ERD(S) in EEG channels in the baseline test (day 1) and the retention test (day 5), dissociating epochs with advancing or shooting. We focus the analysis on the main activity of ERP or ERD(S) in different time windows.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the advancing epochs (distorted kinematic), both groups showed a decrease in time for ERP and an increase in Beta ERD activity in central and posterior channels. In the shooting epochs (distorted dynamic), the Whole group showed a decrease in time for ERPs in anterior and central-posterior channels. Additionally, the shooting ERS in the Beta band decreases within sessions in central channels, particularly for the Part group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neural correlates of kinematic and dynamic control [ERP and ERD(S)] were modulated by sensorimotor learning, which reflects the effect of the type of practice on the execution and the evaluation of the action. These results can be linked with our previous report, where the simultaneous practice of kinematic and dynamic distortions takes advantage of the motor performance on retention tests, indicating a more automatic control for the whole practice group.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1045940"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10070693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9614231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}