Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Variations on the theme: focus on cerebellum and emotional processing.","authors":"Camilla Ciapponi, Yuhe Li, Dianela A Osorio Becerra, Dimitri Rodarie, Claudia Casellato, Lisa Mapelli, Egidio D'Angelo","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1185752","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1185752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cerebellum operates exploiting a complex modular organization and a unified computational algorithm adapted to different behavioral contexts. Recent observations suggest that the cerebellum is involved not just in motor but also in emotional and cognitive processing. It is therefore critical to identify the specific regional connectivity and microcircuit properties of the emotional cerebellum. Recent studies are highlighting the differential regional localization of genes, molecules, and synaptic mechanisms and microcircuit wiring. However, the impact of these regional differences is not fully understood and will require experimental investigation and computational modeling. This review focuses on the cellular and circuit underpinnings of the cerebellar role in emotion. And since emotion involves an integration of cognitive, somatomotor, and autonomic activity, we elaborate on the tradeoff between segregation and distribution of these three main functions in the cerebellum.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1185752"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10206087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9881076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hippocampal beta rhythms as a bridge between sensory learning and memory-guided decision-making.","authors":"Jesse Thomas Miles, Kevan Scott Kidder, Sheri J Y Mizumori","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1187272","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1187272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A pillar of systems neuroscience has been the study of neural oscillations. Research into these oscillations spans brain areas, species, and disciplines, giving us common ground for discussing typically disparate fields of neuroscience. In this review, we aim to strengthen the dialog between sensory systems research and learning and memory systems research by examining a 15-40 Hz oscillation known as the beta rhythm. Starting with foundational observations based largely in olfactory systems neuroscience, we review evidence suggesting beta-based activity may extend across sensory systems generally, as well as into the hippocampus and areas well known for coordinating decisions and memory-guided behaviors. After evaluating this work, we propose a framework wherein the hippocampal beta oscillation and its diverse coupling with other brain areas can support both sensory learning and memory-guided decision-making. Using this framework, we also propose circuitries that may support these processes, and experiments to test our hypothesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1187272"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10196064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9506543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A disynaptic basal ganglia connection to the inferior olive: potential for basal ganglia influence on cerebellar learning.","authors":"Tom J H Ruigrok, Xiaolu Wang, Erika Sabel-Goedknegt, Patrice Coulon, Zhenyu Gao","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1176126","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1176126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies have shown that the cerebellum and the basal ganglia are interconnected at subcortical levels. However, a subcortical basal ganglia connection to the inferior olive (IO), being the source of the olivocerebellar climbing fiber system, is not known. We have used classical tracing with CTb, retrograde transneuronal infection with wildtype rabies virus, conditional tracing with genetically modified rabies virus, and examination of material made available by the Allen Brain Institute, to study potential basal ganglia connections to the inferior olive in rats and mice. We show in both species that parvalbumin-positive, and therefore GABAergic, neurons in the entopeduncular nucleus, representing the rodent equivalent of the internal part of the globus pallidus, innervate a group of cells that surrounds the fasciculus retroflexus and that are collectively known as the area parafascicularis prerubralis. As these neurons supply a direct excitatory input to large parts of the inferior olivary complex, we propose that the entopeduncular nucleus, as a main output station of the basal ganglia, provides an inhibitory influence on olivary excitability. As such, this connection may influence olivary involvement in cerebellar learning and/or could be involved in transmission of reward properties that have recently been established for olivocerebellar signaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1176126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10196041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9506544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cerebellum and fear extinction: evidence from rodent and human studies.","authors":"Alice Doubliez, Enzo Nio, Fernando Senovilla-Sanz, Vasiliki Spatharioti, Richard Apps, Dagmar Timmann, Charlotte L Lawrenson","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1166166","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1166166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of the cerebellum in emotional control has gained increasing interest, with studies showing it is involved in fear learning and memory in both humans and rodents. This review will focus on the contributions of the cerebellum to the extinction of learned fear responses. Extinction of fearful memories is critical for adaptive behaviour, and is clinically relevant to anxiety disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder, in which deficits in extinction processes are thought to occur. We present evidence that supports cerebellar involvement in fear extinction, from rodent studies that investigate molecular mechanisms and functional connectivity with other brain regions of the known fear extinction network, to fMRI studies in humans. This evidence is considered in relation to the theoretical framework that the cerebellum is involved in the formation and updating of internal models of the inner and outer world by detecting errors between predicted and actual outcomes. In the case of fear conditioning, these internal models are thought to predict the occurrence of an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US), and when the aversive US is unexpectedly omitted during extinction learning the cerebellum uses prediction errors to update the internal model. Differences between human and rodent studies are highlighted to help inform future work.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1166166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10160380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9423559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engaging distributed cortical and cerebellar networks through motor execution, observation, and imagery.","authors":"Julia U Henschke, Janelle M P Pakan","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1165307","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1165307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When we interact with the environment around us, we are sometimes active participants, making directed physical motor movements and other times only mentally engaging with our environment, taking in sensory information and internally planning our next move without directed physical movement. Traditionally, cortical motor regions and key subcortical structures such as the cerebellum have been tightly linked to motor initiation, coordination, and directed motor behavior. However, recent neuroimaging studies have noted the activation of the cerebellum and wider cortical networks specifically during various forms of motor processing, including the observations of actions and mental rehearsal of movements through motor imagery. This phenomenon of cognitive engagement of traditional motor networks raises the question of how these brain regions are involved in the initiation of movement without physical motor output. Here, we will review evidence for distributed brain network activation during motor execution, observation, and imagery in human neuroimaging studies as well as the potential for cerebellar involvement specifically in motor-related cognition. Converging evidence suggests that a common global brain network is involved in both movement execution and motor observation or imagery, with specific task-dependent shifts in these global activation patterns. We will further discuss underlying cross-species anatomical support for these cognitive motor-related functions as well as the role of cerebrocerebellar communication during action observation and motor imagery.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1165307"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10126249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9421722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebellar control of thalamocortical circuits for cognitive function: A review of pathways and a proposed mechanism.","authors":"Detlef H Heck, Mia B Fox, Brittany Correia Chapman, Samuel S McAfee, Yu Liu","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1126508","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1126508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is general agreement that cerebrocerebellar interactions <i>via</i> cerebellothalamocortical pathways are essential for a cerebellar cognitive and motor functions. Cerebellothalamic projections were long believed target mainly the ventral lateral (VL) and part of the ventral anterior (VA) nuclei, which project to cortical motor and premotor areas. Here we review new insights from detailed tracing studies, which show that projections from the cerebellum to the thalamus are widespread and reach almost every thalamic subnucleus, including nuclei involved in cognitive functions. These new insights into cerebellothalamic pathways beyond the motor thalamus are consistent with the increasing evidence of cerebellar cognitive function. However, the function of cerebellothalamic pathways and how they are involved in the various motor and cognitive functions of the cerebellum is still unknown. We briefly review literature on the role of the thalamus in coordinating the coherence of neuronal oscillations in the neocortex. The coherence of oscillations, which measures the stability of the phase relationship between two oscillations of the same frequency, is considered an indicator of increased functional connectivity between two structures showing coherent oscillations. Through thalamocortical interactions coherence patterns dynamically create and dissolve functional cerebral cortical networks in a task dependent manner. Finally, we review evidence for an involvement of the cerebellum in coordinating coherence of oscillations between cerebral cortical structures. We conclude that cerebellothalamic pathways provide the necessary anatomical substrate for a proposed role of the cerebellum in coordinating neuronal communication between cerebral cortical areas by coordinating the coherence of oscillations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1126508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10097962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9317371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The little brain and the seahorse: Cerebellar-hippocampal interactions.","authors":"Jessica M Froula, Shayne D Hastings, Esther Krook-Magnuson","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1158492","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1158492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a growing appreciation for the cerebellum beyond its role in motor function and accumulating evidence that the cerebellum and hippocampus interact across a range of brain states and behaviors. Acute and chronic manipulations, simultaneous recordings, and imaging studies together indicate coordinated coactivation and a bidirectional functional connectivity relevant for various physiological functions, including spatiotemporal processing. This bidirectional functional connectivity is likely supported by multiple circuit paths. It is also important in temporal lobe epilepsy: the cerebellum is impacted by seizures and epilepsy, and modulation of cerebellar circuitry can be an effective strategy to inhibit hippocampal seizures. This review highlights some of the recent key hippobellum literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1158492"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10076554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9278450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in glutamate AMPA receptor subunits mRNA with fast gating kinetics in the mouse cochlea.","authors":"Nicholas R Lozier, Steven Muscio, Indra Pal, Hou-Ming Cai, María E Rubio","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1100505","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1100505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence shows that females have increased supra-threshold peripheral auditory processing compared to males. This is indicated by larger auditory brainstem responses (ABR) wave I amplitude, which measures afferent spiral ganglion neuron (SGN)-auditory nerve synchrony. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this sex difference are mostly unknown. We sought to elucidate sex differences in ABR wave I amplitude by examining molecular markers known to affect synaptic transmission kinetics. Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) mediate fast excitatory transmission in mature SGN afferent synapses. Each AMPAR channel is a tetramer composed of GluA2, 3, and 4 subunits (<i>Gria2, 3</i>, and <i>4</i> genes), and those lacking GluA2 subunits have larger currents, are calcium-permeable, and have faster gating kinetics. Moreover, alternatively spliced <i>flip</i> and <i>flop</i> isoforms of each AMPAR subunit affect channel kinetics, having faster kinetics those AMPARs containing <i>Gria3</i> and <i>Gria4 flop</i> isoforms. We hypothesized that SGNs of females have more fast-gating AMPAR subunit mRNA than males, which could contribute to more temporally precise synaptic transmission and increased SGN synchrony. Our data show that the index of <i>Gria3</i> relative to <i>Gria2</i> transcripts on SGN was higher in females than males (females: 48%; males: 43%), suggesting that females have more SGNs with higher <i>Gria3</i> mRNA relative to <i>Gria2</i>. Analysis of the relative abundance of the <i>flip</i> and <i>flop</i> alternatively spliced isoforms showed that females have a 2-fold increase in fast-gating <i>Gria3</i> <i>flop</i> mRNA, while males have more slow-gating (2.5-fold) of the <i>flip</i>. We propose that <i>Gria3</i> may in part mediate greater SGN synchrony in females. <b>Significance Statement:</b> Females of multiple vertebrate species, including fish and mammals, have been reported to have enhanced sound-evoked synchrony of afferents in the auditory nerve. However, the underlying molecular mediators of this physiologic sex difference are unknown. Elucidating potential molecular mechanisms related to sex differences in auditory processing is important for maintaining healthy ears and developing potential treatments for hearing loss in both sexes. This study found that females have a 2-fold increase in <i>Gria3 flop</i> mRNA, a fast-gating AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunit. This difference may contribute to greater neural synchrony in the auditory nerve of female mice compared to males, and this sex difference may be conserved in all vertebrates.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1100505"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10017478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9408336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of autism spectrum disorder using graph representation learning algorithms and deep neural network, based on fMRI signals.","authors":"Ali Yousefian,&nbsp;Farzaneh Shayegh,&nbsp;Zeinab Maleki","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2022.904770","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnsys.2022.904770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Can we apply graph representation learning algorithms to identify autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients within a large brain imaging dataset? ASD is mainly identified by brain functional connectivity patterns. Attempts to unveil the common neural patterns emerged in ASD are the essence of ASD classification. We claim that graph representation learning methods can appropriately extract the connectivity patterns of the brain, in such a way that the method can be generalized to every recording condition, and phenotypical information of subjects. These methods can capture the whole structure of the brain, both local and global properties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The investigation is done for the worldwide brain imaging multi-site database known as ABIDE I and II (Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange). Among different graph representation techniques, we used AWE, Node2vec, Struct2vec, multi node2vec, and Graph2Img. The best approach was Graph2Img, in which after extracting the feature vectors representative of the brain nodes, the PCA algorithm is applied to the matrix of feature vectors. The classifier adapted to the features embedded in graphs is an LeNet deep neural network.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Although we could not outperform the previous accuracy of 10-fold cross-validation in the identification of ASD versus control patients in this dataset, for leave-one-site-out cross-validation, we could obtain better results (our accuracy: 80%). The result is that graph embedding methods can prepare the connectivity matrix more suitable for applying to a deep network.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":"16 ","pages":"904770"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9932324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10772679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Magnetoencephalography for social science.","authors":"Jonathan Levy, Iiro P Jääskeläinen, Margot J Taylor","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2022.1105923","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnsys.2022.1105923","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":"16 ","pages":"1105923"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9846595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9147120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}