Frontiers in Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Unlocking male sterility in horticultural crops through gene editing technology for precision breeding applications: presentation of a case study in tomato.","authors":"Silvia Farinati, Adriana Fernanda Soria Garcia, Samela Draga, Alessandro Vannozzi, Fabio Palumbo, Francesco Scariolo, Giovanni Gabelli, Gianni Barcaccia","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1549136","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1549136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant male sterility (MS) refers to the failure of the production of functional anthers, viable pollen grains and/or fertile sperm cells. This feature has great potential in horticultural crops for the exploitation of heterosis through the development of F1 hybrid varieties. MS in plants can occur spontaneously or can be induced artificially by exploiting biotechnological tools, such as the editing of genes involved in spore formation or pollen development. The success of such an approach strongly depends both on preliminary knowledge of the involved genes and on effective procedures for <i>in vitro</i> transfection/regeneration of whole plants. Furthermore, according to previous studies based on CRISPR/Cas9 technology, the efficacy of targeting and the resulting mutation profile are critically influenced by intrinsic factors, such as the CRISPR target primary sequence sites and chromatin signatures, which are often associated with varying levels of chromatin accessibility across different genomic regions. This relationship underscores the complexity of CRISPR-based genome editing and highlights the need to identify a precise suitable target. Our paper reports the results obtained for site-specific <i>in vivo</i> mutagenesis via a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated strategy applied to the <i>MYB80</i> gene, which is a promising target for implementing male sterility in horticultural crops. We highlight the main steps that play a key role in the whole experimental pipeline, which aims at the generation of CRISPR/Cas-edited DNA-free tomato plants. This goal was achieved via protoplast-based technology and by directly delivering a ribonucleoprotein complex consisting of the Cas9 protein and <i>in vitro</i> synthesized single guide RNAs that can target different positions of the gene under investigation. Overall findings and insights are presented and critically discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1549136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of cereal productivity and physiological performance under desert conditions: varying irrigation, salinity and planting density levels.","authors":"Pedro García-Caparros, Abdullah J Al-Dakheel, Maria D Serret, Jose L Araus","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1488576","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1488576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adequate irrigation with low-quality water, aligned with the specific water requirements of crops, will be critical for the future establishment of cereal crops on marginally fertile soils. This approach is essential to support global food security. To identify suitable cereal species and genotypes for these challenging conditions with the aim of optimizing yield and resilience, three different cereal species were tested under sandy soil conditions at the experimental fields of ICBA (Dubai, UAE). The experimental design employed a factorial combination split-plot arrangement including five primary factors: crop species (barley, triticale and finger millet), genotypes (3 in barley, 3 in triticale and 2 in finger millet), salinity levels (2 and 10 dS m^-1), irrigation levels (100%, 150%, and 200% ETo), and planting densities (30 and 50 cm of spacing between rows). Agronomic parameters (e.g. plant height, grain yield, total plant dry weight and harvest index) and physiological parameters [Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) readings, together with nitrogen and carbon concentration isotopic composition, chlorophyll, flavonoids, and anthocyanins concentrations in flag leaves and the Nitrogen Balance Index (NBI)] exhibited distinct genotypic responses across the species investigated. Regarding grain yield, salt stress did not impact barley and finger millet, whereas triticale experienced a reduction of nearly one third of its yield. Increased irrigation led to higher grain yields only in barley, while increased planting density significantly improved grain yield across all species examined demonstrating its potential as a simple agronomic intervention. Physiological responses highlighted reduced nitrogen isotope composition under both salt stress and higher planting density in all species. Nevertheless, the response to irrigation varied among species exhibiting significant negative correlations with aerial plant dry matter. In contrast, carbon isotope composition did not display a clear pattern in any of the species studied under different agronomic treatments. These results underscore the importance of selecting salt and drought tolerant species and optimizing planting density to maximize productivity on marginal soils. Future research should focus on refining irrigation strategies and identification of high-performing genotypes to improve cereal cultivation in arid regions, contributing to global food security.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1488576"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wake up: the regulation of dormancy release and bud break in perennial plants.","authors":"Yue Zhao, Yahui Ma, Hanruo Qiu, Lijuan Zhou, Kunrong He, Yajin Ye","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1553953","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1553953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to survive harsh winter conditions, perennial trees in the temperate and frigid regions enter a dormant state and cease growth in late summer after vigorous growth in spring and summer. After experiencing prolonged cold temperature and short days in winter, trees release their dormancy, and they resume growth to produce new buds in the following spring, a process known as bud break. The establishment/release of bud dormancy and bud break are crucial for the adaptations of woody plants and their survival in the natural environment. Photoperiod and temperature are key regulators in the bud dormancy and break cycle. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanism for how photoperiod and temperature regulate seasonal growth and dormancy. Here, we summarized the regulatory network and mechanisms underlying the seasonal growth of perennial woody plants in the temperate and frigid regions, focusing on several molecular modules including the photoperiod, circadian clock, <i>EARLY BUD BREAK 1 (EBB1)</i> - <i>SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE Like</i> (<i>SVL</i>) - <i>EARLY BUD BREAK 3 (EBB3)</i> module and hormone regulation. Through these modules, we will summarize how perennial trees release dormancy and bud break in order to better understand their differences and connections. By elucidating the interactions among these factors, we also point out the questions and challenges need to be addressed in understanding the bud dormancy and break cycle of perennial plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1553953"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breeding SCN-resistant soybean lines with improved oil and protein contents.","authors":"Yun Lian, Chenfang Lei, Dongwei Han, Ming Yuan, Weiguo Lu","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1539409","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1539409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) disease caused by <i>Heterodera glycines</i> is one of the most devastating diseases in soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) and results in significant yield losses annually worldwide. Breeding crops for resistance is an eco-friendly approach to minimize these losses. In this study, SCN-resistant germplasm with excellent agronomic traits was obtained through cross-breeding between resistant germplasm sources and local cultivars that were high-yielding but susceptible to SCN in China's two major soybean-growing regions. Using the single seed descent method, plants with favorable agronomic traits were selected and then planted into rows to raise seeds for marker assays and environmental-controlled bioassays. Finally, three lines from Northeast China and three from the Huang-Huai Valleys, all harboring resistance to races 1, 3, and 5, were selected. Their 100-seed weight ranged from 18.91 g to 21.6 g. The average oil contents of the three high-oil-content lines (QingF6-67, QingF6-98, and QingF6-99) from Northeast China ranged from 19.96% to 22.74%. The average protein contents of the three lines (HHF7-3-10, HHF7-6-6, and HHF7-6-10) from the Huang-Huai Valleys ranged from 42.3% to 43.5%. These six resistant lines, which have increased seed oil or protein contents, could be used as resistant cultivars against SCN or advanced donor parents in soybean breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1539409"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and expression responses of TCP gene family in <i>Opisthopappus taihangensis</i> under abiotic stress.","authors":"Ting Gao, Xiaojuan Zhou, Mian Han, Yuexin Shen, Yimeng Zhang, Qi Wu, Haoyuan Dan, Tingyu Wang, Hang Ye, Li Liu, Min Chai, Yiling Wang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1499244","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1499244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The TCP gene family plays pivotal roles in the development and abiotic stress responses of plants; however, no data has been provided for this gene family in <i>Opisthopappus taihangensis</i>. Based on <i>O. taihangensis</i> genome, 14 <i>TCP</i> genes were identified and divided into two classes (I and II). After tandem and segmental duplication/whole-genome duplication (WGD), more loss and less gain events of OtTCPs occurred, which might be related with the underwent purifying selection during the evolution. The conserved motifs and structures of <i>OtTCP</i> genes contained light response, growth and development, hormone response, and stress-related cis-acting elements. Different <i>OtTCP</i> genes, even duplicated gene pairs, could be expressed in different tissues, which implied that <i>OtTCP</i> genes had diverse function. Among OtTCPs, <i>OtTCP4</i>, <i>9</i> and <i>11</i> of CYC clade (Class II) presented a relative wide expression pattern with no or one intron. The three <i>TCP</i> genes could be regarded as important candidate factors for <i>O. taihangensis</i> in growth, development and stress response. These results provided some clues and references for the further in-depth exploration of <i>O. taihangensis</i> resistance mechanisms, as well as those of other unique eco-environment plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1499244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation effect of seed priming on sowing rate of direct seeding of rice under salt stress.","authors":"Yicheng Zhang, Haider Sultan, Asad Shah, Yixue Mu, Yusheng Li, Lin Li, Zheng Huang, Shaokun Song, Ye Tao, Zhenxiang Zhou, Lixiao Nie","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1541736","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1541736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Direct seeding of rice (DSR) is a widely used method for its labor- and cost-saving advantages. However, the global intensification of soil salinization presents a significant challenge to food security. Increasing sowing rates is a common practice to enhance germination under salt stress, although it leads to higher seed costs. Recently, seed priming has emerged as an effective technique to improve seedling emergence under abiotic stress, but the regulation of seed priming treatment on the sowing rate of DSR under saline soil conditions has rarely been reported. Therefore, field experiments were conducted at two salinity levels of 1.5‰ (1.5 g kg^-1) (T2) and 3.0‰ (3 g kg^-1) (T3) and under one non-saline condition (0‰) (T1). The control (P1) consisted of non-primed seeds, while priming treatments included 160 mg L^-¹ ascorbic acid (P2), γ-aminobutyric acid (P3), and 200 mg L^-¹ zinc oxide nanoparticles (P4); three sowing rates were applied: 90 (S1), 150 (S2), and 240 seeds m^-2 (S3). Our results demonstrated that under T1-T3, the germination rate, α-amylase activity, and soluble sugar and protein contents were significantly increased after priming treatments. The contents of reactive oxygen species (i.e., O₂ ^- and H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were decreased, while the activities of enzymatic antioxidants (i.e., superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) and the K⁺/Na⁺ ratio of rice were significantly increased after the above seed priming treatments. Under T1-T3, the grain yield increased by 13.39%-36.94% after priming treatments, primarily due to enhanced seed germination, which boosted panicle number per unit area. Among P2-P4 treatments, P4 treatment consistently resulted in the highest yield increase (26.96%-36.94%) compared to P1, outperforming P2 and P3 under T1-T3. Furthermore, under T1-T3, the grain yield with priming treatment at 90 seeds m^-2 was equivalent to that obtained without priming treatment at 240 seeds m^-2. The potential mechanisms by which priming treatments enhance rice salt tolerance include increased levels of osmoregulatory substances and elevated activities of antioxidant enzymes, which collectively support improved seed germination. Therefore, to optimize the economic benefits of DSR when the salt concentration is below 3‰, the sowing rate could be reduced to 90 seeds m^-2 using ZnO-nanoparticle priming treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1541736"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote sensing inversion of nitrogen content in silage maize plants based on feature selection.","authors":"Kejing Cheng, Jixuan Yan, Guang Li, Weiwei Ma, Zichen Guo, Wenning Wang, Haolin Li, Qihong Da, Xuchun Li, Yadong Yao","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1554842","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1554842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excessive nitrogen application and low nitrogen use efficiency have been major issues in China's agricultural development, posing significant challenges for field management. Nitrogen is a critical nutrient for crop growth, playing an indispensable role in crop development, yield formation, and quality enhancement. Therefore, precisely controlling nitrogen application rates can reduce environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilization and improve nitrogen use efficiency. This study employs multispectral remote sensing images, combined with field-measured nitrogen content, to develop canopy nitrogen content inversion models for maize using three algorithms: backpropagation neural network (BP), support vector machine (SVM), and partial least squares regression (PLSR). The results reveal that there is a degree of redundancy in the information contained in various spectral indices. Feature selection effectively eliminates correlated and redundant spectral information, thereby improving modeling efficiency. The spectral indices Green Index (GI) and Nitrogen Reflectance Index (NRI) exhibit strong correlations with nitrogen content in the maize canopy, suggesting that the green and red spectral bands are crucial for retrieving maize's biophysical and biochemical parameters. In studies on nitrogen content inversion in the maize canopy, the random forest (RF) algorithm, coupled with PLSR, demonstrated superior predictive performance. Compared to the standalone PLSR model, accuracy improved by 3.5%-6.5%, providing a scientific foundation and technical support for precise nitrogen diagnosis and fertilizer management in maize cultivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1554842"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting levels of transcriptome-wide SNP diversity and adaptive molecular variation among conifers.","authors":"Nathalie Pavy, Sébastien Gérardi, Julien Prunier, Philippe Rigault, Jérôme Laroche, Gaétan Daigle, Brian Boyle, John MacKay, Jean Bousquet","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1500759","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1500759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adaptive convergence can arise when response to natural selection involves shared molecular or functional mechanisms among multiple taxa. Conifers are archaic species of ancient origin with delayed sexual maturity related to their woody perennial nature. Thus, they represent a relevant plant group to assess if convergence from selection may have become disconnected between molecular and functional levels. In this purpose, transcriptome-wide SNP diversity was assessed in seven partially sympatric and reproductively isolated conifer species (118 individuals from 67 populations) populating the temperate and boreal forests of northeastern North America. SNP diversity was found highly heterogeneous among species, which would relate to variation in species-specific demography and history. Rapidly evolving genes with signatures of positive selection were identified, and their relative abundance among species reflected differences in transcriptome-wide SNP diversity. The analysis of sequence homology also revealed very limited convergence among taxa in spite of sampling same tissues at same age. However, convergence increased gradually at the levels of gene families and biological processes, which were largely related to stress response and regulatory mechanisms in all species. Given their multiple small to large gene families and long time since inception, conifers may have had sufficient gene network flexibility and gene functional redundancy for evolving alternative adaptive genes for similar metabolic responses to environmental selection pressures. Despite a long divergence time of ~350 Mya between conifers and Angiosperms, we also uncovered a set of 17 key genes presumably under positive selection in both lineages.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1500759"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress dose explains drought recovery in Norway spruce.","authors":"Timo Knüver, Andreas Bär, Elias Hamann, Marcus Zuber, Stefan Mayr, Barbara Beikircher, Nadine K Ruehr","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1542301","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1542301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Understanding the stress recovery of trees, particularly with respect to increasing droughts due to climate change, is crucial. An often-overlooked aspect is how short <i>versus</i> long drought events of high intensity (i.e., low and high stress dose) result in stress damage and affect post-stress recovery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study examines the stress and recovery dynamics of 3-year-old <i>Picea abies</i> following a short drought (n = 5) of 18 days or a long drought (n = 9) of 51 days during late summer. We particularly assessed how the recovery of canopy conductance and tree transpiration is linked to i) stress intensity in terms of minimum water potential, ii) stress duration inferred by days below a water potential related to 12% hydraulic conductance loss (dP₁₂), iii) stress dose inferred by the cumulative tree water deficit on days below P₁₂ (TWD_P12) as well as the cumulative water potential (Ψ_cum), and iv) the percent loss of conductive xylem area (PLA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both drought treatments resulted in stem and root embolism with a higher PLA of 49% ± 10% in the long drought treatment compared to 18% ± 6% in the short drought treatment consistent across the measured plant parts. Suffering from embolism and leaf shedding (long drought, 32%; short drought, 12%), canopy conductance in the long drought treatment recovered to 41% ± 3% of the control and in the short drought treatment to 66% ± 4% at 12 days after drought release. These recovery rates were well explained by the observed PLA (R² = 0.66) and the dP₁₂ (R² = 0.62) but best explained by stress dose metrics, particularly the cumulative TWD_P12 (R² = 0.88).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our study highlights that stress duration and intensity should be integrated to assess post-stress recovery rates. Here, the tree water deficit derived from point dendrometers appears promising, as it provides a non-destructive and high temporal resolution of the stress dose.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1542301"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on a machine vision-based electro-killing pheromone-baited intelligent agricultural pest monitoring method.","authors":"Guozhi Li, Zhengbo Liu, Zelin Feng, Jun Lyu, Bin Li, Guo Chen, Qing Yao","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1521594","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1521594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The annual global economic losses from pest-induced crop damage are substantial and difficult to quantify. Real-time monitoring of pest dynamics and timely control strategies are crucial for food security. Among the primary monitoring techniques, sex pheromone-baited trapping technology is instrumental in the detection and management of agricultural pests. To address existing limitations-such as manual insect collection and counting in conventional traps, inaccuracies in photoelectric counting devices, and the requirement for manual replacement of sticky boards in image-based traps-an advanced agricultural pest monitoring system utilizing sex pheromone bait was designed and developed in this paper. The system integrates smart electro-killing pheromone traps, a pest detection model, and a pheromone monitoring platform. Male pests attracted to pheromones are neutralized by an electric grid and deposited on an image acquisition platform. A network camera captures images of the pests, which are processed by a YOLOv9-TrapPest detection model to identify and quantify them. This model incorporates an AKConv module to enhance feature extraction, reducing false detections from limb separation. The CBAM-PANet structure improves detection rates of sticky pests, while the FocalNet module optimizes fine-grained feature capture, excluding non-target pests. The YOLOv9-TrapPest model outperforms other detection models, achieving 97.5% average precision and 98.3% mAP50 for detecting seven pest species. Furthermore, a pest pheromone monitoring platform displays the images and identification results, supporting pest control decisions. This system incorporates automated functions for pest trapping, killing, counting, and clearing, thereby achieving complete automation in the monitoring of pests attracted by sex pheromones.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1521594"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}