Frontiers in Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Metagenomics-based study of rhizospheric microorganisms of <i>Poa alpigena L.</i> in Qinghai Lake, Ganzi River Plateau.","authors":"Bo Wei, Qianqian Xu, Junfei Kong, Xu Su, Kelong Chen, Hengsheng Wang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1518637","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1518637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Poa alpigena</i> Lindm., a dominant forage grass on the Tibetan Plateau, plays a critical role in livestock production and grassland restoration. This study investigates the rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil microorganisms of <i>Poa alpigena L.</i> in the Ganzi River area of the Qinghai Lake basin using metagenomic sequencing to understand their diversity and potential ecological functions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Soil samples were collected from rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric areas of <i>Poa alpigena L.</i> using the S-type five-point sampling method. DNA was extracted, and metagenomic sequencing was performed using the BGISEQ-500 platform. Alpha and Beta diversity analyses were conducted, and LEfSe analysis was used to identify differentially abundant microbial taxa and metabolic pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 5,681 microbial species across 1,606 genera, 521 families, 61 phyla, and 246 orders were identified. Non-rhizospheric soils exhibited higher species richness than rhizospheric soils. Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in both soil types. Rhizospheric soils showed significant enrichment in pathways related to antibiotic biosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and methane metabolism, while non-rhizospheric soils were enriched in quorum sensing and drug-metabolizing pathways.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings highlight the selective influence of <i>Poa alpigena L.</i> on soil microbial communities and their potential role in mitigating methane emissions. The study provides a foundation for understanding the ecological functions of soil microorganisms in alpine meadows and supports sustainable grassland management practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1518637"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11885292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Amorphophallus konjac</i>: traditional uses, bioactive potential, and emerging health applications.","authors":"Archana Jain, Surendra Sarsaiya, Qihai Gong, Qin Wu, Jingshan Shi","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1530814","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1530814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Amorphophallus konjac</i> is a perennial plant native to Southeast Asia, renowned for its edible corms and rich nutritional value. The bioactive component, konjac glucomannan (KGM), has garnered significant attention due to its broad applications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the traditional uses, chemical and physical properties, and modern health applications of KGM. It highlights cutting-edge research, discusses challenges and limitations, and identifies future directions for advancing the utility of KGM in health and nutrition. KGM demonstrates remarkable health benefits, including improving metabolic health through weight management, blood glucose stabilization, and lipid profile enhancement. It also plays a vital role in gut health. Emerging evidence highlights its anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory effects, with applications in managing inflammatory bowel disease, hyperthyroidism, and colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent advancements in multi-omics analyses and high-throughput screening (HTS) approaches have improved KGM extraction, characterization, and evaluation. However, potential side effects such as gastrointestinal discomfort and allergenicity, along with challenges in maintaining purity and molecular consistency, require careful consideration. KGM is a versatile dietary fiber with extensive applications in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and therapeutic interventions. Future research should focus on enhancing KGM's bioavailability, developing targeted delivery systems, and formulating novel applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1530814"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11885276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil properties and rhizosphere interactions affecting nitrous oxide emissions with mitigation by nitrification inhibitors in rice growth stages.","authors":"Haipeng Zhang, Yiyin Lu, Wanyi Li, Fuxing Liao, Juanjuan Wang, Hongcheng Zhang, Yanju Yang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1501410","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1501410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from paddy soils, particularly from the rice rhizosphere, significantly contribute to agricultural greenhouse gas outputs. This study explores N₂O emission dynamics in rhizosphere (R) and non-rhizosphere (NR) soils from two distinct paddy types (JR and YC) during the primary rice growth stages (tillering, jointing, heading, and grain-filling). Cumulative N₂O emissions were measured at 688.56, 762.90, 831.20, and 1072.32 µg N kg^-1 for JR-NR, JR-R, YC-NR, and YC-R, respectively. Notably, JR-R and YC-R exhibited increases in cumulative N₂O emissions by up to 20.04% and 28.23%, respectively, compared to their NR counterparts at different growth stages. These enhanced emissions were primarily associated with microbial genera <i>Nitrosospira</i> and <i>Nitrosospirae</i>, and influenced by factors such as electrical conductivity (EC) and available potassium (AK). The soil organic carbon to total nitrogen ratio (C/N) was a key determinant influencing <i>Nitrosospira</i> abundance. Additionally, nitrification inhibitors (NIs) demonstrated a substantial reduction in N₂O emissions, with a decrease of 92.37% in JR-R and 91.93% in YC-R at selected growth stages, showing more pronounced effects compared to NR soils. These findings highlight the efficacy of NIs in significantly mitigating N₂O emissions, particularly in rhizosphere soils. Variations in the efficiency of NIs across different soil types and growth stages suggest that optimizing application timing and developing tailored soil-specific strategies could further enhance the effectiveness of NIs in mitigating N₂O emissions from paddy fields. This research provides essential insights for developing targeted mitigation strategies to reduce N₂O emissions in rice cultivation and contributes to sustainable agricultural practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1501410"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11885122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal multiple long-distance dispersal events and extensive cryptic speciation in <i>Nervilia</i> (Orchidaceae), an isolated basal Epidendroid genus.","authors":"Stephan W Gale, Jihong Li, Somran Suddee, Paweena Traiperm, Craig I Peter, Tomas Buruwate, Benjamin J Crain, Melissa K McCormick, Dennis F Whigham, Arni Musthofa, Khyanjeet Gogoi, Katsura Ito, Yukio Minamiya, Tatsuya Fukuda, Sven Landrein, Tomohisa Yukawa","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1495487","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1495487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The terrestrial orchid genus <i>Nervilia</i> is diagnosed by its hysteranthous pattern of emergence but is nested among leafless myco-heterotrophic lineages in the lower Epidendroideae. Comprising ca. 80 species distributed across Africa, Asia and Oceania, the genus remains poorly known and plagued by vague and overlapping species circumscriptions, especially within each of a series of taxonomically intractable species complexes. Prior small-scale, exploratory molecular phylogenetic analyses have revealed the existence of cryptic species, but little is otherwise understood of origin, the scale and timing of its biogeographic spread, or the palaeoclimatic factors that have shaped its ecology and given rise to contemporary patterns of occurrence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we sample widely throughout the generic range, including 45 named taxa and multiple accessions referable to several widespread 'macrospecies', as well as material of equivocal identity and probable undescribed status, for the first time enabling an evaluation of taxonomic boundaries at both species and sectional level. Using nuclear (<i>ITS</i>) and plastid (<i>matK</i>, <i>trnL-F</i>) sequence data, we conduct phylogenetic (maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference) and ancestral area analysis to infer relationships and resolve probable origin and colonisation routes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The genus is strongly supported as monophyletic, as are each of its three sections. However, the number of flowers in the inflorescence and other floral characters are poor indicators of sectional affinity. Dated ancestral area analysis supports an origin in Africa in the Early Oligocene, with spread eastwards to Asia occurring in the Late Miocene, plausibly via the Gomphotherium land bridge at a time when it supported woodland and savanna ecosystems.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Taxonomic radiation in Asia within the last 8 million years ties in with dramatic Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau uplift and associated intensification of the Asia monsoon. Multiple long-range migrations appear to have occurred thereafter, as the genus colonised Malesia and Oceania from the Pliocene onwards. The bulk of contemporary species diversity is relatively recent, potentially explaining the ubiquity of cryptic speciation, which leaves numerous species overlooked and unnamed. Widespread disjunct species pairs hint at high mobility across continents, extinction and a history of climate-induced vicariance. Persistent taxonomic challenges are highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1495487"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11883896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Omics in seed development: challenges and opportunities for improving of seed quality and yield in model and crop plants.","authors":"Changye Yang, Zhaorong Hu, Raju Datla, Daoquan Xiang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1568039","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1568039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1568039"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of elevated atmospheric ozone concentration on biomass and non-structural carbohydrates allocation of cherry radish.","authors":"Li Li, Bingkai Yang, Jinling Li, Xiaoke Wang, Sami Ullah","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1547359","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1547359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regional increases in atmospheric O₃ have phytotoxicity due to its strong oxidizing properties. Cherry radish (<i>Raphanus sativus</i> L.), with its sensitivity to O₃ and rapid growth cycle, serves as an excellent model for investigating the effects of elevated O₃ on plant physiological responses. To determine the response of cherry radish to elevated O₃ levels, we used nine open-top chambers with three O₃ concentrations (Ambient-LO; 70 ppb O₃ above ambient-MO; 140 ppb O₃ above ambient-HO) in Beijing, China to examine the MDA, chlorophyll contents, biomass, soluble sugar, and starch contents in response to O₃ exposure. The results showed that: 1) elevated O₃ (EO₃) did not affect leaf chlorophyll contents but increased carotenoid contents; (2). The total biomass, hypocotyl biomass and hypocotyl size were significantly decreased by 41% and 49%, 51% and 37%, 53% and 40% by MO and HO, respectively. The above-to-below-ground biomass ratio (A/B) increased by 49% and 61% under MO and HO treatments; (3). HO and MO significantly increased leaf fructose, sucrose, and glucose contents by 192% and 79%, 40% and 37%, 110% and 45%, respectively; (4). leaf soluble sugar biomass proportion increased by 75% and 99% under HO and MO mainly contributed by fructose biomass proportion increase; (5). radish plant allocated more soluble sugar, starch and NSC biomass proportion to leaf but not hypocotyl under EO₃. In conclusion, radishes exposed to O₃ allocate more nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) to the leaf at the expense of a great loss of hypocotyl biomass. This is possible mainly due to compensation of O₃-induced damage via the sugar transport pathways, where transport is blocked so that the inefficient conversion of soluble sugars into starch can lead to reduced biomass accumulation and ultimately lower crop yields of radish. The role of radish fructose in protecting against or responding to O₃ risks may be underestimated as it affects the overall sugar metabolism and transport within the plant.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1547359"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and testing of the key technology of the cotton direct seeding machine.","authors":"Wei Song, Liu Hongyun","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1530725","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1530725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The paper aims to slove the problems of low sowing depth qualification index and poor seeding stability during in summer direct-sown cotton in the Yangtze River Basin China. To this end, a cotton seeder with rotary tillage and electric drive seeding was designed. In order to satisfy the agronomic requirements of summer direct-sown cotton, the key structural parameters of this planter were determined, and the key factors affecting the stability of seeding depth were derived. The test method of rotary orthogonal was adopted, with the initial traction angle, initial spring increment, and Working speed of the machine serving as the test factors, and the sowing depth qualification index and sowing depth consistency coefficient of variation serving as the test indexes. The results demonstrated when the initial traction angle was set to 0°. the initial spring increment was 15mm, and the Working speed was 3km·h^-1, the sowing depth qualification index was obtained to be 95.59%, and the sowing depth consistency coefficient of variation was 7.38%. A test was conducted to assess the accuracy of the speed control of the electric drive seed dispenser of the sowing system. The plant spacing was set at 15, 18, and 20 cm, and the speed was set at 4.01-6.10 km·h^-1. The results demonstrated the overall mean adjustment time for the speed of the seed dispenser disk was 1.04 seconds, with a standard deviation of 0.36; the overall mean steady-state error was 0.28 r/min, with a standard deviation of 0.21 r/min; the overall mean control accuracy was 98.86%, with a standard deviation of 1.01. A field test was conducted with a set plant spacing of 15 cm and a seeder speed that was not fixed. The sowing plant spacing was able to focus on the set plant spacing within the range of the qualified grain spacing (15 ± 3 cm) of the emergence of seedlings. The average sowing emergence Conformity index was 86.48%, with a minimum of 83.81%.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1530725"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spray-induced gene silencing for crop protection: recent advances and emerging trends.","authors":"Can Chen, Muhammad Imran, Xianyang Feng, Xihui Shen, Zhongke Sun","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1527944","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1527944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The RNA-based spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) technology represents an ecologically sustainable approach to crop protection and pathogen management. Following the recent approval of Ledprona as the first sprayable double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) biopesticide by the EPA at the end of 2023, SIGS has emerged as a focal point in both academic and industrial sectors. This review analyzes recent advances and emerging trends in SIGS. The application of SIGS for crop protection, including the control of insects, fungal pathogens, and viruses, is briefly summarized. Distinguishing this review from others, we delve into practical aspects of the technology, such as the selection and screening of target genes, large-scale production methods, and delivery systems, highlighting major advancements in these areas and also addressing the remaining questions and issues, particularly concerning safety concerns and controlling harmful weeds. Finally, this review emphasizes the emerging trends in SIGS technology, particularly its integration with nanotechnology and other methodologies. Collectively, the rapid progress in SIGS studies is poised to accelerate the maturation and application of this technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1527944"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic analysis of early stages of '<i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter asiaticus' infection in susceptible and resistant species after inoculation by <i>Diaphorina citri</i> feeding on young shoots.","authors":"Mônica N Alves, Juan Cifuentes-Arenas, Regina Niñoles, Laudecir Lemos Raiol-Junior, Everton Carvalho, Isabel Quirós-Rodriguez, Jesus A Ferro, Concetta Licciardello, Berta Alquezar, Lourdes Carmona, Javier Forment, Aureliano Bombarely, Nelson A Wulff, Leandro Peña, José Gadea","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1502953","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1502953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating disease of citrus plants caused by the non-culturable phloem-inhabiting bacterium <i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter ssp., being <i>Ca</i>. Liberibacter asiaticus (<i>C</i>Las) the most aggressive species. <i>C</i>Las is vectored by the psyllid <i>Diaphorina citri</i> and introduced into sieve cells, establishing a successful infection in all <i>Citrus</i> species. Partial or complete resistance has been documented in the distant relatives <i>Murraya paniculata</i> and <i>Bergera koenigii</i>, respectively, providing excellent systems to investigate the molecular basis of HLB-resistance. It has been shown previously that the first weeks after bacterial release into the phloem are critical for the establishment of the bacterium. In this study, a thorough transcriptomic analysis of young flushes exposed to <i>C</i>Las-positive and negative psyllids has been performed in <i>Citrus × sinensis</i>, as well as in the aforementioned resistant species, along the first eight weeks after exposure. Our results indicate that the resistant species do not deploy a classical immunity response upon <i>C</i>Las recognition. Instead, transcriptome changes are scarce and only a few genes are differentially expressed when flushes exposed to <i>C</i>Las-positive and negative psyllid are compared. Functional analysis suggests that primary metabolism and other basic cellular functions could be rewired in the resistant species to limit infection. Transcriptomes of young flushes of the three species are very different, supporting the existence of distinct biochemical niches for the bacterium. These findings suggest that both intrinsic metabolic inadequacies to <i>C</i>Las survival, as well as inducible reprogramming of physiological functions upon <i>C</i>Las recognition, could orchestrate together restriction of bacterial multiplication in these resistant hosts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1502953"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic and metabolomic insights into the impact of topping treatment on cigar tobacco.","authors":"Dong Guo, Huajun Gao, Tongjing Yan, Changjian Xia, Beisen Lin, Xiaohua Xiang, Bin Cai, Zhaoliang Geng","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1425154","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1425154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Top removal is a widely utilized method in production process of tobacco, but little is known regarding the way it impacts protein and metabolic regulation. In this study, we investigated the underlying processes of alterations in cigar tobacco leaves with and without top removal, using a combined proteomic and metabolomic approach. The results revealed that: (1) Topping significantly affected superoxide anion (O₂ ^-) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, (2) In the cigar tobacco proteome, 385 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, with 228 proteins upregulated and 156 downregulated. Key pathways enriched included flavonoid biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism. A network of 161 nodes interconnected by 102 significantly altered proteins was established, (3) In the cigar tobacco metabolome, 247 significantly different metabolites (DEMs) were identified, with 120 upregulated and 128 downregulated metabolites, mainly comprising lipids and lipid-like molecules, phenylpropanoids and polyketides, organic acids and derivatives, and organic heterocyclic compounds, (4) KEGG pathway enrichment revealed upregulation of proteins such as chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), naringenin 3-dioxygenase (F3H), and flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase (F3'H), along with metabolites like pinocembrin, kaempferol, trifolin, rutin, and quercetin, enhancing the pathways of 'flavonoid' and 'flavone and flavonol' biosynthesis. This study sheds light on the metabolic and proteomic responses of cigar tobacco after topping.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1425154"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}