Frontiers in Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"A segmentation-combination data augmentation strategy and dual attention mechanism for accurate Chinese herbal medicine microscopic identification.","authors":"Xiaoying Zhu, Guangyao Pang, Xi He, Yue Chen, Zhenming Yu","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1442968","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1442968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM), with its deep-rooted history and increasing global recognition, encounters significant challenges in automation for microscopic identification. These challenges stem from limitations in traditional microscopic methods, scarcity of publicly accessible datasets, imbalanced class distributions, and issues with small, unevenly distributed, incomplete, or blurred features in microscopic images.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel deep learning-based approach for Chinese Herbal Medicine Microscopic Identification (CHMMI). A segmentation-combination data augmentation strategy is employed to expand and balance datasets, capturing comprehensive feature sets. Additionally, a shallow-deep dual attention module enhances the model's ability to focus on relevant features across different layers. Multi-scale inference is integrated to process features at various scales effectively, improving the accuracy of object detection and identification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CHMMI approach achieved an Average Precision (AP) of 0.841, a mean Average Precision at IoU=.50 (mAP@.5) of 0.887, a mean Average Precision at IoU from .50 to .95 (mAP@.5:.95) of 0.551, and a Matthews Correlation Coefficient of 0.898. These results demonstrate superior performance compared to state-of-the-art methods, including YOLOv5, SSD, Faster R-CNN, and ResNet.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The proposed CHMMI approach addresses key limitations of traditional methods, offering a robust solution for automating CHM microscopic identification. Its high accuracy and effective feature processing capabilities underscore its potential to modernize and support the growth of the CHM industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1442968"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the fusion of improved YOLOv8 and depth camera for bunch tomato stem picking point recognition and localization.","authors":"Guozhu Song, Jian Wang, Rongting Ma, Yan Shi, Yaqi Wang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1447855","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1447855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When harvesting bunch tomatoes, accurately identifying certain fruiting stems proves challenging due to their obstruction by branches and leaves, or their similarity in colour to the branches, main vines, and lateral vines. Additionally, irregularities in the growth pattern of the fruiting pedicels further complicate precise picking point localization, thus impacting harvesting efficiency. Moreover, the fruit stalks being too short or slender poses an obstacle, rendering it impossible for the depth camera to accurately obtain depth information during depth value acquisition. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an enhanced YOLOv8 model integrated with a depth camera for string tomato fruit stalk picking point identification and localization research. Initially, the Fasternet bottleneck in YOLOv8 is replaced with the c2f bottleneck, and the MLCA attention mechanism is added after the backbone network to construct the FastMLCA-YOLOv8 model for fruit stalk recognition. Subsequently, the optimized K-means algorithm, utilizing K-means++ for clustering centre initialization and determining the optimal number of clusters via Silhouette coefficients, is employed to segment the fruit stalk region. Following this, the corrosion operation and Zhang refinement algorithm are used to denoise the segmented fruit stalk region and extract the refined skeletal line, thereby determining the coordinate position of the fruit stalk picking point in the binarized image. Finally, the issue of missing depth values of fruit stalks is addressed by the secondary extraction method to obtain the depth values and 3D coordinate information of the picking points in RGB-D camera coordinates. The experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm accurately identifies and locates the picking points of string tomatoes under complex background conditions, with the identification success rate of the picking points reaching 91.3%. Compared with the YOLOv8 model, the accuracy is improved by 2.8%, and the error of the depth value of the picking points is only ±2.5 mm. This research meets the needs of string tomato picking robots in fruit stalk target detection and provides strong support for the development of string tomato picking technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1447855"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking vegetation health: optimizing GEDI data for accurate chlorophyll content estimation.","authors":"Cuifen Xia, Wenwu Zhou, Qingtai Shu, Zaikun Wu, Mingxing Wang, Li Xu, Zhengdao Yang, Jinge Yu, Hanyue Song, Dandan Duan","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1492560","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1492560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chlorophyll content is a vital indicator for evaluating vegetation health and estimating productivity. This study addresses the issue of Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) data discreteness and explores its potential in estimating chlorophyll content. This study used the empirical Bayesian Kriging regression prediction (EBKRP) method to obtain the continuous distribution of GEDI spot parameters in an unknown space. Initially, 52 measured sample data were employed to screen the modeling parameters with the Pearson and RF methods. Next, the Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithm was applied to optimize the KNN regression model, RFR model, and Gradient Boosting Regression Tree (GBRT) model. These steps were taken to establish the most effective RS estimation model for chlorophyll content in <i>Dendrocalamus giganteus</i> (<i>D. giganteus</i>). The results showed that: (1) The <i>R</i> ² of the EBKRP method was 0.34~0.99, RMSE was 0.012~3,134.005, rRMSE was 0.011~0.854, and CRPS was 965.492~1,626.887. (2) The Pearson method selects five parameters (cover, pai, fhd_normal, rv, and rx_energy_a3) with a correlation greater than 0.37. The RF method opts for five parameters (cover, fhd_normal, sensitivity, rh100, and modis_nonvegetated) with a contribution threshold greater than 5.5%. (3) The BO-GBRT model in the RF method was used as the best estimation model (<i>R</i> ² = 0.86, RMSE = 0.219 g/m², rRMSE = 0.167 g/m², <i>p</i> = 84.13%) to estimate and map the chlorophyll content of <i>D. giganteus</i> in the study area. The distribution range is 0.20~2.50 g/m². The findings aligned with the distribution of <i>D. giganteus</i> in the experimental area, indicating the reliability of estimating forest biochemical parameters using GEDI data.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1492560"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability and adaptability of grain yield in quinoa genotypes in four locations of Iran.","authors":"Vahid Jokarfard, Babak Rabiei, Ebrahim Souri Laki, Andreas Börner","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1487106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1487106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genotype × environment interaction is one of the effective factors in identifying and introducing cultivars with stable grain yield in different environments. There are many statistical methods for estimating genotype × environment interaction, among which AMMI and GGE-biplot analyses provide better and more interpretable results. The objective of this study was to assess the genotype × environment interaction, as well as the adaptability and stability of 40 quinoa genotypes. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in eight environments (four locations of Iran and two years). The AMMI analysis of variance showed that the main effects of genotype and environment, as well as the interaction effect of genotype × environment were significant on grain yield. Separation of genotype × environment interaction based on the principal component method showed that the first six principal components were significant and accounted for 47.6%, 22.5%, 9%, 7%, 6% and 4.3% of the genotype × environment interaction variance, respectively. Based on the AMMI model, genotypes G16, G19, G35, G30, G39, G24, and G18 were identified as high-yielding and stable genotypes with high general adaptability. In contrast, genotypes G36, G27, G38, G9, G28, G29, G23, G34, G13, and G12 were the most unstable genotypes in the studied environments. In GGE-biplot analysis, two mega-environments were identified, and genotypes G16, G19, G25, and G17 were also identified as high-yielding and stable genotypes for these environments. Also, based on the biplot diagram of the ideal genotype, genotypes G16, G19, G17, and G35 were the nearest genotypes to the ideal genotype. In total, the results of various analyses showed that the three genotypes G16 and G19 were the superior genotypes of this experiment in terms of grain yield and stability. These genotypes can be introduced as high-yielding and stable genotypes to the climatic conditions of the studied areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1487106"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the aroma volatiles and the changes of expression of ester biosynthesis candidate genes during postharvest storage of European pear.","authors":"Xinxin Zhu, Xiaofei Xu, Fudong Jiang, Qingyu Li, Aidi Zhang, Jianzhao Li, Hongxia Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1498658","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1498658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the storage period after harvest, the presence of volatile esters is essential for European pear aroma. Nevertheless, the specific molecular process underlying the production of volatile esters in European pear remains elusive. In this research, head space solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were employed to examine the volatile compounds of two varieties of European pear. The results revealed the identification of a collective of 149 volatile compounds, which were categorized into 8 groups: esters (37), alcohols (25), alkanes (24), aldehydes (22), terpenes (15), acids (8), ketones (6) and other categories (12). Notably, there were 79 volatile compounds that coexisted in both varieties, which esters are the primary group of volatile compounds found in both varieties. Through transcriptome analysis, we identified 12 candidate genes associated with ester biosynthesis and established their correlation with firmness, ethylene production, and predominant volatile esters. The results from gene expression analysis revealed significant up-regulation of <i>PcFAD2</i> and <i>PcLIP2</i> in both varieties and <i>PcFAD6</i> exhibits low expression levels. The results indicate that the involvement of these three genes in the synthesis of esters in European pear may have a significant level of importance. This study enhances our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the formation of European pear flavor.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1498658"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing sugarcane's drought resilience: the influence of Streptomycetales and Rhizobiales.","authors":"Mianhe Chen, Yuanjun Xing, Chunyi Chen, Ziting Wang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1471044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1471044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought stress is a critical environmental factor affecting sugarcane yield, and the adaptability of the sugarcane rhizosphere bacterial community is essential for drought tolerance. This review examines the adaptive responses of sugarcane rhizosphere bacterial communities to water stress and explores their significant role in enhancing sugarcane drought tolerance. Under drought conditions, the sugarcane rhizosphere bacterial community undergoes structural and functional shifts, particularly the enrichment of beneficial bacteria, including Streptomycetales and Rhizobiales. These bacteria enhance sugarcane resilience to drought through various means, including nutrient acquisition and phytohormone synthesis. Furthermore, changes in the rhizosphere bacterial community were closely associated with the composition and levels of soil metabolites, which significantly influenced the physiological and biochemical processes of sugarcane during drought stress. This study deepens our understanding of rhizosphere bacterial communities and their interactions with sugarcane, laying a scientific foundation for developing drought-resistant sugarcane varieties, optimizing agricultural practices, and opening new avenues for agricultural applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1471044"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dataset of shallow soil moisture for alfalfa in the Ningxia irrigation area of the Yellow River.","authors":"Yongqi Ge, Jing Wang, Rui Liu, Lifeng Lu, Songtao Yang, Daotong Tang, Ang Li, Zixin Zhu","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1472930","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1472930","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1472930"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11634607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AgoArmet and AgoC002: key effector proteins in cotton aphids host adaptation.","authors":"Hui Xue, Mengjie Yan, Xiangzhen Zhu, Li Wang, Lizhen Chen, Junyu Luo, Jinjie Cui, Xueke Gao","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1500834","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1500834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aphids are insects that feed on phloem and introduce effector proteins into plant cells through saliva. These effector proteins are key in regulating host plant defense and enhancing aphid host adaptation. We identified these salivary proteins in the cotton aphids genome and named them AgoArmet and AgoC002. Multiple sequence alignment, protein structure analysis, and phylogenetic analysis of these proteins with related proteins from other insects showed that AgoArmet and Armet of <i>Aphis craccivora</i> have high sequence identity (97%) and belong to the same evolutionary branch and that AgoC002 shares the highest sequence identity (80%) and closest evolutionary relationship with C002 of <i>Aphis glyceins</i>. Expression profiling of AgoArmet and AgoC002 showed that they were most highly expressed in cotton aphids during the adult-3d period. Cotton aphids transferred to zucchini leaves resulted in a significant increase in the expression of <i>AgoArmet</i> and <i>AgoC002</i> within 48h. To investigate the functions of <i>AgoArmet</i> and <i>AgoC002</i>, we decreased the expression of these genes in cotton using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), which ultimately led to a 38% and 26% decrease in cotton aphids fecundity, respectively. Moreover, the reduction in <i>AgoC002</i> expression resulted in a significant (24%) reduction in body weight. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that AgoArmet and AgoC002 are key effector proteins involved in cotton aphids feeding and host adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1500834"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11634620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testcross performance and combining ability of intermediate maturing drought tolerant maize inbred lines in Sub-Saharan Africa.","authors":"Kulai Amadu Manigben, Yoseph Beyene, Vijay Chaikam, Pangirayi B Tongoona, Eric Y Danquah, Beatrice E Ifie, Isaiah Aleri, Andrew Chavangi, Boddupalli M Prasanna, Manje Gowda","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1471041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1471041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought is a major constraint on maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) production and productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The increase in frequency and severity of drought, driven by climate change, is expected to worsen in the future. These occurrences are likely to adversely affect maize production and productivity, threatening the economic and social stability of millions of smallholder farmers. Understanding the genetics of hybrid performance under drought stress is crucial for designing breeding strategies to develop high-yielding hybrids. This study aimed to (i) evaluate the performance of three-way cross hybrids developed from elite inbred lines, including several drought-tolerant lines, using a line-by-tester mating design, and (ii) estimate the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects of the tropical maize inbred lines under managed drought and optimum conditions. A total of 265 maize inbred lines from the CIMMYT global maize breeding program were used as parents and crossed to six single cross testers to generate 795 testcross hybrids. These hybrids, along with six commercial hybrids as a check, were evaluated under managed drought and optimum conditions. Significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001) variations were observed among genotypes and genotypes-by-environment interactions (GEIs) for grain yield and other traits. There was a preponderance of GCA variance (lines and tester) over SCA variance, indicating that additive effects were more important in determining grain yield and other key traits under both managed drought and optimum conditions. Ten inbred lines (S2_8, S10_1, S6_4, S10_14, S2_14, S10_15, S8_7, S2_3, S8_15, and S13_5) with desirable GCA effects for grain yield and other traits were identified. Fourteen testcross hybrids were identified with high grain yield and desirable agronomic traits under both drought and optimum conditions. The identified lines and hybrids are useful sources to be used in breeding and deploying as stress-tolerant hybrids. High correlations observed between observed and GCA-predicted hybrid performance suggest the possibility to evaluate more hybrids with fixed resources. The study demonstrates that it is feasible to obtain high-yielding and drought-tolerant lines and hybrids. These testcross hybrids should undergo rigorous on-farm trials to ensure consistent performance before commercialization and release. Deploying these hybrids could help in mitigating the effects of drought stress in SSA and contribute to improved maize productivity in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1471041"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>CsWAK12</i>, a novel cell wall-associated receptor kinase gene from <i>Camellia sinensis</i>, promotes growth but reduces cold tolerance in <i>Arabidopsis</i>.","authors":"Qiong Wu, Xiaoyu Jiao, Dandan Liu, Minghui Sun, Wei Tong, Xu Ruan, Leigang Wang, Yong Ding, Zhengzhu Zhang, Wenjie Wang, Enhua Xia","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1420431","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1420431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cold significantly impacts the growth and development of tea plants, thereby affecting their economic value. Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) are thought to play a pivotal role in signaling the plant's response to cold and regulating cold tolerance. Among the RLK subfamilies, wall-associated receptor-like kinases (WAKs) have been investigated across various plant species and have been shown to regulate cell growth and stress responses. However, the function of WAK genes in response to cold stress in tea has yet to be studied. In a previous investigation, we identified the <i>WAK</i> gene family from Camellia sinensis and isolated a specific <i>WAK</i> gene, <i>CsWAK12</i>, which is induced by abiotic stresses. Here, we demonstrate that CsWAK12 is involved in the regulation of cold tolerance in tea plants. CsWAK12 was rapidly induced by cold, peaking at 3 hours after treatment at 4°C (10-fold increase). Heterologous overexpression of <i>CsWAK12</i> (35S:<i>CsWAK12</i>) in <i>Arabidopsis</i> promoted plant growth by enhancing root length and seed size under normal conditions, although it reduced cold resistance compared to the wild type. Under cold stress, the transgenic plants exhibited a lower survival rate and significantly altered levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared to the wild type (WT). Furthermore, the expression of C-repeat/dehydration-responsive element binding factor (CBF) genes was diminished in CsWAK12-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants following cold treatment. Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes associated with the CBF pathway, such as transcription factor genes (ERF53, ERF54, and DREB2A) were markedly reduced in the overexpression line. These data suggest that CsWAK12 acts as a negative regulator, reducing the cold tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis by mediating the CBF pathway. Therefore, CsWAK12 may serve as a candidate gene for the molecular breeding of cold resistance in tea plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1420431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11634587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}