Frontiers in Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing drought resistance in <i>Pinus tabuliformis</i> seedlings through root symbiotic fungi inoculation.","authors":"Lingjie Xu, Jiadong He, Yu Meng, Yanyan Zheng, Bin Lu, Jiawen Zhang, Yong Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1446437","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1446437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drought constitutes a major abiotic stress factor adversely affecting plant growth and productivity. Plant-microbe symbiotic associations have evolved regulatory mechanisms to adapt to environmental stress conditions. However, the interactive effects of different fungi on host growth and stress tolerance under drought conditions remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study explored the effects of varying polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) concentrations (0%, 15%, 25%, and 35%) on the growth and physiological responses of two ectomycorrhizal fungi (<i>Suillus granulatus</i> (Sg) and <i>Pisolithus tinctorius</i> (Pt)) and two dark septate endophytes (<i>Pleotrichocladium opacum</i> (Po) and <i>Pseudopyrenochaeta</i> sp. (Ps)) isolated from the root system of <i>Pinus tabuliformis</i>. Specifically, the study aimed to evaluate six inoculation treatments, including no inoculation (CK), single inoculations with Sg, Pt, Po, Ps, and a mixed inoculation (Sg: Pt : Po: Ps = 1:1:1:1), on the growth and physiological characteristics of <i>P. tabuliformis</i> seedlings under different water regimes: well-watered at 70% ± 5%, light drought at 50% ± 5%, and severe drought at 30% ± 5% of the maximum field water holding capacity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All four fungi exhibited the capacity to cope with drought stress by enhancing antioxidant activities and regulating osmotic balance. Upon successful root colonization, they increased plant height, shoot biomass, root biomass, total biomass, and mycorrhizal growth response in <i>P. tabuliformis</i> seedlings. Under drought stress conditions, fungal inoculation improved seedling drought resistance by increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, free proline and soluble protein contents, and promoting nitrogen and phosphorus uptake. Notably, mixed inoculation treatments significantly enhanced antioxidant capacity, osmotic adjustment, and nutrient acquisition abilities, leading to superior growth promotion effects under drought stress compared to single inoculation treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All four fungi tolerated PEG-induced drought stress, with increased antioxidant enzyme activities and osmotic adjustment substances and they promoted the growth and enhanced drought resistance of <i>P. tabuliformis</i> seedlings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant competition cues activate a singlet oxygen signaling pathway in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>.","authors":"Nicole Berardi, Sasan Amirsadeghi, Clarence J Swanton","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.964476","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.964476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxidative stress responses of <i>Arabidopsis</i> to reflected low red to far-red signals (R:FR ≈ 0.3) generated by neighboring weeds or an artificial source of FR light were compared with a weed-free control (R:FR ≈1.6). In the low R:FR treatments, induction of the shade avoidance responses (SAR) coincided with increased leaf production of singlet oxygen (¹O₂). This ¹O₂ increase was not due to protochlorophyllide accumulation and did not cause cell death. Chemical treatments, however, with 5-aminolevulinic acid (the precursor of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis) and glutathione (a quinone A reductant) enhanced cell death and growth inhibition. RNA sequencing revealed that transcriptome responses to the reflected low R:FR light treatments minimally resembled previously known <i>Arabidopsis</i> ¹O₂ generating systems that rapidly generate ¹O₂ following a dark to light transfer. The upregulation of only a few early ¹O₂ responsive genes (6 out of 1931) in the reflected low R:FR treatments suggested specificity of the ¹O₂ signaling. Moreover, increased expression of two enzyme genes, the <i>SULFOTRANSFERASE ST2A</i> (<i>ST2a</i>) and the early ¹O₂-responsive <i>IAA-LEUCINE RESISTANCE (ILR)-LIKE6</i> (<i>ILL6</i>), which negatively regulate jasmonate level, suggested that repression of bioactive JAs may promote the shade avoidance (versus defense) and ¹O₂ acclimation (versus cell death) responses to neighboring weeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining proximal and remote sensing to assess 'Calatina' olive water status.","authors":"Alessandro Carella, Roberto Massenti, Francesco Paolo Marra, Pietro Catania, Eliseo Roma, Riccardo Lo Bianco","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1448656","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1448656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developing an efficient and sustainable precision irrigation strategy is crucial in contemporary agriculture. This study aimed to combine proximal and remote sensing techniques to show the benefits of using both monitoring methods, simultaneously assessing the water status and response of 'Calatina' olive under two distinct irrigation levels: full irrigation (FI), and drought stress (DS, -3 to -4 MPa). Stem water potential (Ψ_stem) and stomatal conductance (g_s) were monitored weekly as reference indicators of plant water status. Crop water stress index (CWSI) and stomatal conductance index (Ig) were calculated through ground-based infrared thermography. Fruit gauges were used to monitor continuously fruit growth and data were converted in fruit daily weight fluctuations (ΔW) and relative growth rate (RGR). Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference RedEdge index (NDRE), green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI), chlorophyll vegetation index (CVI), modified soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI), water index (WI), normalized difference greenness index (NDGI) and green index (GI) were calculated from data collected by UAV-mounted multispectral camera. Data obtained from proximal sensing were correlated with both Ψ_stem and g_s, while remote sensing data were correlated only with Ψ_stem. Regression analysis showed that both CWSI and Ig proved to be reliable indicators of Ψ_stem and g_s. Of the two fruit growth parameters, ΔW exhibited a stronger relationship, primarily with Ψ_stem. Finally, NDVI, GNDVI, WI and NDRE emerged as the vegetation indices that correlated most strongly with Ψ_stem, achieving high R² values. Combining proximal and remote sensing indices suggested two valid approaches: a more simplified one involving the use of CWSI and either NDVI or WI, and a more comprehensive one involving CWSI and ΔW as proximal indices, along with WI as a multispectral index. Further studies on combining proximal and remote sensing data will be necessary in order to find strategic combinations of sensors and establish intervention thresholds.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic dissection of value-added quality traits and agronomic parameters through genome-wide association mapping in bread wheat (<i>T. aestivum</i> L.).","authors":"Manish K Vishwakarma, Pradeep K Bhati, Uttam Kumar, Ravi P Singh, Sundeep Kumar, Velu Govindan, Gurvinder Singh Mavi, Karthikeyan Thiyagarajan, Narain Dhar, Arun K Joshi","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1419227","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1419227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bread wheat (<i>T. aestivum)</i> is one of the world's most widely consumed cereals. Since micronutrient deficiencies are becoming more common among people who primarily depend upon cereal-based diets, a need for better-quality wheat varieties has been felt. An association panel of 154 <i>T. aestivum</i> lines was evaluated for the following quality traits: grain appearance (GA) score, grain hardness (GH), phenol reaction (PR) score, protein percent, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sedimentation value, and test weight (TWt). In addition, the panel was also phenotyped for grain yield and related traits such as days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, and thousand kernel weight for the year 2017-18 at the Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA) Ludhiana and Jabalpur sites. We performed a genome-wide association analysis on this panel using 18,351 genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) markers to find marker-trait associations for quality and grain yield-related traits. We detected 55 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker trait associations (MTAs) for quality-related traits on chromosomes 7B (10), 1A (9), 2A (8), 3B (6), 2B (5), 7A (4), and 1B (3), with 3A, 4A, and 6D, having two and the rest, 4B, 5A, 5B, and 1D, having one each. Additionally, 20 SNP MTAs were detected for yield-related traits based on a field experiment conducted in Ludhiana on 7D (4) and 4D (3) chromosomes, while 44 SNP MTAs were reported for Jabalpur on chromosomes 2D (6), 7A (5), 2A (4), and 4A (4). Utilizing these loci in marker-assisted selection will benefit from further validation studies for these loci to improve hexaploid wheat for better yield and grain quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative and phylogenetic analyses of plastid genomes of the medicinally important genus <i>Alisma</i> (Alismataceae).","authors":"Zhi-Qiong Lan, Wen Zheng, Alicia Talavera, Ze-Long Nie, Jing Liu, Gabriel Johnson, Xian-Mei Yin, Wen-Qi Zhao, Zong-Yi Zhao, Sara M Handy, Jun Wen","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1415253","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1415253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Alisma</i> L. is a medicinally important genus of aquatic and wetland plants consisting of c. 10 recognized species. However, largely due to polyploidy and limited taxon and gene sampling, the phylogenomic relationships of <i>Alisma</i> remain challenging. In this study, we sequenced 34 accessions of Alismataceae, including eight of the ten species of <i>Alisma</i>, one species of <i>Echinodorus</i> and one species of <i>Luronium</i>, to perform comparative analyses of plastid genomes and phylogenetic analyses. Comparative analysis of plastid genomes revealed high sequence similarity among species within the genus. Our study analyzed structural changes and variations in the plastomes of <i>Alisma</i>, including IR expansion or contraction, and gene duplication or loss. Phylogenetic results suggest that <i>Alisma</i> is monophyletic, and constitutes four groups: (1) <i>A. lanceolatum</i> and <i>A. canaliculatum</i>; (2) the North American clade of <i>A. subcordatum</i> and <i>A. triviale</i>; (3) <i>A. wahlenbergii</i> and <i>A. gramineum</i>; and (4) <i>A. plantago-aquatica</i> from Eurasia and northern Africa with the eastern Asian <i>A. orientale</i> nested within it. Hence the results challenge the recognition of <i>A. orientale</i> as a distinct species and raise the possibility of treating it as a synonym of the widespread <i>A. plantago-aquatica</i>. The well-known <i>Alismatis Rhizoma</i> (Zexie) in Chinese medicine was likely derived from the morphologically variable <i>Alisma plantago-aquatica</i> throughout its long history of cultivation in Asia. The plastome phylogenetic results also support the tetraploid <i>A. lanceolatum</i> as the likely maternal parent of the hexaploid eastern Asian <i>A. canaliculatum</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11372848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allocation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the leaves, stems, and roots of <i>Artemisia</i>: a case study in phylogenetic control.","authors":"Dechun Jiang, Haiyang Gong, Karl J Niklas, Zhiqiang Wang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1445831","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1445831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The allocation of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) among plant organs is an important strategy affecting growth and development as well as ecological processes in terrestrial ecosystems. However, due to lack of systematic investigation data, the allocation strategies of N and P in the three primary plant organs (e.g., leaves, stems and roots) are still unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 912 individuals of 62 <i>Artemisia</i> species were examined across a broad environmental expanse in China, and the N and P concentrations of leaves, stems and roots were measured to explore the allocation strategies in different subgenera, ecosystem types, and local sites.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Across all 62 species, the N vs. P scaling exponents for leaves, stems and roots were 0.67, 0.59 and 0.67, respectively. However, these numerical values differed among subgenera, ecosystem types, and local sites. Overall, the numerical values of N vs. P scaling exponents comply with a 2/3-power function for each <i>Artemisia</i> organ-type reflecting a phylogenetically conserved allocation strategy that has nevertheless diversified with respect to local environmental conditions. These results inform our understanding of N and P stoichiometric patterns and responses to abiotic factors in an ecologically broadly distributed angiosperm genus.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lentil adaptation to drought stress: response, tolerance, and breeding approaches.","authors":"Md Mahmud Al Noor, Md Tahjib-Ul-Arif, S M Abdul Alim, Md Mohimenul Islam, Md Toufiq Hasan, Md Ali Babar, Mohammad Anwar Hossain, Zilhas Ahmed Jewel, Yoshiyuki Murata, Mohammad Golam Mostofa","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1403922","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1403922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lentil <i>(Lens culinaris</i> Medik.) is a cool season legume crop that plays vital roles in food and nutritional security, mostly in the least developed countries. Lentil is often cultivated in dry and semi-dry regions, where the primary abiotic factor is drought, which negatively impacts lentil growth and development, resulting in a reduction of yield. To withstand drought-induced multiple negative effects, lentil plants evolved a variety of adaptation strategies that can be classified within three broad categories of drought tolerance mechanisms (i.e., escape, avoidance, and tolerance). Lentil adapts to drought by the modulation of various traits in the root system, leaf architecture, canopy structure, branching, anatomical features, and flowering process. Furthermore, the activation of certain defensive biochemical pathways as well as the regulation of gene functions contributes to lentil drought tolerance. Plant breeders typically employ conventional and mutational breeding approaches to develop lentil varieties that can withstand drought effects; however, little progress has been made in developing drought-tolerant lentil varieties using genomics-assisted technologies. This review highlights the current understanding of morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of lentil adaptation to drought stress. We also discuss the potential application of omics-assisted breeding approaches to develop lentil varieties with superior drought tolerance traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcium lignosulfonate-induced modification of soil chemical properties improves physiological traits and grain quality of maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) under salinity stress.","authors":"Yousef Alhaj Hamoud, Hiba Shaghaleh, Ke Zhang, Mohammad K Okla, Ibrahim A Alaraidh, Hamada AbdElgawad, Mohamed S Sheteiwy","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1397552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1397552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Salinity negatively affects maize productivity. However, calcium lignosulfonate (CLS) could improve soil properties and maize productivity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we evaluated the effects of CLS application on soil chemical properties, plant physiology and grain quality of maize under salinity stress. Thus, this experiment was conducted using three CLS application rates, CLS₀, CLS₅, and CLS₁₀, corresponding to 0%, 5%, and 10% of soil mass, for three irrigation water salinity (WS) levels WS_0.5, WS_2.5, and WS_5.5 corresponding to 0.5 and 2.5 and 5.5 dS/m, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Results show that the WS_0.5 × CLS₁₀ combination increased potassium (K 0.167 g/kg), and calcium (Ca, 0.39 g/kg) values while reducing the sodium (Na, 0.23 g/kg) content in soil. However, the treatment WS_5.5 × CLS₀ decreased K (0.120 g/kg), and Ca (0.15 g/kg) values while increasing Na (0.75 g/kg) content in soil. The root activity was larger in WS_0.5 × CLS₁₀ than in WS_5.5 × CLS₀, as the former combination enlarged K and Ca contents in the root while the latter decreased their values. The leaf glutamine synthetase (953.9 µmol/(g.h)) and nitrate reductase (40.39 µg/(g.h)) were higher in WS_0.5 × CLS₁₀ than in WS_5.5 × CLS₀ at 573.4 µmol/(g.h) and 20.76 µg/(g.h), leading to the improvement in cell progression cycle, as revealed by lower malonaldehyde level (6.57 µmol/g). The K and Ca contents in the leaf (881, 278 mg/plant), stem (1314, 731 mg/plant), and grains (1330, 1117 mg/plant) were greater in WS_0.5 × CLS₁₀ than in WS_5.5 × CLS₀ at (146, 21 mg/plant), (201, 159 mg/plant) and (206, 157 mg/plant), respectively. Therefore, the maize was more resistance to salt stress under the CLS₁₀ level, as a 7.34% decline in yield was noticed when salinity surpassed the threshold value (5.96 dS/m). The protein (13.6 %) and starch (89.2 %) contents were greater in WS_0.5 × CLS₁₀ than in WS_5.5 × CLS₀ (6.1 %) and (67.0 %), respectively. This study reveals that CLS addition can alleviate the adverse impacts of salinity on soil quality and maize productivity. Thus, CLS application could be used as an effective soil amendment when irrigating with saline water for sustainable maize production.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11377938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Piriformospora indica</i> alleviates soda saline-alkaline stress in <i>Glycine max</i> by modulating plant metabolism.","authors":"Siyu Zhu, Feng Shi, Honghe Li, Yiwen Ding, Wei Chang, Yuan Ping, Fuqiang Song","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1406542","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1406542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil salinization is one of the major factors limiting agricultural production. Utilizing beneficial microorganisms like <i>Piriformospora indica</i> (<i>P. indica</i>) to enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses is a highly effective method, but the influence of <i>P. indica</i> on the growth of soybean in natural saline-alkaline soil remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of non-inoculation, <i>P. indica</i> inoculation, and fertilization on the growth, antioxidant defense, osmotic adjustment, and photosynthetic gas exchange parameters of soybean under two different levels of saline-alkaline stress in non-sterilized natural saline-alkaline soil. The study found that: 1) <i>P. indica</i> inoculation significantly promoted soybean growth, increasing plant height, root length, and biomass. Under mildly saline-alkaline stress, the increases were 11.5%, 16.0%, and 14.8%, respectively, compared to non-inoculated treatment. Under higher stress, <i>P. indica</i> inoculation achieved the same level of biomass increase as fertilization, while fertilization only significantly improved stem diameter. 2) Under saline-alkaline stress, <i>P. indica</i> inoculation significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Under mildly stress, MDA content was reduced by 47.1% and 43.3% compared to non-inoculated and fertilized treatments, respectively. Under moderate stress, the MDA content in the inoculated group was reduced by 29.9% and 36.6% compared to non-inoculated and fertilized treatments, respectively. Fertilization only had a positive effect on peroxidase (POD) activity. 3) <i>P. indica</i> inoculation induced plants to produce more osmotic adjustment substances. Under mildly stress, proline, soluble sugars, and soluble proteins were increased by 345.7%, 104.4%, and 6.9%, respectively, compared to non-inoculated treatment. Under higher stress, the increases were 75.4%, 179.7%, and 12.6%, respectively. Fertilization had no significant positive effect on proline content. 4) With increasing stress, soybean photosynthetic capacity in the <i>P. indica</i>-inoculated treatment was significantly higher than in the non-inoculated treatment, with net photosynthetic rate increased by 14.8% and 37.0% under different stress levels. These results indicate that <i>P. indica</i> can enhance soybean's adaptive ability to saline-alkaline stress by regulating ROS scavenging capacity, osmotic adjustment substance content, and photosynthetic capacity, thereby promoting plant growth. This suggests that <i>P. indica</i> has great potential in improving soybean productivity in natural saline-alkaline soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated method for phenotypic analysis of wheat based on multi-view image sequences: from seedling to grain filling stages.","authors":"Shengxuan Sun, Yeping Zhu, Shengping Liu, Yongkuai Chen, Yihan Zhang, Shijuan Li","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1459968","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1459968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wheat exhibits complex characteristics during its growth, such as extensive tillering, slender and soft leaves, and severe organ cross-obscuration, posing a considerable challenge in full-cycle phenotypic monitoring. To address this, this study presents a synthesized method based on SFM-MVS (Structure-from-Motion, Multi-View Stereo) processing for handling and segmenting wheat point clouds, covering the entire growth cycle from seedling to grain filling stages. First, a multi-view image acquisition platform was constructed to capture image sequences of wheat plants, and dense point clouds were generated using SFM-MVS technology. High-quality dense point clouds were produced by implementing improved Euclidean clustering combined with centroids, color filtering, and statistical filtering methods. Subsequently, the segmentation of wheat plant stems and leaves was performed using the region growth segmentation algorithm. Although segmentation performance was suboptimal during the tillering, jointing, and booting stages due to the glut leaves and severe overlap, there was a salient improvement in wheat leaf segmentation efficiency over the entire growth cycle. Finally, phenotypic parameters were analyzed across different growth stages, comparing automated measurements of plant height, leaf length, and leaf width with actual measurements. The results demonstrated coefficients of determination ( <math> <mrow><msup><mi>R</mi> <mn>2</mn></msup> </mrow> </math> ) of 0.9979, 0.9977, and 0.995; root mean square errors (RMSE) of 1.0773 cm, 0.2612 cm, and 0.0335 cm; and relative root mean square errors (RRMSE) of 2.1858%, 1.7483%, and 2.8462%, respectively. These results validate the reliability and accuracy of our proposed workflow in processing wheat point clouds and automatically extracting plant height, leaf length, and leaf width, indicating that our 3D reconstructed wheat model achieves high precision and can quickly, accurately, and non-destructively extract phenotypic parameters. Additionally, plant height, convex hull volume, plant surface area, and Crown area were extracted, providing a detailed analysis of dynamic changes in wheat throughout its growth cycle. ANOVA was conducted across different cultivars, accurately revealing significant differences at various growth stages. This study proposes a convenient, rapid, and quantitative analysis method, offering crucial technical support for wheat plant phenotypic analysis and growth dynamics monitoring, applicable for precise full-cycle phenotypic monitoring of wheat.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}