Frontiers in Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"CRISPR mutant rapid identification in <i>B. napus</i>: RNA-Seq functional profiling and breeding technology application.","authors":"Rui Geng, Xiang Fan, Rehman Sarwar, Yong Wang, Ke Dong, Xiao-Li Tan","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1572020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1572020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Traditional rapeseed breeding is inefficient and imprecise. CRISPR genome editing offers a precise alternative for trait improvement. Here, we edited the <i>Bnaida</i> gene in elite rapeseed cultivar ZS11 to study its role in floral organ abcission and enable rapid trait transfer to elite lines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The <i>BnaIDA</i> gene was CRISPR-edited in ZS11. Phenotypes (petal adhesion time, cracking force of siliques) were statistically analyzed. And analyze the mutants using RNA -Seq. Edited alleles were introgressed into elite line SW1-6 via backcrossing. Locus-specific primers enabled efficient genotyping to distinguish hetero- and homozygous plants during selection.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>In this study, The <i>Bnaida</i> mutant by gene editing in the cv ZS11, which is widely used in rapeseed breeding. The phenotypic analysis showed that the petal was attached to the pod and pods were harder to crack in edited plants, and then we quickly introduced two <i>Bnaida</i> loci into the elite line of SW1-6 by backcrossing with edited ZS11 as the donor plant. Locus-specific primer combinations were designed to differentiate heterozygous and homozygous genotypes in backcrossing generations, enabling efficient and rapid selection. This study highlights the integration of gene editing and genotyping selection, offering insights into the future of gene editing-assisted breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1572020"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of novel candidate genes for regulating oil composition in soybean seeds under environmental stresses.","authors":"Patrick Bewick, Peter Forstner, Bo Zhang, Eva Collakova","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1572319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1572319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A key objective of soybean breeding programs is to enhance nutritional quality for human and animal consumption, with improved fatty acid (FA) composition for health benefits, and expand soybean use for industrial applications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a metabolite genome-wide association study (mGWAS) to identify genomic regions associated with changes in FA composition and FA ratios in soybean seeds influenced by environmental factors. This mGWAS utilized 218 soybean plant introductions (PIs) grown in two field locations in Virginia over two years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mGWAS revealed that 20 SNPs were significantly associated with 21 FA ratios, while additional suggestive SNPs were found for 36 FA ratios, highlighting potential quantitative trait loci linked to FA composition.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Many of these SNPs are located near or within the genes related to phytohormone-mediated biotic and abiotic stress responses, suggesting the involvement of environmental factors in modulating FA composition in soybean seeds. Our findings provide novel insights into the genetic and environmental factors influencing FA composition in oilseeds. This research also lays the foundation for developing stable markers to develop soybean cultivars with tailored FA profiles for different practical applications under variable growth conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1572319"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient recycling and utilization of <i>Torreya grandis</i> 'Merrillii' along an age gradient.","authors":"Aifei Fan, Songheng Jin, Yangzhou Tan, Weiwei Huan, Wenjing Chen, Xiaoyu Wang, Yini Han","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1566140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1566140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The intrinsic relationships among plants, litter, and soil nutrient characteristics, along with the responses of ecological stoichiometry to nutrient utilization, are critical for understanding the mechanisms of nutrient cycling. However, limited research in this area has constrained our comprehension of nutrient dynamics within ecosystems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To investigate the stoichiometric characteristics and nutrient resorption traits of Torreya grandis plantations across various stand ages, as well as their adaptive strategies and nutrient utilization mechanisms under local growth conditions, we conducted a study in the <i>T. grandis</i> Forest Park. This study examined five stand age groups: young (20 years), near-mature (50 years), mature (80 years), over-mature (100 years), and thousand (1,000 years). We measured the nutrient contents of soil, fresh leaves, and litterfall, and analyzed their stoichiometric relationships and nutrient resorption characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1.The growth of <i>T. grandis</i> plantations was primarily limited by nitrogen (N) during the early stages, transitioning to phosphorus (P) limitation with increasing stand age, particularly in the over-mature stage. High C:N and C:P ratios in leaves indicated low N and P use efficiency. 2.Leaf nutrient concentrations remained relatively stable across different stand ages, whereas nutrient concentrations in litterfall gradually declined, indicating an increase in nutrient cycling efficiency. Meanwhile, soil nutrient accumulation showed a gradual increase with stand development. <i>T. grandis</i> exhibited distinct nutrient resorption strategies at different stand ages: phosphorus resorption efficiency (PRE) was higher in young stands, whereas nitrogen resorption efficiency (NRE) significantly increased in mature and over-mature stands. Furthermore, this nutrient allocation mechanism influenced the nutritional content of <i>T. grandis</i> seeds, highlighting the significant impact of stand age on seed quality. 3.The nutrient characteristics of <i>T. grandis</i> plantations are influenced by both stand age and soil nutrient availability.Management practices should prioritize the supplementation of soil nutrients, particularly P, and the enhancement of nutrient cycling efficiency.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study offers a scientific foundation for the sustainable management and production of <i>T. grandis</i> plantations in the region, highlighting the importance of targeted soil nutrient management to improve ecosystem productivity and sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1566140"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of <i>Thalictrum squarrosum</i> as an alternate host for <i>Puccinia triticina</i> and pathogen analysis of <i>Thalictrum squarrosum</i> rust.","authors":"Na Zhao, Liang Huang, Jun Ren, Mengya Zhang, Ting Yi, Hongfu Li, Hao Zhang, Bo Liu, Li Gao, Hongfei Yan, Wanquan Chen, Taiguo Liu","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1566298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1566298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Puccinia triticina</i> (<i>Pt</i>) is a heteroecious fungus needing two different plants as primary and alternate hosts throughout its life cycle. <i>Thalictrum</i> spp. were first identified as alternate hosts of <i>Pt</i> in 1921, and over 100 species have been identified. However, within China, only <i>T. petaloideum</i> L., <i>T. minus</i> L., <i>T. minus</i> var. <i>hypoleucum</i> and <i>T. baicalense</i> have been reported as alternate hosts of <i>Pt</i>. During the six-year (2015-2018, 2023-2024) field surveys in Zhangbei County (41.26°N, 115.14°E), Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, our research team found rust disease on <i>T. squarrosum</i>. This persistent infection phenomenon aroused our interest in investigating the role of <i>T. squarrosum</i> in the sexual reproduction of <i>pt</i>. To clarify whether <i>T. squarrosum</i> can serve as an alternate host for <i>Pt</i> and to analyze the source of the pathogen, this study used artificial inoculation experiments and molecular identification techniques. The results of the artificial inoculation experiments showed that the basidiospores of <i>Pt</i> could infect <i>T. squarrosum</i>, and produce pycnia on the adaxial surface of the leaf. Subsequently, aecia were produced on the abaxial side of the leaf after artificial fertilization, and the mature aecia produced aeciospores. The aeciospores were then inoculated into susceptible wheat varieties and the wheat showed typical symptoms of wheat leaf rust. These results confirmed that <i>T. squarrosum</i> could serve as an alternate host for <i>Pt</i>. For molecular identification, 20 single-aecium samples of <i>T. squarrosum</i> were selected. Based on sequence alignment of their ITS regions and phylogenetic analysis, it was shown that rust on <i>T. squarrosum</i> could be caused by infection of <i>Pt</i> from wheat or the species complex of <i>P. recondita</i>. Our study provides new insights into the sexual cycle of <i>Pt</i> in China and provides a scientific basis for studying the evolution of <i>Pt</i> virulence and optimizing control methods for wheat leaf rust.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1566298"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12043647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering the genomic basis of phenological traits in <i>Chouardia litardierei</i> (Asparagaceae) through a genome-wide association study (GWAS).","authors":"Sara Laura Šarančić, Nikolina Pleić, Krešimir Križanović, Boštjan Surina, Damjan Mitić, Ivan Radosavljević","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1571608","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1571608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Chouardia litardierei</i> (Asparagaceae) is a non-model, perennial species characterized by exceptional ecological plasticity. In this research, we studied the genetic architecture underlying several phenological traits in selected ecologically diverged populations of this species. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genomic regions linked to the following populations-specific phenological traits: Beginning of Sprouting (BOS), Beginning of Flowering (BOF), Flowering Period Duration (FPD), and Vegetation Period Duration (VPD). Combining phenological data from a common garden experiment with an SNP dataset obtained through the ddRAD-seq approach, we identified numerous loci associated with these traits using single- and multi-locus GWAS models. Narrow-sense heritability estimates were high for all traits, with the VPD trait showing the highest estimate (86.95%), emphasizing its importance for local adaptation. Functional annotation of associated genomic regions revealed key protein families involved in flowering time regulation, vegetative growth timing, and stress adaptation. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of local adaptation in <i>C. litardierei</i>'s populations from different habitats, emphasizing the role of genetic factors in phenological trait variation and ecological divergence across populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1571608"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The roles of movement and coat proteins in the transport of tobamoviruses between plant cells.","authors":"Yumin Kan, Vitaly Citovsky","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1580554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1580554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Tobamovirus</i> is a large group of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that cause diseases in a broad range of plant species, including many agronomically important crops. The number of known <i>Tobamovirus</i> species has been on the rise in recent years, and currently, this genus includes 47 viruses. Tobamoviruses are transmitted mainly by mechanical contact, such as physical touching by hands or agricultural tools; and some are also transmitted on seeds, or through pollinator insects. The tobamoviral genome encodes proteins that have evolved to fulfill the main conceptual task of the viral infection cycle - the spread of the invading virus throughout the host plant cells, tissues, and organs. Here, we discuss this aspect of the infection cycle of tobamoviruses, focusing on the advances in our understanding of the local, i.e., cell-to-cell, and systemic, i.e., organ-to-organ, virus movement, and the viral and host plant determinants of these processes. Specifically, we spotlight two viral proteins-the movement protein (MP) and the coat protein (CP), which are directly involved in the local and systemic spread of tobamoviruses-with respect to their phylogeny, activities during viral movement, and interactions with the host determinants of the movement process.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1580554"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing wheat quality through color sorting: a novel approach for classifying kernels based on vitreousness.","authors":"Jin-Kyung Cha, Hyeonjin Park, Youngho Kwon, So-Myeong Lee, Jeonghyun Kim, Woo-Jae Kim, Kwangho Park, Woosik Jang, Youngeun Lee, Byung Jun Jin, Kidong Han, Ki-Won Oh, Jong-Hee Lee","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1534621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1534621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Wheat is a major food crop used in producing bread, noodles, and cookies. Kernel vitreousness, closely related to protein content, is key to determining wheat's processing purpose. Traditionally, vitreousness is visually assessed, but studies on classifying vitreous and starchy kernels to improve quality are limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study expands the use of a commercial color sorter to classify kernel vitreousness by G value, distinguishing vitreous from starchy kernels.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The system improved protein content and bread-making quality by classifying vitreous kernels, while reducing variability across 23 samples collected over four years. An industrial field test confirmed its applicability at scale. Genetic and environmental factors were also examined, revealing that varietal differences and flowering time were not significant contributors to variations in vitreousness. The findings suggest that color sorting is a reliable tool for enhancing wheat quality until more environmentally stable cultivars are developed, providing economic benefits through improved and consistent product quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1534621"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12043495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the infection strategy of <i>Colletotrichum fructicola</i> in pecan and two effectors Cf-ID1 and Cf-ID2 were characterized using unique molecular identifier-RNA sequencing technology.","authors":"Long-Jiao Hu, Ji-Ping Xuan, Yang Li, Min Zhai, Guo-Ming Wang, Li-Na Deng, Zheng-Hai Mo","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1551342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1551342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The anthracnose disease caused by <i>Colletotrichum fructicola</i> has widely occurred in pecan (<i>Carya illinoinensis</i>) in China, seriously affecting its fruit yield and quality. However, the details of the infection strategy of <i>C. fructicola</i> remain to be elucidated. In this study, unique molecular identifier-RNA sequencing (UMI RNA-seq) was used to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of <i>C. fructicola</i> and candidate effectors were predicted. Two candidate effectors were identified during the early infection stages of <i>C. fructicola</i>. There were 6,822 DEGs at three infection timepoints (6, 24, and 36 h post-inoculation), and these genes were involved in spore germination, nutrient uptake, detoxification, secretion of toxic substances (such as effectors and toxins), inhibition of the host's immune response, and protein post-translational modification, which participated in the pathogenic process of <i>C. fructicola</i>. Moreover, 191 candidate effectors were predicted and their expression trends were divided into five clusters. Two candidate effectors Cf-ID1 and Cf-ID2 were selected for functional validation, and they were demonstrated to trigger cell death and immune response in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>. Cf-ID1 and Cf-ID2 are located in both cytoplasm and nucleus and could suppress the infection of <i>C. fructicola</i> by eliciting defense responses in <i>N. benthamiana</i>. This study provided valuable information for in-depth research on the pathogenesis of <i>C. fructicola</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1551342"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12043710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent trends and advances in chloroplast engineering and transformation methods.","authors":"Muralikrishna Narra, Issei Nakazato, Brittany Polley, Shin-Ichi Arimura, Grant N Woronuk, Pankaj K Bhowmik","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1526578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1526578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chloroplast transformation technology has become a powerful platform for generating plants that express foreign proteins of pharmaceutical and agricultural importance at high levels. Chloroplasts are often chosen as attractive targets for the introduction of new agronomic traits because they have their own genome and protein synthesis machinery. Certain valuable traits have been genetically engineered into plastid genomes to improve crop yield, nutritional quality, resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and the production of industrial enzymes and therapeutic proteins. Synthetic biology approaches aim to play an important role in expressing multiple genes through plastid engineering, without the risk of pleiotropic effects in transplastomic plants. Despite many promising laboratory-level successes, no transplastomic crop has been commercialized to date. This technology is mostly confined to model species in academic laboratories and needs to be expanded to other agronomically important crop species to capitalize on its significant commercial potential. However, in recent years, some transplastomic lines are progressing in field trials, offering hope that they will pass regulatory approval and enter the marketplace. This review provides a comprehensive summary of new and emerging technologies employed for plastid transformation and discusses key synthetic biology elements that are necessary for the construction of modern transformation vectors. It also focuses on various novel insights and challenges to overcome in chloroplast transformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1526578"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12043724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic changes in donor soybean, dodder bridge, and the connected recipient soybean induced by cadmium addition.","authors":"Hangkai Pan, Li Zhou, Junmin Li","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1567412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1567412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Cuscuta</i> spp. (dodders) are parasitic plants that belong to the Convolvulaceae family. In nature, dodder often forms a bridge-like connection between two or more host plants like, which is known as a dodder bridge. Cadmium (Cd²⁺) is an important heavy metal ion that affects plant growth. However, it remains unclear whether Cd²⁺ treatment can directly or indirectly induce transcriptomic changes in plants through dodder bridge.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Cd²⁺ treatment on donor plant and neighboring recipient plant connected by dodder bridge. Transcriptome analysis revealed that Cd²⁺ treatment significantly affected the expression of genes involved in the 'Plant-pathogen interaction', 'phenylpropanoid biosynthesis', and 'isoflavonoid biosynthesis' pathways in both donor and recipient plants at 2, 12, 24, and 48 h. Cd²⁺ indirectly induced changes in the dodder bridge, which included processes related to oxidation-reduction ('oxidation-reduction process', 'oxidoreductase activity', and 'regulation of transcription') and Ca²⁺ signaling pathways ('Plant-pathogen interaction', 'MAPK signaling pathway', 'AMPK signaling pathway', 'mTOR signaling pathway'). Additionally, mRNA transfer was observed from soybean to dodder. mRNA, Ca²⁺ and ROS might play crucial roles in the signal transduction process induced by Cd²⁺ stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cd²⁺ treatment could directly and indirectly induce transcriptomic changes in the donor plant and neighboring recipient plant connected by dodder bridge. These results contribute to a better understanding of how plants connected by dodder bridges respond to environmental stresses.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1567412"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}