Frontiers in Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Editorial: The role of auxin in plant-microbe interactions.","authors":"Barbara N Kunkel, Jutta Ludwig-Müller, Ka-Wai Ma","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1500649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1500649","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1500649"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11573556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed and foliar application of nano-selenium improves sesame triacylglycerols and oil yield via photosynthetic pigment and enzymatic and chemical antioxidant enhancement revealed by spectrophotometric, UHPLC-analysis and chemometric modeling.","authors":"Ilyas Ahmad, Chi Chen, Zohaib Younas, Tayyaba Yousaf, Zia-Ur-Rehman Mashwani","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1431877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1431877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study aimed to investigate the effects of plant-mediated selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant activity, and the triacylglycerol profile of sesame (<i>Sesamum indicum</i> L.). The green synthesis of SeNPs was achieved using garlic extract, resulting in spherical nanoparticles with an average size range of 70-75 nm. Three SeNP treatments (T3, 30 ppm; T4, 40 ppm; and T5, 50 ppm) were applied through seed and foliar spray on six sesame varieties (V1, TS-5; V2, TH-6; V3, Til-18; V4, Niab Millennium; V5, Niab Pearl; and V6, NS-16). All enzymatic antioxidant parameters showed an increase in the treated groups, such as SOD (74.4% in V1 at T4), POD (43% in V5 at T5), APX (62% in V1 at T3), and GPX (31.56% in V3 at T4). CAT showed the highest percentage improvement in T5 for V1, V2, V4, and V5, while V3 and V4 exhibited the highest values at T4. Likewise, seed antioxidant parameters also showed increase in antioxidant activity, highest total phenolic content (6.06 mg GAE/g) was found at T5 treatment with percent increase of 27.41%, but the highest percent increase was found to be at T4 treatments in V1 with increase of 46.83%. Percent oil yield was also noted to be higher as highest percent (60%) oil yield was obtained at T4 treatment in V3. Ultra High Performance Mass-Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) analysis and chemometric modeling suggested a total of 10 triacylglycerol (TG) biomarkers separating untreated groups, with higher relative abundance values at T4 and T5 treatments compared to control. PCA and correlation analysis showed clustering of untreated groups from T4 and T5, which suggests that these two treatments result in higher accumulation of oil. A generalized linear model with ANOVA showed a highly significant impact of treatments on all the growth and oil parameters, with significance involvement of varieties. The interaction between variety and treatment showed no significant effect on the growth and oil biomarkers of sesame. However, it can be concluded that the T4 and T5 treatments (40 ppm and 50 ppm) of SeNPs, applied through seed and foliar methods, have a strong influence on the overall growth and oil yield of sesame. This warrants further transcriptomic and molecular analysis to gain deeper insight into the mechanisms of action of SeNPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1431877"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11575262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation and carbon sink response to water level changes in a seasonal lake wetland.","authors":"Weiyu Huang, Xin Liu, Lin Tian, Geng Cui, Yan Liu","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1445906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1445906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water level fluctuations are among the main factors affecting the development of wetland vegetation communities, carbon sinks, and ecological processes. Hongze Lake is a typical seasonal lake wetland in the Huaihe River Basin. Its water levels have experienced substantial fluctuations because of climate change, as well as gate and dam regulations. In this study, long-term cloud-free remote sensing images of water body area, net plant productivity (NPP), gross primary productivity (GPP), and Fractional vegetation cover (FVC) of the wetlands of Hongze Lake were obtained from multiple satellites by Google Earth Engine (GEE) from 2006 to 2023. The trends in FVC were analyzed using a combined Theil-Sen estimator and Mann-Kendall (MK) test. Linear regression was employed to analyze the correlation between the area of water bodies and that of different degrees of FVC. Additionally, annual frequencies of various water levels were constructed to explore their association with GPP, NPP, and FVC.The results showed that water level fluctuations significantly influence the spatial and temporal patterns of wetland vegetation cover and carbon sinks, with a significant correlation (P<0.05) between water levels and vegetation distribution. Following extensive restoration efforts, the carbon sink capacity of the Hongze Lake wetland has increased. However, it is essential to consider the carbon sink capacity in areas with low vegetation cover, for the lakeshore zone with a higher inundation frequency and low vegetation cover had a lower carbon sink capacity. These findings provide a scientific basis for the establishment of carbon sink enhancement initiatives, restoration programs, and policies to improve the ecological value of wetland ecosystem conservation areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1445906"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11574525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The reproductive strategy of a typical distylous <i>Ophiorrhiza alatiflora</i> (Rubiaceae), in fragmented habitat.","authors":"Yu Li, Ren-Xiu Yao, Bo Xu, Yun-Jing Liu, Bai-Zhu Li, Ming Tang, Yin Yi, Zhi-Rui Wen, Xiao-Yue Wang, Xiao-Xin Tang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1492402","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1492402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Heterostyly is a genetically controlled style polymorphism, that plays an important role in promoting outcrossing and improving reproductive fitness. Although distyly is often studied in plants of the Rubiaceae family, little attention has been paid to the reproductive strategies of distylous species in fragmented habitats. Here, We report for the first time the growth of <i>Ophiorrhiza alatiflora</i>, a type distylous species, in karst areas and evaluate its reciprocity between long styled morph and short one. We analyze the two distyly morph differences in the ancillary polymorphic of flowers and explore their reproductive strategy in fragmented habitats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we measured the floral characteristics of different morphs and performed differential secondary metabolite analysis on different morphs and tissue organs; Different pollination treatments were carried out to observe the fruit set, pollen germination, and pollen tube elongation of <i>O. alatiflora</i>.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Our research indicates that <i>O. alatiflora</i> is a typical distylous plant for the distyly has high reciprocity. Both morphs exhibit the highest fruit set of intermorph outcrossing; The pollen germination and pollen tube elongation experiments have also demonstrated that the affinity of pollen from intermorph outcrossing is highest, regardless of whether it is the long or short morph as the maternal parent; Meanwhile, <i>O. alatiflora</i> is an incompletely self-incompatible plant that exhibits a certain degree of self-pollination and intramorph outcrossing, which may be one of the important means to ensure sustainable reproduction in severely disturbed habitats. In the ancillary polymorphic of flowers, L-morphs flowers produce more pollen, and S-morph flowers produce more ovules to improve their male-female fitness and compensate for the asymmetry of pollen flow; Compared with S-morphs, L-morphs contain significantly higher levels of several kinds of terpenoids. S-morphs produce more flavonoids than L-morphs. The differences in secondary metabolites between L-morphs and S-morphs are mainly reflected in the different nutritional organs (including stems and leaves). Overall, our work has revealed the unique reproductive strategy of <i>O. alatiflora</i> in fragmented habitats based on the characteristics of distyly, verifying the hypothesis that the distyly of <i>O. alatiflora</i> promotes outcrossing and avoids male-female interference, improving male-female fitness and this is the first time in the <i>Ophiorrhiza</i> genus.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1492402"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11570894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating ecophysiology and omics to unlock crop response to drought and herbivory stress.","authors":"Insha Shafi, Manish Gautam, Rupesh Kariyat","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1500773","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1500773","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1500773"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11570275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromosome-scale genome assembly of <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i> and comparative genomic analyses shed light on its genome evolution.","authors":"Bao-Zheng Chen, Zi-Jiang Yang, Ling Yang, Yi-Fan Zhu, Xu-Zhen Li, Lei Wang, Ye-Peng Zhou, Guang-Hui Zhang, Da-Wei Li, Yang Dong, Sheng-Chang Duan","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1469375","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1469375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Codonopsis pilosula</i> is a significant plant in traditional Chinese medicine, valued for its edible and medicinal properties. However, the lack of available genomic resources has hindered further research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study presents the first chromosome-scale genome assembly of <i>C. pilosula</i> using PacBio CLR reads and Hi-C scaffolding technology. Additionally, Ks analysis and syntenic depth analysis were performed to elucidate its evolutionary history.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final assembly yielded a high-quality genome of 679.20 Mb, which was anchored to 8 pseudo-chromosomes with an anchoring rate of 96.5% and a scaffold N50 of 80.50 Mb. The genome assembly showed a high completeness of 97.6% based on Benchmarking with Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) analysis. Repetitive elements constituted approximately 76.8% of the genome, with long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTRs) accounting for about 39.17%. Ks and syntenic depth analyses revealed that the polyploidization history of three platycodonoid clade species involved only the γ-WGT event. Karyotype evolutionary analysis identified an ancestral karyotype with 9 protochromosomes for the three platycodonoid clade species. Moreover, non-WGD genes, particularly those arising from tandem duplications, were found to contribute significantly to gene family expansion.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings provide essential insights into the genetic diversity and evolutionary biology of <i>C. pilosula</i>, aiding its conservation and sustainable use.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1469375"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11570261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142667729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genetically programmed rhythmic alteration of diurnal gene expression in the aged <i>Arabidopsis</i> leaves.","authors":"Sukjoon Jung, Hyunmin Kim, Juhyeon Lee, Myeong Hoon Kang, Jungyeon Kim, JongKyoung Kim, Pyung Ok Lim, Hong Gil Nam","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1481682","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1481682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The circadian clock regulates the daily pattern of temporal gene expression. In Arabidopsis, aging is associated with a shortening of the endogenous period of circadian rhythms under circadian conditions. However, the functional link between the circadian clock and aging under diurnal conditions and its physiological relevance remain elusive. In this study, we investigate and characterize the effect of aging on the waveforms of rhythmic gene expression patterns under light/dark cycles. Our analysis revealed that the diurnal rhythmic patterns of core clock genes undergo significant rhythmic alteration with phase shift and change of waveforms in aged plants compared to younger plants. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that this age-dependent rhythmic alteration occurs not only in core clock genes but also globally. Due to the rhythmic alteration patterns of the diurnal rhythmic gene expression, aged plants experience subjectively a shorter day and longer night. We also observed that genetic mutants of core clock component genes exhibited broadly yet distinctively altered changes in diurnal rhythmic gene expression patterns as aging progresses. Collectively, our findings support that age-dependent rhythmic alteration of diurnal gene expression rhythms reprograms the timetable of daily gene expression, leading to the physiological changes required for plant senescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1481682"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11570267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytosolic alkalinization in guard cells: an intriguing but interesting event during stomatal closure that merits further validation of its importance.","authors":"Pulimamidi Bharath, Shashibhushan Gahir, Agepati S Raghavendra","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1491428","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1491428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stomatal closure is essential to conserve water and prevent microbial entry into leaves. Alkalinization of guard cells is common during closure by factors such as abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, and even darkness. Despite reports pointing at the role of cytosolic pH, there have been doubts about whether the guard cell pH change is a cause for stomatal closure or an associated event, as changes in membrane potential or ion flux can modulate the pH. However, the importance of cytosolic alkalinization is strongly supported by the ability of externally added weak acids to restrict stomatal closure. Using genetically encoded pH sensors has confirmed the rise in pH to precede the elevation of Ca²⁺ levels. Yet some reports claim that the rise in pH follows the increase in ROS or Ca²⁺. We propose a feedback interaction among the rise in pH or ROS or Ca²⁺ to explain the contrasting opinions on the positioning of pH rise. Stomatal closure and guard cell pH changes are compromised in mutants deficient in vacuolar H⁺-ATPase (V-ATPase), indicating the importance of V-ATPase in promoting stomatal closure. Thus, cytosolic pH change in guard cells can be related to the rise in ROS and Ca²⁺, leading to stomatal closure. We emphasize that cytosolic pH in stomatal guard cells deserves further attention and evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1491428"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11570284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142667731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Worldwide study on field trials of biotechnological crops: new promises but old policy hurdles.","authors":"Agnès Ricroch, Louie-David Desachy, Mateo Penfornis, Melekşen Akin, Ankica Kondić-Špika, Marcel Kuntz, Dragana Miladinović","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1452767","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1452767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Field trials (FTs) are a necessary step towards future commercialization of biotech crops and products thereof, whether for research and development or cultivation approval. A total of 187 FTs in 30 countries have been compiled for 2022 and 2023 using a survey and intergovernmental databases. FTs have been classified according to methods, crops and traits. Compiled FTs are mostly conducted by the public sector on eight plant species with improved stress resistance, industrial application, yield, and quality. Regarding genome editing (GenEd), 23 FTs (12% of total) are carried out in 6 countries, on 10 crops. Regulations were examined in 141 countries to discuss why in some countries FTs are not performed, although basic biotech research is carried out. The EU particularly is compared to the rest of the world. Regarding the new proposal in the EU for GenEd product classification, it was found that all recent FTs of such products fall in the category that the EU would consider as 'equivalent to conventional plants' (NGT-1). We also studied current cultivation approvals to highlight differences with crops tested in the field and those may be approved in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1452767"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11570883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in viticulture <i>via</i> smart phenotyping: current progress and future directions in tackling soil copper accumulation.","authors":"Youry Pii, Guido Orzes, Fabrizio Mazzetto, Paolo Sambo, Stefano Cesco","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1459670","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1459670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modern viticulture faces significant challenges including climate change and increasing crop diseases, necessitating sustainable solutions to reduce fungicide use and mitigate soil health risks, particularly from copper accumulation. Advances in plant phenomics are essential for evaluating and tracking phenotypic traits under environmental stress, aiding in selecting resilient vine varieties. However, current methods are limited, hindering effective integration with genomic data for breeding purposes. Remote sensing technologies provide efficient, non-destructive methods for measuring biophysical and biochemical traits of plants, offering detailed insights into their physiological and nutritional state, surpassing traditional methods. Smart phenotyping is essential for selecting crop varieties with desired traits, such as pathogen-resilient vine varieties, tolerant to altered soil fertility including copper toxicity. Identifying plants with typical copper toxicity symptoms under high soil copper levels is straightforward, but it becomes complex with supra-optimal, already toxic, copper levels common in vineyard soils. This can induce multiple stress responses and interferes with nutrient acquisition, leading to ambiguous visual symptoms. Characterizing resilience to copper toxicity in vine plants <i>via</i> smart phenotyping is feasible by relating smart data with physiological assessments, supported by trained professionals who can identify primary stressors. However, complexities increase with more data sources and uncertainties in symptom interpretations. This suggests that artificial intelligence could be valuable in enhancing decision support in viticulture. While smart technologies, powered by artificial intelligence, provide significant benefits in evaluating traits and response times, the uncertainties in interpreting complex symptoms (e.g., copper toxicity) still highlight the need for human oversight in making final decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1459670"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11570286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142667728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}