Frontiers in Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Microbial determinants of soil quality in mixed larch and birch forests: network structure and keystone taxa abundances.","authors":"Zhaoxuan Ge, Xinyu Zhang, Chang Liu, Minghao Li, Ruihan Wang, Yang Zhang, Zhidong Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1491038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1491038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Changes in forest soil microbial community characteristics affect soil function and quality. However, the mechanisms through which microbes drive soil quality across different stand types remain unclear. Three typical forest types, larch (<i>Larix principis-rupprechtii</i>) forest (LF), birch (<i>Betula platyphylla</i>) forest (BF), and mixed larch and birch forest (MF), were selected to assess soil properties, microbial community characteristics, and the complexity and stability of co-occurrence networks. The results showed that stand type significantly affected soil quality, microbial community composition, and network structure. Compared to LF stands, both MF and BF stands exhibited higher levels of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), maximum water holding capacity (MWHC), and soil quality index (SQI), with the SQI increasing by 54.29% and 48.57%, respectively. The bacterial Shannon index was lower in MF and BF stands, whereas the fungal Shannon index was higher. Fungal community composition was more sensitive to variations among the three stand types than bacterial communities. The MF stands exhibited higher microbial complexity and stability, with a higher relative abundance of keystone bacterial and fungal taxa associated with nutrient cycling and transformation. These findings suggest that SQI can be enhanced by increasing soil fungal diversity, improving microbial network complexity and stability, and increasing the relative abundance of key microbial taxa. This study emphasized that the mixing of larch and birch significantly affected soil microbial community characteristics, which in turn impacted soil nutrient utilization. The insights gained provide a deeper understanding of soil nutrient cycling in plantation ecosystems, offering valuable references for sustainable forest management practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1491038"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12303966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phyllotaxy and environmental factors influences on leaf trait dimensions in <i>Fraxinus mandshurica</i>: a multidimensional approach within temperate forests.","authors":"Mingyue Jin, Yunfei Diao, Yunlong Wang, Mingke Zhang, Tianyi Wang, Yajun Ren, Ming Zhong, Wanting Cheng, Chengdong Wang, Honghui Teng","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1626579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1626579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Light and soil nutrients are strong drivers of leaf trait variation, but the relative importance in shaping intraspecific trait variation across leaf developmental gradients remains poorly assessed. Previous studies mostly focused on single traits, while fewer have employed multidimensional trait syndromes framework to explore how plants optimize resource use and maintain physiological homeostasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We measured leaf economic traits (e.g., specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen concentration) and stomatal traits (e.g., stomatal density, size) in leaflets at different phyllotactic positions of the compound-leaved species <i>Fraxinus mandshurica</i> in temperate forests of Northeast China, while assessing the effects of phyllotaxy and environmental factors (light, soil nutrients) on these traits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that (1) specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen concentration significantly increase along the phyllotaxy gradient (from phyllotaxy 1 to 6), while leaf dry matter content, leaf thickness, and stomatal density significantly decrease. No significant variation in the dimensions of economic and stomatal traits was observed across the phyllotaxy gradient; (2) phyllotaxy modulates trait coordination, with decoupled economic and stomatal traits at phyllotaxy 1 but coupled relationships at phyllotaxy 2-6; (3) environmental factors had a greater impact on economic trait dimensions variation, whereas phyllotaxy was more important for stomatal trait dimensions.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our study highlights the significance of trait dimensions in understanding plant functional strategies. We emphasize that the influence of environmental factors or phyllotaxy on trait variation is trait-specific, indicating distinct mechanisms for resource acquisition and water use. We recommend considering phyllotaxy when predicting plant responses to environmental changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1626579"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12303895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Biology, systematics, and evolution of ferns and lycophytes in the omics era, volume II.","authors":"Li-Yaung Kuo, Alexandre Salino, Thaís Elias Almeida","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1629348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1629348","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1629348"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12303887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the underlying complexities in breeding for disease resistance in crop plants: review.","authors":"Rutuparna Pati, Surinder Sandhu, Ankita K Kawadiwale, Gagandeep Kaur","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1559751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1559751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biotic stress significantly contributes to global crop losses, posing a major threat to food security and agricultural sustainability. While conventional plant breeding techniques have successfully enhanced crop resistance to pathogens, the perpetual emergence of new pathogens and the need to develop varieties with effective, stable, and broad-spectrum resistance in the shortest feasible time remain formidable challenges. The rapid delivery of these technologies to stakeholders further underscores the urgency for innovative approaches. This review delves into the complexities of breeding for disease resistance in crop plants, tracing its historical evolution and highlighting recent advancements in genetic and genomic technologies. These advancements have significantly deepened our understanding of host-pathogen interactions, enabling the identification of key genes and mechanisms governing resistance. We aim to offer insights into how historical perspectives and cutting-edge innovations can guide breeders in designing robust resistance strategies. Ultimately, this work seeks to empower breeders with actionable knowledge and tools to address the dynamic challenges posed by pathogens, paving the way for a more resilient and adaptable agricultural landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1559751"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12305370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification of cyclic nucleotide-gated channel gene family in <i>Solanum tuberosum</i> and silencing of <i>StCNGC2</i> provides resistance to <i>Pectobacterium carotovorum</i>.","authors":"Kaile Sun, Shuai Liu, Huipo Mao, Qianqian Zha, Han Liu, Shunshan Shen, Evert Jacobsen, Richard G F Visser, Yuling Bai, Chengwei Li, Zhiqi Jia, Geng Meng, Yawen Shen","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1614191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1614191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel (<i>CNGC</i>) genes play vital roles in plant growth, development, and responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the current research on CNGCs in potato (Solanum tuberosum) remain largely uncharacterized. Blackleg disease is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide, causing severe yield losses. Understanding the role of the <i>StCNGC</i> gene family in blackleg resistance is therefore of significant importance. In this study, we identified 11 <i>StCNGC</i> genes in the potato genome and conducted phylogenetic analysis, gene structure characterization, and conserved motif prediction. Expression patterns were examined in different tissues and under stress conditions. The identified StCNGCs were classified into five groups, and showed conserved gene structures and motifs within groups. Most StCNGCs were induced under biotic stress conditions. Notably, silencing <i>StCNGC2</i> conferred resistance to blackleg disease and resulted in the upregulation the pathogenesis-related marker gene StPR1. Together, these findings suggest that <i>StCNGC2</i> plays a crucial role in potato defense against blackleg disease and provide a foundation for further functional studies of the <i>StCNGC</i> gene family.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1614191"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12303897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomics combined with physiological analysis provides insights into the mechanism of resistance to <i>Coleosporium bletiae</i> in <i>Bletilla striata</i>.","authors":"Qiao Liu, Xi Lu, Qiaofen Wu, Zhibiao Lu, Renjun Qin, Kui Huang, Xun Zou, Ke Xia, Yanni Yang, Shuo Qiu","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1604512","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1604512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Bletilla striata</i> (Orchidaceae) is a valuable traditional Chinese medicinal plant prized for its dried rhizomes. However, its cultivation faces significant challenges from leaf rust disease caused by <i>Coleosporium bletiae</i>, which causes substantial yield losses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To investigate host resistance mechanisms, we compared rust-resistant and susceptible <i>B. striata</i> accessions through integrated transcriptomic and physiological analyses.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Phenotypic observations revealed that while both resistant and susceptible plants developed rust spores by 2 days post-inoculation (dpi), the resistant accession exhibited a significantly slower progression of spore stack formation and lesion expansion on abaxial leaf surfaces over time. Integrated transcriptomic and physiological analyses revealed that the rust-resistant material of <i>B. striata</i> accessions exhibited faster and stronger defense responses to pathogen infection compared to susceptible plants. These responses were characterized by significant upregulation of DEGs associated with antioxidant defense systems, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, JA, SA, and BR signaling pathways, concurrent downregulation of DEGs involved in cell wall remodeling, and calcium-mediated signaling. Furthermore, rust pathogen inoculation triggered rapid physiological responses in resistant plants, including enhanced activity of defense-related enzymes (CAT, PAL, β-1,3-glucanase, and chitinase) and early accumulation of osmolytes (soluble sugars, soluble proteins, and proline). These coordinated molecular and biochemical responses effectively restricted pathogen colonization and spread. These findings delineate the molecular basis of rust resistance in <i>B. striata</i>, identifying key regulatory nodes in defense pathways that could be targeted through precision breeding or genetic engineering to develop durable resistance against <i>C. bletilla</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1604512"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12301390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144729719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics analysis reveals the specific role of biocontrol reagents against tomato bacterial wilt.","authors":"Xin-Qiao Du, Tian-Xiao Sun, Wu-Lin Xu, Tang Zhu, Qiang Wang, Pei-Wen Gu, Jiang Lu","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1620460","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1620460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial wilt caused by <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> is considered one of the most important diseases that cause economic losses to tomato. Currently, eco-friendly biocontrol agents have been increasingly considered as effective approaches to control tomato bacterial wilt. However, the specific mechanisms by which biocontrol bacteria with distinct functions exert their effects remain unclear. In this study, we employed a combination of amplicon sequencing, transcriptomics, and metabolomics analysis to investigate how <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> and <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> affect the defense responses against <i>R. solanacearum</i> in tomato. We showed that the fermentation broth of these biocontrol agents inhibited the growth of <i>R. solanacearum in vitro</i>, and improves the ability of tomato plants against bacterial wilt. In general, different biocontrol agents protect plants from bacterial wilt in many ways, by recruiting specific microbial communities in rhizosphere soil and activating different synthetic/metabolic and signaling pathways. Collectively, our findings contribute to a more in-depth understanding in disease resistance mechanisms of biocontrol agents, and provide a theoretical foundation for the development of targeted strategies using beneficial microorganisms to suppress disease occurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1620460"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12301371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144729715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a handheld chlorophyll content detector on wheat and maize leaves based on RGB sensor.","authors":"Weidong Pan, Heng Ma, Rui Wang, Hongrui Wang, Dong Wang, Wenchuan Guo, Xiangkai Guo","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1606413","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1606413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chlorophyll-a (CL-a) and chlorophyll-b (CL-b) are major chlorophyll found in green plants. Determining the CL-a, CL-b, and total chlorophyll (TCL) contents is important to guide crop growth. However, the widely used portable chlorophyll detectors, such as SPAD-502, are limited to measuring relative chlorophyll content and can't measure the contents of CL-a, CL-b, and TCL. It was reported that the chlorophyll content was related to the color indices of leaves, which inspired us to develop a portable detector that can non-destructively measure the contents of CL-a, CL-b, and TCL based on a color sensor. Therefore, the world's major crops, i.e., wheat and maize, are used as samples to develop a handheld chlorophyll content detector for leaves in this study. The detector was mainly composed of a microcontroller, RGB sensor, light source, and power management module, etc. The software, developed in Keil μVision5, was composed of a main function and several sub-functions, such as the leaf color collection sub-function, data processing sub-function, key sub-function, and display sub-function. The relationships of CL-a, CL-b, and TCL contents with the color features of wheat and maize leaves were analyzed. The results showed that these chlorophyll contents had high correlations with <i>B</i> (blue), <i>B</i>' (blue light intensity), <i>H</i> (hue), <i>S</i> (saturation), and <i>V</i> (value) and can be expressed by five-variable equations. Compared with the chlorophyll contents measured by the traditional spectrophotometry method, the root-mean-square errors of the developed detector were 0.269 mg/g, 0.089 mg/g, and 0.350 mg/g for CL-a, CL-b, and TCL contents, respectively. The small size, light weight, and quick measurement (about 2 s) make the detector will be important for instructing crop breeding, fertilization, and other management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1606413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12289629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144729712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Genomics-driven advances in crop productivity and stress resilience.","authors":"Parimalan Rangan, Robert Henry, Ambika Baldev Gaikwad","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1645714","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1645714","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1645714"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12290294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144729713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering the moss <i>Physcomitrium patens</i> to produce proteins with paucimannosidic glycans.","authors":"Jessica Jonner, Benjamin Fode, Jonas Koch, Sören Boller, Paulina Dabrowska-Schlepp, Andreas Schaaf, Christian Sievert","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1605548","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1605548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The moss <i>Physcomitrium patens</i> is an advantageous host for the production of biopharmaceutical proteins, particularly due to the ease of glyco-engineering. However, the ability to produce proteins with paucimannosidic (MM) glycans in this species currently depends solely on the nature of the product. MM glycans offer benefits for some therapeutic proteins by facilitating their import into target cells via a presumed mannose receptor. Here, we describe the use of <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> enzymes expressed in moss to produce recombinant human lysosomal acid α-glucosidase with mainly MM glycans. We tested the expression of mannosidase type III and a hexosaminidase by varying the promoter strength and protein localization. The parental line produced recombinant α-glucosidase with no detectable MM glycans at all, whereas the weak expression of mannosidase type III targeted to the medial Golgi produced 4% MM glycans. The strong expression of a hexosaminidase targeted to the extracellular space increased the MM glycan content to 43.5%. Unlike previous attempts to express proteins with MM glycans in plants, neither of our introduced modifications interfered with growth or recombinant protein production. Our data confirm that the finely tuned expression and cellular localization of the glycosylation machinery can improve the efficiency of glyco-engineering. We also exploit the assembly of DNA fragments <i>in vivo</i>, which overcomes the limitations of traditional knock-in methods and facilitates the screening of different genetic elements. Our combined methods therefore represent the first straightforward approach allowing the production of recombinant proteins with abundant MM glycans.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1605548"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12289595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144729714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}