Frontiers in Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Comparative plastome assembly of the yellow ironweed (Verbesina alternifolia) using Nanopore and Illumina reads","authors":"Salvatore Tomasello, Eleonora Manzo, Kevin Karbstein","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1429494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1429494","url":null,"abstract":"Chloroplast genomes (plastomes) represent a very important source of valuable information for phylogenetic and biogeographic reconstructions. The use of short reads (as those produced from Illumina sequencing), along with <jats:italic>de novo</jats:italic> read assembly, has been considered the “gold standard” for plastome reconstruction. However, short reads often cannot reconstruct long repetitive regions in chloroplast genomes. Long Nanopore (ONT) reads can help bridging long repetitive regions but are by far more error-prone than those produced by Illumina sequencing. <jats:italic>Verbesina</jats:italic> is the largest genus of tribe Heliantheae (Asteraceae) and includes species of economic importance as ornamental or as invasive weeds. However, no complete chloroplast genomes have been published yet for the genus. We utilized Illumina and Nanopore sequencing data and different assembly strategies to reconstruct the plastome of <jats:italic>Verbesina alternifolia</jats:italic> and evaluated the usefulness of the Nanopore assemblies. The two plastome sequence assemblages, one obtained with the Nanopore sequencing and the other inferred with Illumina reads, were identical, except for missing bases in homonucleotide regions. The best-assembled plastome of <jats:italic>V. alternifolia</jats:italic> was 152,050 bp in length and contained 80, 29, and four unique protein-coding genes, tRNAs, and rRNAs, respectively. When used as reference for mapping Illumina reads, all plastomes performed similarly. In a phylogenetic analysis including 28 other plastomes from closely related taxa (from the <jats:italic>Heliantheae alliance</jats:italic>), the two <jats:italic>Verbesina</jats:italic> chloroplast genomes grouped together and were nested among the other members of the tribe Heliantheae s.str. Our study highlights the usefulness of the Nanopore technology for assembling rapidly and cost-effectively chloroplast genomes, especially in taxonomic groups with paucity of publicly available plastomes.","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating thresholds of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer rates for rice cropping systems in China","authors":"Yingxia Liu, Wencheng Ding, Ping He, Xinpeng Xu, Wei Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1470774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1470774","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the fertilization rate plays a pivotal role in agronomic practices as they directly impact yield targets, soil fertility, and environmental risks. In this study, we proposed a method that utilizes allowed ranges of partial nutrient balance and yield to estimate the threshold of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizer applied to rice (<jats:italic>Oryza sativa</jats:italic> L.) fields in China. Based on a dataset of 6792 observations from rice fields, we determined the minimum and maximum rates of N, P and K suggested for single (mono-season rice), middle (summer-season rice rotated with winter-season upland crop), early and late (double-season rice cropping system) rice, ranging between 114−146 and 220−292 kg N ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> per season, 56−74 and 112−149 kg P<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>5</jats:sub> ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> per season, and 170−230 and 329−347 kg K<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> per season, respectively. These values serve as the lower and upper fertilization thresholds, guiding yield goals and environmental protection. Furthermore, if rice straw is returned to fields, the demand for K fertilizer can theoretically decrease by 183 kg K<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, with corresponding decreases of 50 kg N ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and 26 kg P<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>5</jats:sub> ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, respectively. A recommended fertilization approach, excluding returned straw nutrients from the upper fertilization thresholds, suggested average application rates of 194 kg N ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, 105 kg P<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>5</jats:sub> ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, and 157 kg K<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, which align well with the nutrient requirements of rice. Additionally, substituting organic N for chemical N is an effective approach to conserve chemical fertilizer N, potentially reducing chemical N usage by 20%−40%. Utilizing slow-release N is also a favorable option to enhance N use efficiency and optimize N balance. This study offers valuable insights into the development of fertilization restriction indicators, aiming to achieve a delicate balance between environmental impact and agricultural productivity through the adoption of balanced fertilization rates and utilization of organic residues.","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selecting reasonable soil moisture-maintaining measures to improve the soil physicochemical properties and achieve high yield and quality of purple garlic in the China Hexi Corridor oasis agricultural area","authors":"Xiaofan Pan, Hengjia Zhang, Haoliang Deng, Shouchao Yu, Chenli Zhou, Fuqiang Li","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1447469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1447469","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural plastic film, as an important agricultural production material in the China Hexi Corridor oasis agricultural area, is widely used in the intensive production process of purple garlic, which plays an important role in increasing yield, improving quality, ensuring supply, etc. However, the difference in decomposition characteristics between ordinary plastic film and degradable plastic film may affect soil moisture and temperature, thereby affecting soil biochemical properties. Therefore, we conducted a study to solve this problem. Specifically, in the Minle area of the Hexi Corridor, we selected 10 moisture-maintaining measures of ordinary transparent plastic film, transparent oxo-biodegradable plastic film (50-, 80-, and 110-day induction period), ordinary black plastic film, black oxo-biodegradable plastic film (50-, 80-, and 110-day induction period), wheat straw, and aubergine-super absorbent polymers and used the traditional open field without super absorbent polymers as a control. To analyze the effects of different moisture-maintaining measures on soil quality, garlic yield and quality, and water-fertilizer productivity in purple garlic farmland, and conduct a comprehensive evaluation of moisture-maintaining measures using principal component analysis. The results showed that all the moisture-maintaining measures could increase garlic yield, improve bulb quality and water–fertilizer productivity, improve the soil hydrothermal conditions, maintain soil fertility, increase the microbial quantity, and improve enzyme activity. Overall, transparent plastic film mulching was superior to black plastic film mulching, straw mulching, and A-SAP, with 110-day transparent oxo-biodegradable plastic film mulching being the most effective, and was not significantly different from the ordinary transparent plastic film. Compared with other moisture-maintaining measures, the yield, water productivity, irrigation water productivity, and nitrogen fertilizer partial factor productivity of purple garlic were significantly increased by 13.33% to 119.77%, 13.81% to 126.77%, 13.41% to 119.95%, and 13.33% to 119.76%, respectively. Meanwhile, the contents of allicin, soluble sugar, soluble protein, crude fiber, and amino acid content were increased by 1.44% to 14.66%, 4.64% to 36.46%, 0.38% to 28.27%, 1.89% to 26.29%, and 0.38% to 3.74%, and, due to the prolongation of oxo-biodegradable plastic film induction period, the soil microbial community changes from “fungi type” to “bacterium type,” reducing the occurrence of soil diseases and improving soil quality. On the basis of the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method, the soil quality was evaluated, and the yield, quality, and water productivity of garlic were comprehensively evaluated under each moisture-maintaining measure using principal component analysis. It was determined that the best soil quality and better bulb quality as well as higher garlic yield and ","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous gibberellin suppressed taproot secondary thickening by inhibiting the formation and maintenance of vascular cambium in radish (Raphanus sativus L.)","authors":"Ge Meng, Mingli Yong, Ziyue Zhang, Yuqing Zhang, Yahui Wang, Aisheng Xiong, Xiaojun Su","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1395999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1395999","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionThe thickening of radish taproots is primarily determined by secondary growth driven by the vascular cambium and is a highly intricate process regulated by plant hormones, transcription factors, and many metabolic pathways. Gibberellin (GA), a plant hormone associated with cell elongation, is essential in secondary growth. However, the mechanism through which exogenous GA3 regulates secondary taproot growth in radishes remains unclear.MethodsIntegrated morphological, anatomical, hormonal, and transcriptomic analyses of taproots in radishes treated with GA3 and its biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PBZ) were performed to explore their effects on taproot secondary growth and key regulatory pathways.ResultsGA3 significantly hindered taproot thickening by inhibiting the formation and maintenance of the vascular cambium, and PBZ promoted root development by increasing root length rather than root diameter. Transcriptome analysis revealed 2,014, 948, and 1,831 differentially expressed genes identified from the control vs. GA3, control vs. PBZ, and GA3 vs. PBZ comparisons, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathway enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were primarily involved in the biosyntheses of secondary metabolites and metabolic pathways. GA3 significantly increased the levels of endogenous indole-acetic acid and the expression of auxin synthesis and signal transduction genes.DiscussionExogenous GA3 significantly inhibited the expression of genes involved in the maintenance and differentiation of vascular cambium, including WOX14, ER/ERL1, and XCP2. Exogenous GA3 affects root thickening in radishes primarily by regulating hormone signal transduction pathways, vascular cambium activity, and substance and energy metabolisms. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying taproot thickening in radishes and provide a valuable gene database for future studies.","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening key sorghum germplasms for low-nitrogen tolerance at the seedling stage and identifying from the carbon and nitrogen metabolism","authors":"Chunjuan Liu, Wendong Gu, Bang Li, Yihao Feng, Chang Liu, Xiaolong Shi, Yufei Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1340509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1340509","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionSorghum (<jats:italic>Sorghum bicolor</jats:italic> L.) can withstand drought and heat stress and efficiently utilize water and nutrients. However, the underlying mechanism of its tolerance to low-nitrogen (N) stress remains poorly understood.Materials and methodsThis study assessed low-N tolerance in 100 sorghum-inbred lines and identified those with exceptional resilience. Principal component analysis, Pearson’s correlation, and Y value analysis were used to examine various seedling growth metrics, including plant and root dimensions, biomass, chlorophyll content, root N content, shoot N content, and root/shoot ratio.Results and discussionThe genotypes were categorized into four distinct groups based on their respective Y values, revealing a spectrum from highly tolerant to sensitive. Low-N-tolerant sorghum lines maintained higher photosynthetic rates and exhibited increased enzymatic activities linked to carbon and N metabolism in the leaves and roots. Furthermore, low-N-tolerant genotypes had higher levels of key amino acids, including cystine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, threonine, and tyrosine, indicating a robust internal metabolic response to N deficiency.ConclusionThis study provides a comprehensive and reliable approach for the evaluation of sorghum tolerance to low-N environments, sheds light on its morphological and physiological adaptations, and provides valuable insights for future breeding programs and agricultural practices.","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colocalising proteins and polysaccharides in plants for cell wall and trafficking studies","authors":"Edwin R. Lampugnani, Staffan Persson, Allison M. L. van de Meene","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1440885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1440885","url":null,"abstract":"Plant cell walls (PCWs) are intricate structures with complex polysaccharides delivered by distinct trafficking routes. Unravelling the intricate trafficking pathways of polysaccharides and proteins involved in PCW biosynthesis is a crucial first step towards understanding the complexities of plant growth and development. This study investigated the feasibility of employing a multi-modal approach that combines transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with molecular-genetic tagging and antibody labelling techniques to differentiate these pathways at the nanoscale. The genetically encoded electron microscopy (EM) tag APEX2 was fused to <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</jats:italic> cellulose synthase 6 (<jats:italic>At</jats:italic>CESA6) and <jats:italic>Nicotiana alata</jats:italic> ARABINAN DEFICIENT LIKE 1 (<jats:italic>Na</jats:italic>ARADL1), and these were transiently expressed in <jats:italic>Nicotiana benthamiana</jats:italic> leaves. APEX2 localization was then combined with immunolabeling using pectin-specific antibodies (JIM5 and JIM7). Our results demonstrate distinct trafficking patterns for <jats:italic>At</jats:italic>CESA6 and <jats:italic>Na</jats:italic>ARADL, with <jats:italic>At</jats:italic>CESA6 localized primarily to the plasma membrane and vesicles, while <jats:italic>Na</jats:italic>ARADL1 was found in the <jats:italic>trans</jats:italic>-Golgi network and cytoplasmic vesicles. Pectin epitopes were observed near the plasma membrane, in Golgi-associated vesicles, and in secretory vesicle clusters (SVCs) with both APEX2 constructs. Notably, JIM7 labelling was found in vesicles adjacent to APEX2-<jats:italic>At</jats:italic>CESA6 vesicles, suggesting potential co-trafficking. This integrative approach offers a powerful tool for elucidating the dynamic interactions between PCW components at the nanoscale level. The methodology presented here facilitates the precise mapping of protein and polysaccharide trafficking pathways, advancing our understanding of PCW biosynthesis and providing avenues for future research aimed at engineering plant cell walls for various applications.","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-heading dry-matter transport and nutrient uptake differentiate hybrid and inbred indica rice in the double-cropping system in South China","authors":"You-qiang Fu, Chu-sheng Lu, Xu-hua Zhong, Kai-ming Liang, Jun-feng Pan, Yan-zhuo Liu, Xiang-yu Hu, Rui Hu, Mei-Juan Li, Xin-yu Wang, Qun-huan Ye, Yuan-hong Yin, Ji-chuang Huang, Nong-rong Huang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1433402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1433402","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionHybrid rice demonstrated superior performance in enhancing yield and efficiency in rice production compared to inbred rice. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism responsible for the increased yield and efficiency of hybrid rice in South China’s double-cropping rice region remains understudied.MethodsField experiments over two consecutive years were conducted. Firstly, yield variations among 20 inbred and 15 hybrid rice cultivars prevalent in South China’s double-cropping rice system were examined. Secondly, selecting representative hybrid and inbred rice cultivars with significant yield disparities were carried out on further analyzing dry-matter production, source-sink relationships, and nutrient absorption and utilization in both rice types.ResultsHybrid rice displayed an average grain yield of 8.07 and 7.22 t hm<jats:sup>-2</jats:sup> in the early and late seasons, respectively, which corresponds to a 12.29% and 13.75% increase over inbred rice with statistically significant differences. In comparison to inbred rice, hybrid rice exhibited enhanced nitrogen concentration in leaves at the heading stage (15.48–16.20%), post-heading dry matter accumulation (52.62–73.21%), post-heading dry matter conversion rate (29.23–34.12%), and harvest index (17.31–18.37%). Additionally, grain nitrogen and phosphorus uptake in hybrid rice increased by 11.88–22.50% and 16.38–19.90%. Hybrid rice mainly improved post-heading nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and transport, while not total nitrogen and phosphorus uptake. Internal nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency enhanced by 9.83%-14.31% and 10.15%-13.66%, respectively. Post-heading dry matter accumulation, harvest index, grain nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, and internal nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency exhibited significant positive linear correlations with grain yield.DiscussionThe period from heading to maturity is critical for enhancing hybrid rice yield and efficiency. Improving photosynthetic capacity during this period and promoting nutrient transport to grains serve as crucial pathways for increasing grain yield and efficiency. This study is of great significance for further improvement grain yield and breeding rice cultivars with high-yield and high nutrients use efficiency for South China's double-cropped rice system.","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How forage grain ratoon rice improves the grain yield during the ratoon season","authors":"Panpan Gai, Yuanwei Chen, Xin Sun, Hongjing Chen, Desheng Yang, Miaofei Ren, Lei Liu, Weiqin Wang, Hua-bin Zheng, Qiyuan Tang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1402677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1402677","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionIn recent years, with the rapid expansion of ratoon rice production in Hunan, a unique ratoon rice-based production system, forage-grain ratoon rice (FG-RR), has been newly developed. Ratooning rice is a season of rice harvested by utilizing the dormant buds on the rice stubble left after harvesting the first season of rice to sprout and grow. Therefore, the characteristics of stalks themselves are crucial for the production of ratoon rice. The cutting period and higher stubble height directly affect the characteristics of ratoon rice stubbles. Based on this, we conducted the following research.MethodsIn 2021 and 2022, field experiments were conducted in central China to study the effects of different cutting periods and stubble height on the regeneration rate and nutrient content of ratoon crops. The treatments included two cutting periods (10 days after heading in the first season and 30 days after heading in the first season, respectively referred to as T10 and T30) and two stubble heights (10 cm and 30 cm, respectively referred to as H10 and H30).ResultsCompared with the T30H30 treatment, T10H10 and T10H30 increased grain yield by 48.1%, 41.7%, 73.1%, and 65.2% in the two-year ratoon seasons, while T30H10 reduced grain yield by 30.9% and 19.5% in the two years, respectively. Early cutting increased the panicles, spikelets per panicle, and filled grain rate to varying increase, while higher stubble height increased panicles but decreased spikelet panicle. On the one hand, early cutting and higher stubble height increased the dry and fresh weight, nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs), organic carbon (C), and nitrogen content of rice stalks, thereby improving the regeneration rate of ratoon rice. On the other hand, early cutting and higher stubble height retention increased the accumulation of nitrogen in rice stubble throughout the entire growth period and facilitated the transport of nitrogen to the mature panicles.DiscussionTherefore, appropriate early cutting and higher stubble height retention are the keys to improving the grain yield and stability of ratoon rice.","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oilseed flax cultivation: optimizing phosphorus use for enhanced growth and soil health","authors":"Ning He, Fang Huang, Dingyu Luo, Zhiwei Liu, Mingming Han, Zhigang Zhao, Xian Sun","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1432875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1432875","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionOilseed flax (<jats:italic>Linum usitatissimum</jats:italic> L.) yields are phosphate (P) fertilizer-limited, especially in the temperate semiarid dryland regions of North China. However, there are limited studies on the effects of P-fertilizer inputs on plant growth and soil microorganisms in flax planting systems.MethodsTo address this gap, a field experiment was conducted with four treatments: no P addition and application of 40, 80, and 120 kg P ha<jats:sup>-¹</jats:sup>, respectively. The aim was to investigate the influence of various P fertilizer inputs on yield, plant dry matter, P use efficiency, as well as the population of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and bacteria in dryland oilseed flax.ResultsOur results show that the P addition increased the dry matter, and the yield of oilseed increased by ~200% at 120 kg P ha<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> addition with inhibition on the growth of AMF hyphae. The moderate P supply (80 kg ha<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup>) was adequate for promoting P translocation, P use efficiency, and P recovery efficiency. Soil pH, available P, and available K significantly (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.05) promoted the abundance of the dominant taxa (<jats:italic>Acidobacteria_GP6, Sphingobacteria</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes</jats:italic>). In addition, it is imperative to comprehend the mechanism of interaction between phosphorus-fertilizer inputs and microbiota in oilseed flax soil.DiscussionThis necessitates further research to quantify and optimize the moderate phosphorus supply, regulate soil microbes to ensure high phosphorus utilization, and ultimately establish a sustainable system for oilseed flax cultivation in the local area.","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell size differences affect photosynthetic capacity in a Mesoamerican and an Andean genotype of Phaseolus vulgaris L.","authors":"Andrew Ogolla Egesa, C. Eduardo Vallejos, Kevin Begcy","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1422814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1422814","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> flux in the leaf is hindered by a several structural and biochemical barriers which affect the overall net photosynthesis. However, the dearth of information about the genetic control of these features is limiting our ability for genetic manipulation. We performed a comparative analysis between three-week-old plants of a Mesoamerican and an Andean cultivar of <jats:italic>Phaseolus vulgaris</jats:italic> at variable light and CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> levels. The Mesoamerican bean had higher photosynthetic rate, maximum rate of rubisco carboxylase activity and maximum rate of photosynthetic electron transport at light saturation conditions than its Andean counterpart. Leaf anatomy comparison between genotypes showed that the Mesoamerican bean had smaller cell sizes than the Andean bean. Smaller epidermal cells in the Mesoamerican bean resulted in higher stomata density and consequently higher stomatal conductance for water vapor and CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> than in the Andean bean. Likewise, smaller palisade and spongy mesophyll cells in the Mesoamerican than in the Andean bean increased the cell surface area per unit of volume and consequently increased mesophyll conductance. Finally, smaller cells in the Mesoamerican also increased chlorophyll and protein content per unit of leaf area. In summary, we show that different cell sizes controls the overall net photosynthesis and could be used as a target for genetic manipulation to improve photosynthesis.","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}