Frontiers in Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms and application potential of MYC2 transcription factor-mediated plant stress responses.","authors":"Liu-Qing Yang, Si-Lin Shu, Yong-Hao Zhang, Gang Huang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2026.1943016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2026.1943016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant adaptation to drought, salinity, temperature extremes, pathogens, and herbivorous insects depends on coordinated hormone signalling, transcriptional control, and metabolic reprogramming. The jasmonic acid (JA) pathway is a major regulator of defence and the growth-defence trade-off, and the bHLH transcription factor MYC2 is a central node in JA output. Mechanistically, MYC2 is controlled through demonstrated protein-protein interactions with JAZ repressors, MED25, and selected transcriptional or chromatin regulators; it binds G-box-related cis-elements to regulate specific promoters, whereas many reported links to LOX/AOS, CBF, and antioxidant pathways are transcriptional or pathway-level rather than physical interactions. This integrative narrative review compares MYC2 orthologues across species, distinguishes MYC2-specific functions from those shared with MYC3/MYC4 or other clade IIIe bHLHs, and organises beneficial and detrimental stress phenotypes around pathogen lifestyle, target-gene polarity, tissue and developmental context, paralogue redundancy, and experimental design. We integrate genome-wide DNA-binding, transcriptomic, metabolomic, and protein-level studies, and critically evaluate demonstrated versus prospective applications of CRISPR/Cas genome editing. The synthesis identifies regulatory strategies that may exploit MYC2 networks whilst limiting growth, defence, and quality trade-offs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"1943016"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of leachate from waste rubber particles on duckweed: growth, oxidative stress, and cell structure.","authors":"Shulan Zhao, Yingyue Gao, Ziqi Wang, Yi Zhang, Li'an Duo","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2026.1923439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2026.1923439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Waste rubber particles, especially tire wear particles (TWPs), have become major contributors to microplastic pollution. Through rainwater and road runoff, TWPs can enter the water environment, posing potential threats to aquatic organisms. However, systematic research on the effects of waste rubber particles on duckweed remains limited. Thus, <i>Spirodela polyrhiza</i> was exposed to rubber leachate at 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% levels, aiming to evaluate the effects of rubber leachates on duckweed at the individual, physiological, and cellular levels. The results showed that rubber leachates significantly inhibited duckweed growth and reproduction. Exposure to the 25% leachate significantly reduced root length, root volume, and root activity of duckweed plants by 74.6%, 63.9%, and 29.7% (<i>p</i> < 0.05), respectively. Leachate exposure also induced the accumulation of osmoprotectants, with significant increases of soluble sugars (170.7%, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and proline content (73.6%, <i>p</i> < 0.05) under the 25% treatment. This was accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, reflected in significantly elevated superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide contents in root tips. Furthermore, the leachates induced oxidative stress in duckweed, as evidenced by increased antioxidant enzyme activities and antioxidant contents. In addition, the leachates compromised the integrity of both cell and mitochondrial membrane, reduced cell wall component contents, and induced apoptosis. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the toxicity of rubber leachates is mediated through oxidative stress and cellular structural damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"1923439"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptomic and rhizosphere microbiome profiling and cross-omics association analysis of wild and cultivated <i>Panax japonicus</i> var. <i>major</i>.","authors":"Qiuyue Xiang, Yunqing Yang, Xiang Gao, Han Zhang, Ruihong Gui, Kesong Li, Yaqiong Li","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2026.1961578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2026.1961578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Panax japonicus</i> var. <i>major</i> is an important medicinal plant endemic to China and is rich in terpenoid saponins with diverse pharmacological activities. Excessive harvesting of wild resources has accelerated the transition toward cultivation, raising questions about differences between wild and cultivated populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Transcriptomic and rhizosphere microbiome analyses were conducted in sampled wild and cultivated populations, followed by an exploratory cross-omics association analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Transcriptome comparisons identified 10,416, 8,782, and 5,441 differentially expressed unigenes in roots, rhizomes, and leaves, respectively. Functional enrichment analyses showed differences in plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling, plant-pathogen interaction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways. Several terpenoid biosynthesis-related genes, including AACT, HMGS, HMGR, DXS, and TPS, had higher transcript levels in wild plants. Rhizosphere microbiome analyses showed differences in bacterial and fungal community composition among the sampled groups. Exploratory cross-omics analysis identified candidate associations between several microbial taxa and terpenoid biosynthesis-related genes.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These taxonomic assignments do not establish the functional roles of the detected microorganisms. Because terpenoid and saponin concentrations were not measured, the transcriptomic differences do not demonstrate greater metabolite accumulation or improved medicinal quality. Moreover, because the populations were sampled from different sites and the microbiome data lacked independent biological replication within each sampling group, the observed patterns do not establish effects of cultivation status or habitat, nor do they demonstrate causal plant-microbe interactions. The results provide hypotheses for future controlled studies of <i>P. japonicus</i> var. <i>major</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"1961578"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>AcWRKY22</i> activates <i>AcMYB210</i> to regulate light induced anthocyanin accumulation in kiwifruit leaves.","authors":"Yan Zhang, Hao-Lin Zheng, Shi-Jiang Cui, Zhi-Xia Huang, Xiao-Fen Liu, Andrew C Allan, Xue-Ren Yin, Zhu Xie, Wen-Qiu Wang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2026.1944909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2026.1944909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Plant leaves often develop red coloration in response to aging and environmental changes. High light or continuous light treatments can elevate anthocyanins, which we observed in normally green kiwifruit leaves.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>The underlying mechanism in this response was investigated using transcriptomic analysis. Results revealed that multiple anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, particularly Flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase (<i>AcF3GT1a</i>), (<i>AcF3GT4</i>) can convert unstable anthocyanidins into stable colored anthocyanins, and glutathione-S-transferase (<i>AcGST1</i>) is responsible for the safe delivery of anthocyanins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the vacuole, were significantly upregulated under continuous light light-stress treatments. <i>AcMYB210</i>, a member of the S6 MYB subfamily in kiwifruit with previously unknown function, was specifically induced. Dual-luciferase, yeast one-hybrid, and homologous genetic transformation assays confirmed that <i>AcMYB210</i> directly binds to and activates the promoters of anthocyanin pathway genes, thereby promoting anthocyanin accumulation in kiwifruit leaves. A light-induced transcription factor, <i>AcWRKY22</i>, was found to directly bind and activate the <i>AcMYB210</i> promoter. In addition, <i>AcMYB210</i> was highly expressed in plants whose leaves turned red after waterlogging stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In summary, our data reveal the critical role of the <i>AcWRKY22-AcMYB210</i> module in mediating light signal regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in kiwifruit leaves, providing new insights into the regulation of kiwifruit anthocyanin biosynthesis by light signals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"1944909"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel quantitative trait loci identified for bean rust and the fuscan subspecies of common bacterial blight in an F₂ tepary bean population.","authors":"Santos Barrera, Giseli Valentini, Jorge C Berny Mier Y Teran, Tatiana Garcia, Jon Turkus, Marcial A Pastor-Corrales, Timothy Porch, Carlos A Urrea","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2026.1924863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2026.1924863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bean rust, caused by <i>Uromyces appendiculatus</i>, is one of the most critical diseases affecting common bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.) worldwide. Similarly, common bacterial blight, caused by <i>Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscans</i> (Xff) and <i>Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli</i> (Xap), poses major threats to common bean production globally. While common bean exhibits limited natural resistance to these pathogens, tepary bean (<i>Phaseolus acutifolius</i> A. Gray), a closely related species, has shown resistance to both rust and common bacterial blight. This study aimed to identify tepary beans resistant to rust and Xff, to pinpoint genomic regions controlling this resistance. Twenty-three tepary bean genotypes were inoculated with multiple rust races and Xff isolates. Several tepary genotypes exhibited immunity to eight rust races, and a few were also resistant to two isolates of Xff. An F₂ biparental tepary bean population was developed from one resistant and one susceptible genotype to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to these pathogens. The population was phenotyped by inoculating with two rust races and a mixture of two isolates of Xff. Genotyping by sequencing was employed to genotype the biparental population. A major QTL for the rust pathogen was identified on chromosome Pa10, and a major QTL for common bacterial blight fuscans was identified on chromosome Pa07. Neither of these QTLs have been previously reported in common bean, suggesting that tepary bean possesses different genes controlling the resistance to both pathogens. Both tepary genes should be considered for introgression into common bean through interspecific crossing.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"1924863"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of cultivation of herbaceous perennials on soil microbial community structure and nitrogen cycling functions.","authors":"Pushun Bian, Bo Han, Haifeng Zhu, Yu Zhou, Zexin Qi, Wei Gao, Yisen Wang, Nuo Chen","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2026.1961532","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2026.1961532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to elucidate the impacts of cultivating different herbaceous perennials on the rhizosphere microenvironment, nitrogen-cycling microbial communities, and functional genes in black soils of urban green spaces in Northeast China, thereby providing a scientific basis for rational urban plant configuration and interspecific differences in soil nutrient cycling. Focusing on five commonly utilized herbaceous perennials in Changchun (<i>Lycopus lucidus</i> [P-LL], <i>Salvia japonica</i> [P-SJ], <i>Hemerocallis fulva</i> [P-HF], <i>Hosta ensata</i> [P-HE], and <i>Pseudolysimachion spicatum</i> [P-PS]), this study integrated conventional physicochemical analyses, metagenomic sequencing, co-occurrence networks, and Random Forest modeling to analyze rhizosphere soil nutrient profiles, nitrogen-cycling microbial community structures, and key functional gene abundances after two years of continuous cultivation. Different floral treatments significantly altered rhizosphere nutrient status and microbial community composition. The P-LL treatment exhibited relatively higher contents of total nitrogen (TN), soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN), available phosphorus, and available potassium, demonstrating a high-level soil multifunctionality index (SMI). The P-PS treatment showed higher available nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen but lower SMBN, accompanied by a higher relative abundance of Actinomycetota and the assembly of a microbial co-occurrence network with enhanced connectivity and robustness, indicating a potent organic nitrogen mineralization potential in its rhizosphere. The composition of nitrogen-cycling genes remained broadly stable across treatments, dominated by ammonia assimilation genes (<i>glnA</i> and <i>gltB</i>), with a relatively low abundance of denitrification genes (<i>nirK</i>). Multivariate and Random Forest analyses revealed that SMBN exerted the strongest positive regulatory effect on nitrogen-sensing genes (e.g., <i>ntrY</i> and <i>ntrX</i>), whereas TN, nitrate nitrogen (NO₃ ^--N), and available potassium (AK) emerged as the paramount direct drivers determining the abundance variations of core ammonia assimilation genes. Different herbaceous perennials shaped species-specific rhizosphere nutrient and microbial functional profiles. P-LL and P-PS exhibited superior comprehensive nutrient traits and potential nitrogen mineralization characteristics, respectively, making them excellent candidate species for urban green space configuration and future mixed-planting trials in cold regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"1961532"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13672543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution patterns of <i>Abietinella</i> species under climate change across multiple spatiotemporal scales based on ecological niche models.","authors":"Chao Feng, Changchang Liu, Changchun Du, Jun Ye, Xue Song, Zhu Wang, Mengyao Gao, Zhaojun Bu, Jin Kou","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2026.1822978","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2026.1822978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Abietinella</i>, a dominant genus in the understory, only comprises two species <i>Abietinella abietina</i> (Hedw.) Fleisch. and <i>Abietinella hystricosa</i> (Mitt.) Broth. They can influence forest regeneration and development. However, research on the geographical distribution patterns of <i>Abietinella</i> is limited, which led to the absence of a method that can help explore how climate change affects the progress of species speciation and species diversity and their ecological functions for <i>Abietinella</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared the performance of different ecological niche models and then chose MaxEnt, which had the best performance, to analyze the effects of key environmental factors on the distribution patterns of <i>Abietinella</i> species and to simulate the distribution patterns of the two <i>Abietinella</i> species in China during the paleoclimate, current, and even future (2100) periods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that (1) temperature may play a more important role than precipitation in both species' distribution. Isothermality and precipitation of the driest month are the most important factors defining the distribution pattern of <i>A. hystricosa</i>, and mean temperature of the wettest quarter and precipitation of the warmest quarter are the most important factors for <i>A. abietina</i>; (2) No matter which period is considered, the distribution probabilities of <i>A. abietina</i> are obviously lower than those of <i>A. hystricosa</i>. For <i>A. hystricosa</i>, the areas of moderately suitable habitat showed a decreasing trend during the paleoclimate period but are projected to show an increasing trend in the 2100s. By contrast, <i>A. abietina</i> was predicted to remain stable from moderate to high suitability across all periods; (3) Across different spatiotemporal scales, both <i>A. abietina</i> and <i>A. hystricosa</i> had the largest potential distribution areas in the paleoclimate period. In addition, the two species exhibited largely consistent migration directions from the Last Glacial Maximum to future scenarios, except under the future ssp245 scenarios. <i>A. hystricosa</i> had a significantly longer distance migration than <i>A. abietina</i> under the paleoclimate, while <i>A. abietina</i> exhibited a longer migration distance than <i>A. hystricosa</i> under future climate scenarios.</p><p><strong>Discussion/conclusion: </strong>Our results provide a research foundation for the study of bryophyte differentiation across large spatiotemporal scales under climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"1822978"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13672545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for sustainable crop production in the Yangtze River Basin of China: insights from field experiments and farm surveys.","authors":"Yalan Ji, Shuang Cheng, Zhong Li, Youzun Xu, XueYuan Sun, Huawen Zou, Yongjin Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2026.1933498","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2026.1933498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Rice-based cropping systems in the Yangtze River Basin of China are diverse.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>However, most previous studies have focused primarily on improving the yield, resource use efficiency, or reducing the carbon emissions of individual systems, with few comprehensive comparisons across different systems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address this knowledge gap, a two-year field experiment combined with a survey of 190 farmers was conducted to evaluate the sustainability performance index (SPI) of four systems in this region: rice-fallow (RF), rice-green manure (RG), rice-wheat (RW), and rice-rapeseed (RR). Results showed that the RR and RW systems achieved higher yields than the RG and RF systems in both experiments and surveys.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>Average rice equivalent yields of the RR, RW, and RG systems exceeded those of the RF by 124.5%, 86.2% and 13.3%, respectively, in the experiments (RF, 9.34 t ha^-1), and by 66.9%, 58.2%, and 2.8% in the surveys (RF, 8.96 t ha^-1). The RR and RW systems also exhibited higher net energy, radiation use efficiency, and accumulated temperature production efficiency. Although the RR and RW systems incurred higher carbon and agricultural cost, their superior grain yield resulted in a greater net economic income, net ecosystem economic budge, and benefit-cost ratio than the RF and RG systems. Furthermore, the carbon emission intensity of the RR, RW, and RG systems in the experiments was 31.3%, 28.5%, and 8.1% lower than that of the RF (102.2 kg CO₂eq GJ^-1), respectively, with corresponding reductions of 22.3%, 39.4%, and 25.8% in the surveys (RF, 85.7 kg CO₂eq GJ ^-1). Overall, the RR and RW systems exhibited higher SPI with enhanced productivity, resource use efficiency, and economic benefits, despite comparable or marginally increased environmental impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"1933498"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of bulk-curing barn insulation on physiological metabolism and energy consumption during flue-cured tobacco curing in cooler-growing regions.","authors":"Jian'an Wang, Weidong Duan, Zhizhong Zhu, Linlin Zhang, Shunlong Zhai, Guangzhou Cui","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2026.1930629","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2026.1930629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Traditional bulk curing barns built with brick and concrete have poor insulation and high energy use during the tobacco curing season-a problem especially pronounced in cooler regions. This study systematically examined how adding new insulation materials to conventional bulk curing barns affects heating performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two heating systems for bulk curing barns were evaluated: an air-source heat pump (treatments CK1 and T1) and a biomass burner (treatments CK2 and T2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Barns with added insulation (T1 and T2) significantly improved temperature distribution in the barns' loading chambers, reducing horizontal and vertical temperature gradients and enhancing overall temperature uniformity. Regarding pigment degradation, adding insulation markedly accelerated chlorophyll loss: total chlorophyll degradation rates for T1 and T2 were 87.30% and 83.63% at 42 °C, respectively-significantly higher than in CK1 and CK2. For biochemical stress markers, malondialdehyde accumulation in T1 and T2 was lower than in the control groups, while polyphenol oxidase activity decreased. Conversely, peroxidase and lipoxygenase activities increased, effectively inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Energy consumption also decreased: T1 and T2 achieved savings of 32.54% and 25.36% in heat consumption, respectively. The payback periods for the retrofit investment in the T1 and T2 curing barns are approximately 2.6 and 1.6 years, respectively.</p><p><strong>Discussio: </strong>This study demonstrates that adding insulation to bulk curing barns can simultaneously improve the curing environment and increase energy efficiency, particularly in tobacco-growing regions at medium to high altitudes or in barns in poor condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"1930629"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13672033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An annotated cucumber leaf image dataset for detection of visible damage and abnormal color symptoms in complex cultivation environments.","authors":"Batyrkhan Omarov, Sayat Ibrayev, Nurbibi Imanbayeva","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2026.1962647","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2026.1962647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Field-deployable plant-health vision systems require datasets that preserve natural variation in illumination, scale, occlusion, and background clutter. This Data Report describes a fixed public release of 500 RGB JPEG images of cucumber leaves collected at three protected-cultivation facilities in Kazakhstan. The collection contains 250 healthy-leaf images and 250 affected-leaf images. Decoder-level inspection confirmed three native image dimensions: 3840 × 2160 pixels (387 images), 4608 × 3456 (112), and 4000 × 2252 (one). The affected subset is paired with 250 text files containing 2,705 rectangular annotations in normalized YOLO center-coordinate format: 1,741 class-0 boxes identify visible non-green color and 964 class-1 boxes identify visible tissue damage. Class 1 includes visible tissue deterioration regardless of whether the apparent cause is disease-associated, mechanical, pest-related, senescent, or otherwise uncertain. The two phenotype labels are operationally non-exclusive: 215 affected images contain both classes, and 116 contain at least one positive-area cross-class box overlap. These labels describe observable phenotypes and do not provide pathogen, disease-species, cultivar, or causal diagnoses. The release supplies bounding boxes, not pixel-level masks; it therefore supports image classification, object detection, and rectangular region localization, but not conventional supervised segmentation. A complete decoder, structure, coordinate, exact-hash, filename, and coarse perceptual-hash audit confirmed one-to-one affected image-label pairing and valid five-field rows, while identifying 42 boundary-crossing boxes in 36 files, 19 byte-identical pairs, and three additional high-similarity candidate pairs. The intentionally balanced final folders are a curated sample and must not be interpreted as natural prevalence. The dataset is publicly available in Mendeley Data, version 1, under CC BY 4.0 at https://doi.org/10.17632/mb3vnhpk8z.1.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"1962647"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}