Frontiers in Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Non-invasive diagnosis of wheat stripe rust progression using hyperspectral reflectance","authors":"James F. Cross, Nicolas Cobo, Darren T. Drewry","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1429879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1429879","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat stripe rust (WSR), a fungal disease capable of inflicting severe crop loss, threatens most of global wheat production. Breeding for genetic resistance is the primary defense against stripe rust infection. Further development of rust-resistant wheat varieties depends on the ability to accurately and rapidly quantify rust resilience. In this study we demonstrate the ability of visible through shortwave infrared reflectance spectroscopy to effectively provide high-throughput classification of wheat stripe rust severity and identify important spectral regions for classification accuracy. Random forest models were developed using both leaf-level and canopy-level hyperspectral reflectance observations collected across a breeding population that was scored for WSR severity using 10 and 5 severity classes, respectively. The models were able to accurately diagnose scored disease severity class across these fine scoring scales between 45-52% of the time, which improved to 79-96% accuracy when allowing scores to be off-by-one. The canopy-level model demonstrated higher accuracy and distinct spectral characteristics relative to the leaf-level models, pointing to the use of this technology for field-scale monitoring. Leaf-level model performance was strong despite clear variation in scoring conducted between wheat growth stages. Two approaches to reduce predictor and model complexity, principal component dimensionality reduction and backward feature elimination, were applied here. Both approaches demonstrated that model classification skill could remain high while simplifying high-dimensional hyperspectral reflectance predictors, with parsimonious models having approximately 10 unique components or wavebands. Through the use of a high-resolution infection severity scoring methodology this study provides one of the most rigorous tests of the use of hyperspectral reflectance observations for WSR classification. We demonstrate that machine learning in combination with a few carefully-selected wavebands can be leveraged for precision remote monitoring and management of WSR to limit crop damage and to aid in the selection of resilient germplasm in breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Over a century of pear breeding at the USDA","authors":"Christopher Gottschalk, Richard L. Bell, Gayle M. Volk, Chris Dardick","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1474143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1474143","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has performed European pear (<jats:italic>Pyrus communis</jats:italic> L.) scion breeding for over a century. The breeding program started in the early 1900s by Merton B. Waite in the Washington D.C. area and the program’s main goal was to develop host resistance to the devastating disease fire blight, caused by <jats:italic>Erwinia amylovora.</jats:italic> Most of the historic European pear cultivars being produced in the U.S. were susceptible to fire blight, prompting a need to breed for resistance. More than six generations of USDA breeders have continued this effort to breed disease-resistant European pears. Along with fire blight resistance, the pear breeding programs sought improved fruit quality, cold hardiness, and resistance to psylla (<jats:italic>Cacopsylla pyricola</jats:italic> Foërster), a significant insect pest of pear. Herein, we discuss the history of the program through each generation of breeder(s). We also present breeding aims, parental selection, and releases. In total, the program has released ten named pear varieties between 1938 and 2022.","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic profiles and phenotypic patterns in Taiwanese Phalaenopsis orchids: a two-step phenotype and genotype strategy using modified genetic distance algorithms","authors":"Ya-Syuan Lai, Shu-Yun Chen, Yan-Jeng Wu, Wen-Huei Chen, Hong-Hwa Chen, Yung-Yu Lin, Te-Cheng Lin, Te-Ju Lin, Chung-Feng Kao","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1416886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1416886","url":null,"abstract":"This study establishes the first core collection (CC) for Taiwanese Phalaenopsis orchids to preserve genetic diversity and key traits essential for breeding and research, thereby enhancing breeding efficiency without the need for a large maintained parent population. We examined 207 commercial orchid cultivars from ten nurseries, characterized by two phenotypes and genotypic data from eight simple sequence repeat markers. Multiple imputation was applied to estimate missing phenotypes, minimizing potential uncertainties and ensuring the reliability of population structure analysis. Weighted <jats:italic>k</jats:italic>-means clustering identified seven distinct clusters, highlighting substantial genetic diversity. We proposed a two-step phenotype and genotype strategy and modified genetic distance algorithms to effectively preserve both phenotypic and genetic diversity while retaining key features. Consequently, 22 core accessions were selected, distributed across seven clusters, and representing the orchid germplasm collection. Our evaluation revealed significant diversity preservation, particularly in distinct characteristics and rare features, outperforming other methodologies. Pedigree background analysis further confirmed the representativeness of the CC in maintaining diverse genetic materials. We emphasized the importance of evaluating the CC by detailing the criteria and statistical analyses used to ensure the quality, representativeness, and effectiveness of the selected accessions. This study contributes to orchid breeding, conservation efforts, and sustainable agricultural practices by providing a valuable and comprehensive resource. In conclusion, our research establishes a groundbreaking CC, offering insights into the genetic landscape of Taiwanese Phalaenopsis orchids and highlighting potential advancements in breeding commercially desirable varieties.","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro plastic driving changes in the soil microbes and lettuce growth under the influence of heavy metals contaminated soil","authors":"Jazbia Shirin, Yongjing Chen, Azhar Hussain Shah, Yanmei Da, Guowei Zhou, Qingye Sun","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1427166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1427166","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics (MPs) have garnered global attention as emerging contaminants due to their adaptability, durability, and robustness in various ecosystems. Still, studies concerning their combination with heavy metals (HMs), their interactions with soil biota, and how they affect soil physiochemical properties and terrestrial plant systems are limited. Our study was set to investigate the combined effect of HMs (cadmium, arsenic, copper, zinc and lead) contaminated soil of Tongling and different sizes (T1 = 106 µm, T2 = 50 µm, and T3 = 13 µm) of polystyrene microplastics on the soil physiochemical attributes, both bacterial and fungal diversity, compositions, AMF (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi), plant pathogens in the soil, and their effect on <jats:italic>Lactuca sativa</jats:italic> by conducting a greenhouse experiment. According to our results, the combination of HMs and polystyrene microplastic (PS-MPs), especially the smaller PS-MPs (T3), was more lethal for the lettuce growth, microbes and soil. The toxicity of combined contaminants directly reduced the physio-biochemical attributes of lettuce, altered the lettuce’s antioxidant activity and soil health. T3 at the final point led to a significant increase in bacterial and fungal diversity. In contrast, overall bacterial diversity was higher in the rhizosphere, and fungal diversity was higher in the bulk soil. Moreover, the decrease in MPs size played an important role in decreasing AMF and increasing both bacterial and fungal pathogens, especially in the rhizosphere soil. Functional prediction was found to be significantly different in the control treatment, with larger MPs compared to smaller PS-MPs. Environmental factors also played an important role in the alteration of the microbial community. This study also demonstrated that the varied distribution of microbial populations could be an ecological indicator for tracking the environmental health of soil. Overall, our work showed that the combination of HMs and smaller sizes of MPs was more lethal for the soil biota and lettuce and also raised many questions for further studying the ecological risk of PS-MPs and HMs.","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare occurrence of cryptic 5’ splice sites by downstream 3’ splice site/exon boundary mutations in a heavy-ion-induced egy1-4 allele of Arabidopsis thaliana","authors":"Alvin Sanjaya, Ryo Nishijima, Yuki Fujii, Makoto Asano, Kotaro Ishii, Yusuke Kazama, Tomoko Abe, Makoto T. Fujiwara","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1388040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1388040","url":null,"abstract":"Pre-mRNA splicing is a fundamental process in eukaryotic gene expression, and the mechanism of intron definition, involving the recognition of the canonical GU (5’-splice site) and AG (3’-splice site) dinucleotides by splicing factors, has been postulated for most cases of splicing initiation in plants. Splice site mutations have played crucial roles in unraveling the mechanism of pre-mRNA splicing <jats:italic>in planta</jats:italic>. Typically, splice site mutations abolish splicing events or activate one or more cryptic splice sites surrounding the mutated region. In this report, we investigated the splicing pattern of the <jats:italic>EGY1</jats:italic> gene in an Ar-ion-induced <jats:italic>egy1-4</jats:italic> allele of <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>egy1-4</jats:italic> has an AG-to-AC mutation in the 3′-end of intron 3, along with 4-bp substitutions and a 5-bp deletion in adjacent exon 4. RT-PCR, cDNA cloning, and amplicon sequencing analyses of <jats:italic>EGY1</jats:italic> revealed that while most wild-type <jats:italic>EGY1</jats:italic> mRNAs had a single splicing pattern, <jats:italic>egy1-4</jats:italic> mRNAs had multiple splicing defects. Almost half of <jats:italic>EGY1</jats:italic> transcripts showed ‘intron retention’ at intron 3, while the other half exhibited activation of 3’ cryptic splice sites either upstream or downstream of the original 3’-splice site. Unexpectedly, around 8% of <jats:italic>EGY1</jats:italic> transcripts in <jats:italic>egy1-4</jats:italic> exhibited activation of cryptic 5′-splice sites positioned upstream of the authentic 5’-splice site of intron 3. Whole genome resequencing of <jats:italic>egy1-4</jats:italic> indicated that it has no other known impactful mutations. These results may provide a rare, but real case of activation of cryptic 5’-splice sites by downstream 3’-splice site/exon mutations <jats:italic>in planta</jats:italic>.","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic delivery of engineered compact AsCas12f by a positive-strand RNA virus vector enables highly efficient targeted mutagenesis in plants","authors":"Kazuhiro Ishibashi, Satoru Sukegawa, Masaki Endo, Naho Hara, Osamu Nureki, Hiroaki Saika, Seiichi Toki","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1454554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1454554","url":null,"abstract":"Because virus vectors can spread systemically autonomously, they are powerful vehicles with which to deliver genome-editing tools into plant cells. Indeed, a vector based on a positive-strand RNA virus, potato virus X (PVX), harboring SpCas9 and its single guide RNA (sgRNA), achieved targeted mutagenesis in inoculated leaves of <jats:italic>Nicotiana benthamiana</jats:italic>. However, the large size of the <jats:italic>SpCas9</jats:italic> gene makes it unstable in the PVX vector, hampering the introduction of mutations in systemic leaves. Smaller Cas variants are promising tools for virus vector–mediated genome editing; however, they exhibit far lower nuclease activity than SpCas9. Recently, AsCas12f, one of the smallest known Cas proteins so far (one-third the size of SpCas9), was engineered to improve genome-editing activity dramatically. Here, we first confirmed that engineered AsCas12f variants including I123Y/D195K/D208R/V232A exhibited enhanced genome-editing frequencies in rice. Then, a PVX vector harboring this AsCas12f variant was inoculated into <jats:italic>N. benthamiana</jats:italic> leaves by agroinfiltration. Remarkably, and unlike with PVX-SpCas9, highly efficient genome editing was achieved, not only in PVX-AsCas12f-inoculated leaves but also in leaves above the inoculated leaf (fourth to sixth upper leaves). Moreover, genome-edited shoots regenerated from systemic leaves were obtained at a rate of &amp;gt;60%, enabling foreign DNA–free genome editing. Taken together, our results demonstrate that AsCas12f is small enough to be maintained in the PVX vector during systemic infection in <jats:italic>N. benthamiana</jats:italic> and that engineered AsCas12f offers advantages over SpCas9 for plant genome editing using virus vectors.","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the influence of varied ratios of red and far-red light on lettuce (Lactuca sativa): effects on growth, photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence","authors":"Xueting Bi, Hong Xu, Chaowei Yang, Haoran Zhang, Wei Li, Wei Su, Mingtao Zheng, Bingfu Lei","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1430241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1430241","url":null,"abstract":"Far red photon flux accelerates photosynthetic electron transfer rates through photosynthetic pigments, influencing various biological processes. In this study, we investigated the impact of differing red and far-red light ratios on plant growth using LED lamps with different wavelengths and Ca<jats:sub>1.8</jats:sub>Mg<jats:sub>1.2</jats:sub>Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>Ge<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>12</jats:sub>:0.03Cr<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> phosphor materials. The control group (CK) consisted of a plant growth special lamp with 450 nm blue light + 650 nm red light. Four treatments were established: F1 (650 nm red light), F2 (CK + 730 nm far-red light in a 3:2 ratio), F3 (650 nm red light + 730 nm far-red light in a 3:2 ratio), and F4 (CK + phosphor-converted far-red LED in a 3:2 ratio). The study assessed changes in red and far-red light ratios and their impact on the growth morphology, photosynthetic characteristics, fluorescence characteristics, stomatal status, and nutritional quality of cream lettuce. The results revealed that the F3 light treatment exhibited superior growth characteristics and quality compared to the CK treatment. Notably, leaf area, aboveground fresh weight, vitamin C content, and total soluble sugar significantly increased. Additionally, the addition of far-red light resulted in an increase in stomatal density and size, and the F3 treatments were accompanied by increases in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> concentration (Ci), and stomatal conductance (Gs). The results demonstrated that the F3 treatment, with its optimal red-to-far-red light ratio, promoted plant growth and photosynthetic characteristics. This indicates its suitability for supplementing artificial light sources in plant factories and greenhouses.","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Asteraceae biomass and biofertilizers to improve potato crop health by controlling black scurf disease","authors":"Muhammad Rafiq, Amna Shoaib, Arshad Javaid, Shagufa Parveen, Muhammad Ahmad Hassan, Hafiz Husnain Nawaz, Chunsong Cheng","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1437702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1437702","url":null,"abstract":"Potato (<jats:italic>Solanum tuberosum</jats:italic> L.) cultivation in Pakistan faces challenges, with black scurf disease caused <jats:italic>by Rhizoctonia solani</jats:italic> Kühn being a significant concern. Conventional methods like chemical fungicides partially control it, but an effective solution is lacking. This study explores the potential of biofertilizers and soil amendments from Asteraceae weed biomass to manage the disease. Two potato varieties, Karoda and Sante, were chosen, and two biofertilizers, Fertibio and Feng Shou, were tested alone or with <jats:italic>Xanthium strumarium</jats:italic> biomass. Disease pressure was highest in the positive control, with significant reduction by chemical fungicide. <jats:italic>X. strumarium</jats:italic> biomass also decreased disease incidence significantly. Fertibio showed better efficacy than Feng Shou. Physiological and biochemical attributes of plants improved with biofertilizer and biomass application. Tuber weight, photosynthetic pigments, total protein content, and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POX, and PPO) were positively correlated. Combined application of Fertibio and S. marianum biomass effectively managed black scurf disease. These eco-friendly alternatives could enhance disease management and yield. Future research should explore their cost-effectiveness, commercialization, and safety.","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training set optimization is a feasible alternative for perennial orphan crop domestication and germplasm management: an Acrocomia aculeata example","authors":"Evellyn G. O. Couto, Saulo F. S. Chaves, Kaio Olimpio G. Dias, Jonathan A. Morales-Marroquín, Alessandro Alves-Pereira, Sérgio Yoshimitsu Motoike, Carlos Augusto Colombo, Maria Imaculada Zucchi","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1441683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1441683","url":null,"abstract":"Orphan perennial native species are gaining importance as sustainability in agriculture becomes crucial to mitigate climate change. Nevertheless, issues related to the undomesticated status and lack of improved germplasm impede the evolution of formal agricultural initiatives. <jats:italic>Acrocomia aculeata</jats:italic> - <jats:italic>a</jats:italic> neotropical palm with potential for oil production - is an example. Breeding efforts can aid the species to reach its full potential and increase market competitiveness. Here, we present genomic information and training set optimization as alternatives to boost orphan perennial native species breeding using <jats:italic>Acrocomia aculeata</jats:italic> as an example. Furthermore, we compared three SNP calling methods and, for the first time, presented the prediction accuracies of three yield-related traits. We collected data for two years from 201 wild individuals. These trees were genotyped, and three references were used for SNP calling: the oil palm genome, <jats:italic>de novo</jats:italic> sequencing, and the <jats:italic>A. aculeata</jats:italic> transcriptome. The traits analyzed were fruit dry mass (FDM), pulp dry mass (PDM), and pulp oil content (OC). We compared the predictive ability of GBLUP and BayesB models in cross- and real validation procedures. Afterwards, we tested several optimization criteria regarding consistency and the ability to provide the optimized training set that yielded less risk in both targeted and untargeted scenarios. Using the oil palm genome as a reference and GBLUP models had better results for the genomic prediction of FDM, OC, and PDM (prediction accuracies of 0.46, 0.45, and 0.39, respectively). Using the criteria PEV, r-score and core collection methodology provides risk-averse decisions. Training set optimization is an alternative to improve decision-making while leveraging genomic information as a cost-saving tool to accelerate plant domestication and breeding. The optimized training set can be used as a reference for the characterization of native species populations, aiding in decisions involving germplasm collection and construction of breeding populations","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crucial amino acids identified in Δ12 fatty acid desaturases related to linoleic acid production in Perilla frutescens","authors":"Zhenke Wu, Mingkai Li, Xiqin Liang, Jun Wang, Guoli Wang, Qi Shen, Tianyue An","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1464388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1464388","url":null,"abstract":"Perilla oil from the medicinal crop <jats:italic>Perilla frutescens</jats:italic> possess a wide range of biological activities and is generally used as an edible oil in many countries. The molecular basis for its formation is of particular relevance to perilla and its breeders. Here in the present study, four <jats:italic>PfFAD2</jats:italic> genes were identified in different perilla cultivars, PF40 and PF70, with distinct oil content levels, respectively. Their function was characterized in engineered yeast strain, and among them, PfFAD2-1<jats:sup>PF40</jats:sup>, PfFAD2-1<jats:sup>PF70</jats:sup> had no LA biosynthesis ability, while PfFAD2-2<jats:sup>PF40</jats:sup> in cultivar with high oil content levels possessed higher catalytic activity than PfFAD2-2<jats:sup>PF70</jats:sup>. Key amino acid residues responsible for the enhanced catalytic activity of PfFAD2-2<jats:sup>PF40</jats:sup> was identified as residue R221 through sequence alignment, molecular docking, and site-directed mutation studies. Moreover, another four amino acid residues influencing PfFAD2 catalytic activity were discovered through random mutation analysis. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement of high-oil-content perilla cultivars and the biosynthesis of LA and its derivatives.","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}