Frontiers in Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum: From flower to fruit: fruit growth and development in olive (<i>Olea europaea</i> L.)-a review.","authors":"Adolfo Rosati, Enrico Maria Lodolini, Franco Famiani","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1556708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1556708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1276178.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1556708"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11837219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and functional analysis of <i>Wall-Associated Kinase</i> genes in <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>.","authors":"Ling Li, Linggai Cao, Jintao Li, Zhiqiang Zhang, Jie Liu, Zhongying Ren, Jie Zhang, Rengang Wang, Yangfan Miao, Shizhou Yu, Wei Li","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1543437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1543437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Wall-associated kinases (WAKs) are pivotal in linking plant cell walls to intracellular signaling networks, thereby playing essential roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The bioinformatics analysis was employed to identify WAK genes in tobacco. The expression levels of <i>NtWAK</i> genes were assessed by qRT-PCR. The subcellular localization of WAK proteins was observed in tobacco cells and Arabidopsis protoplasts. Kinase activity of the WAK proteins was evaluated through <i>in vitro</i> assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive genome-wide identification and analysis of the <i>WAK</i> gene family in tobacco (<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>). A total of 44 <i>WAK</i> genes were identified in the tobacco genome, which were further classified into three distinct groups. Phylogenetic analysis comparing tobacco WAKs (NtWAKs) with Arabidopsis WAKs (AtWAKs) revealed species-specific expansion of these genes. The WAK proteins within each group displayed similar gene structures and conserved motif distributions. Promoter region analysis indicated that cis-elements of <i>NtWAK</i> genes are primarily involved in regulating plant growth and development, phytohormone signaling, and stress responses. Expression profiling under NaCl, PEG, and ABA treatments suggested that certain <i>NtWAK</i> genes may play key roles in modulating responses to abiotic stress. Three-dimensional structural predictions and subcellular localization analysis showed that NtWAK proteins from the three subgroups exhibit high cytoplasmic similarity and are primarily located to the plasma membrane. Kinase activity assay confirmed that they possess phosphorylation activity.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study represents the first genome-wide analysis of the WAK gene family in <i>N. tabacum</i>, laying the groundwork for future functional investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1543437"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic plasticity vs. local genetic adaptation: essential oil diversity of natural immortelle (<i>Helichrysum italicum</i> (Roth.) G.Don) populations along eastern Adriatic coast.","authors":"Tonka Ninčević Runjić, Dejan Pljevljakušić, Marko Runjić, Martina Grdiša, Zlatko Šatović","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1467421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1467421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The essential oil of <i>Helichrysum italicum</i> (Roth) G.Don, commonly known as immortelle, is produced in Mediterranean countries to meet the increasing demand of the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. This study focused on the analysis of secondary metabolites, specifically essential oils, extracted from plants grown from the seeds of natural immortelle populations collected along the eastern Adriatic coast and cultivated <i>ex situ</i> under uniform conditions. Field trials were conducted to determine whether the observed variability was due to phenotypic plasticity or local genetic adaptation. Eighteen natural immortelle populations were sampled, hydrodistilled and their essential oil composition determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 84 compounds were identified. Eighteen essential oil compounds were present in concentrations greater than 5% in at least one sample of 18 populations. The populations differed significantly in nine essential oil compounds: Limonene, linalool, nerol, neryl acetate, trans-caryophyllene, neryl propionate, <i>ar</i>-curcumene, β-selinene and δ-selinene and the differences were attributed to genetic adaptation to the native environment. Three chemotypes were identified within which the populations were grouped. Results showed a significant and strong correlation between biochemical and bioclimatic distance, with 22.4% of biochemical differentiation between populations explained by bioclimatic distance. Correlations between the 18 main compounds and the bioclimatic variables of the populations' native environment revealed that BIO14 Precipitation of driest month and BIO15 Precipitation seasonality, were the most informative. These results can serve as a first step for future selection of immortelle populations with desirable adaptations to obtain commercial cultivars that ensure high quality immortelle essential oil.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1467421"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the individual and interactive effects of climate and competition on branch growth dynamics in <i>Pinus koraiensis</i> in Northeast China.","authors":"Xuehan Zhao, Zheng Miao, Fengri Li, Yuanshuo Hao, Yumeng Jiang, Lihu Dong","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1545892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1545892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The quantitative modeling of dynamic branch growth in Korean pine (<i>Pinus koraiensis</i>) and the analysis of the factors influencing branch growth are essential prerequisites for making scientifically sound management decisions in Korean pine plantations. To date, the effects of competition, climate and their interactions on branch growth have been insufficiently investigated. Additionally, limited knowledge exists regarding whether these impacts vary depending on the social status of trees. In the face of the current challenges posed by climate change, accurate information to inform forest management and policy-making is urgently needed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected 745 branches from 54 sampled trees of Korean pine and, we employed a mixed-effects model to assess the effects of tree variables, competition, climate, and their interactions on branch growth. Furthermore, we simulated branch growth under different combinations of competition and climatic conditions to provide practical and targeted recommendations for Korean pine plantation management.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results demonstrate that (1) in addition to branch age, size, and tree height growth, competition, climate, and their interactions significantly improved the branch growth model, with the effects of interactions surpassing the individual effects of climate, which highlights the importance of considering interactive effects; (2) the effects of climate and competition varied depending on the social status of the trees, with dominant and intermediate individuals showing greater sensitivity to competition and climate than suppressed individuals, suggesting that, for future research in this direction, prioritizing sampling of dominant and intermediate individuals would be a cost-effective approach; and (3) owing to the presence of interactions, the influence of climate on branch growth was modulated by competition, suggesting that adjusting competition levels in response to climate stress could lead to desirable branch growth outcomes.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our study underscores the importance of understanding the different sources of variation in branch growth is crucial for advancing our understanding of tree growth and crown dynamics, as well as for formulating sustainable management policies amidst the uncertainties of climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1545892"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective mechanisms of exogenous melatonin on chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthesis in tomato seedlings under heat stress.","authors":"Wangwang An, Guangzheng Wang, Jianhua Dou, Yonghai Zhang, Qing Yang, Yongmei He, Zhongqi Tang, Jihua Yu","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1519950","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1519950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elevated temperatures severely affect plant growth, reducing yield and quality. Melatonin (MT), a plant biomolecule, is known to enhance stress tolerance, but its role in heat resistance and underlying mechanisms require further exploration. This study investigates MT's regulatory effects on chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthesis in tomato seedlings under high-temperature stress (40°C). Tomato seedlings treated with 100 μmol MT showed improved physiological and photosynthetic performance under heat stress. MT application increased osmolytes (proline and soluble sugar), enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities [catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)], and reduced oxidative damage markers (H₂O₂, O₂ ^-, malondialdehyde, and conductivity). Photosynthetic parameters, including key enzyme activities [sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), and NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP-GAPDH)], photochemical efficiency [Fv/Fm and Y(II)], and photochemical quenching (Qp), were significantly improved, restoring the OJIP curve and enhancing photosynthesis. MT also regulated chlorophyll metabolism by promoting synthesis [increasing chlorophyll <i>a</i> and <i>b</i>, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), Mg-protoporphyrin (Mg Proto), and protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) levels] and upregulating synthesis genes (<i>SlHEMA1</i>, <i>SlPORB</i>, <i>SlPORC</i>, and <i>SlCHLI</i>) while inhibiting degradation genes (<i>SlCLH1</i>, <i>SlCLH2</i>, <i>SlPAO</i>, <i>SlPPH</i>, and <i>SlRCCR</i>). These findings demonstrate that MT enhances tomato heat tolerance by protecting chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthesis, offering a theoretical basis for improving crop resilience to heat stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1519950"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevation gradient effects on grassland species diversity and phylogenetic in the two-river source forest region of the Altai Mountains, Xinjiang, China.","authors":"Jing Che, Mao Ye, Qingzhi He, Guoyan Zeng, Miaomiao Li, Weilong Chen, Xiaoting Pan, Jiaorong Qian, Yexin Lv","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1487582","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1487582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Altitude, as a key environmental factor, shapes the spatial patterns of species diversity, phylogenetic diversity, and community phylogenetic structure. Studying grassland diversity and phylogenetic structure along altitudinal gradients helps clarify how altitude-driven environmental changes influence community assembly, and reveal vertical patterns in community formation. This study examines grasslands at 1300-2500 m elevation in the Two-River Source Forest Area, Altai Mountains, Xinjiang. Six elevation gradients (200 m intervals) were surveyed with 90 grassland quadrats, documenting community characteristics and environmental data. The study analyzes the patterns of species composition, diversity, and phylogeny across different elevation gradients and explores their relationships with key environmental factors. The results indicate that the grassland species composition is dominated by species from the Poaceae, Rosaceae, and Asteraceae families, with <i>Poa annua</i> (annual bluegrass) being the dominant species within Poaceae. The species diversity along the elevation gradient exhibits a bimodal trend, with an initial increase, followed by a decrease, another increase, and finally a decline as the elevation rises. In contrast, phylogenetic diversity shows a unimodal pattern, characterized by an initial increase followed by a decline with increasing elevation. Although the phylogenetic structure did not exhibit a significant trend of transitioning from divergence to clustering along the altitudinal gradient, the overall phylogenetic pattern of grassland communities tended toward clustering. Further analysis reveals significant correlations between species diversity and environmental factors such as temperature, precipitation, forest cover, and soil moisture. However, no environmental factors were found to have a significant correlation with the phylogenetic indices.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1487582"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11832647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the nutraceutical potential of indigenous and exotic eggplant for bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity as well as its suitability to the nutraceutical industry.","authors":"Yvonne Angel Lyngdoh, Partha Saha, Bhoopal Singh Tomar, Rakesh Bhardwaj, Laxman L Nandi, Mohita Srivastava, Bishal Gurung, Jeetendra Kumar Ranjan, Paresh Chaukhande","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1451462","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1451462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eggplant is a nutritionally rich crop that has beneficial effects on human health. Wide diversity exists in eggplant in terms of biochemical content; however, extensive research work has not been undertaken to gain more in-depth knowledge on its antioxidant capacity to improve the quality of the existing popular cultivated varieties and develop/identify nutrient-rich germplasms. Therefore, a total of 57 genotypes were chosen for the study, and they were evaluated for various biochemical compounds. The biochemical traits taken were an average of three replications and these values were used for statistical analysis. The analysis of variance for five fruit quality parameters indicated a high variability among the eggplant genotypes, which signifies that at least one of the genotypes is statistically different from the rest. The total phenolics ranged from 39.63 to 312.65 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g with the highest being observed in Pusa Krishna. The flavonoid content ranged from 7.83 to 65.09 mg/100 g FW. The antioxidant assays, viz., cupric reducing antioxidant activity (CUPRAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), were evaluated which ranged from 51.48 to 200.36 mg GAE/100 g for CUPRAC and 35.36 to 214.01 mg GAE/100 g for FRAP. Principal component analysis (PCA) generated a total of five principal components, and the maximum variance of 90.72% was exhibited by the first three PCs. The agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) revealed similar results to the PCA by identifying three major clusters. Cluster 1 had a maximum number of genotypes grouped together, i.e., 48, followed by cluster 2 with six genotypes, viz., Pusa Krishna (G-32), G-5, Mayurbhanj Local, HABI-2, <i>Solanum gilo</i>, and <i>Solanum sisymbrifolium</i>, and cluster 3 had only three genotypes, namely, <i>Solanum insanum</i>, <i>Solanum khasianum</i>, and <i>Solanum xanthocarpum</i>. Furthermore, the wild species <i>S. insanum</i>, <i>S. khasianum</i>, and <i>S. xanthocarpum</i> can also be utilized as a donor line for carrying out the nutritional breeding program as they are the reservoir of many important biochemical genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1451462"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11832719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the thermostability of triketone dioxygenase for engineering tolerance to mesotrione herbicide in soybean and cotton.","authors":"Stephen M G Duff, Lei Shi, Danqi Chen, Xiaoran Fu, Mingsheng Peng, Clayton T Larue, Janice Weihe, Jessica Koczan, Brian Krebel, Qungang Qi","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1502454","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1502454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optimized triketone dioxygenase (TDO) variants with enhanced temperature stability parameters were engineered to enable robust triketone tolerance in transgenic cotton and soybean crops. This herbicide tolerance trait, which can metabolize triketone herbicides such as mesotrione and tembotrione, could be useful for weed management systems and provide additional tools for farmers to control weeds. TDO has a low melting point (~39°C-40°C). We designed an optimization scheme using a hypothesis-based rational design to improve the temperature stability of TDO. Temperature stabilization resulted in enzymes with K_cat values less than half of wild-type TDO. The best variant TDO had a K_cat of 1.2 min^-1 compared to wild-type TDO, which had a K_cat of 2.7 min^-1. However K_m values did not change much due to temperature stabilization. Recovery of the K_cat without losing heat stability was the focus of additional optimization. Multiple variants were found that had better heat stability <i>in vitro</i> and efficacies against mesotrione equaling the wild-type (WT) TDO in greenhouse and field tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1502454"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tetramycin ameliorates tebuconazole·azoxystrobin to control leaf spot and viral diseases of Taizishen.","authors":"Bing Tian, Chenglin Tang, Jiaqi Liu, Boya Jin, Cheng Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1543462","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1543462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leaf spot and viral diseases are the most frequently occurring leaf problems in Taizishen production. In this study, we examined the controlling role played by the co-application of tetramycin and low dose tebuconazole·azoxystrobin against leaf spot and viral diseases in Taizishen, investigating its resistance, electrophysiological information, growth and quality. Among them, electrophysiological information indicators include electrical signals [intrinsic capacitance (IC), resistance (IR), impedance (IZ), capacitive reactance (IXc), and inductive reactance (IXL)], intracellular water metabolism, nutrient transport, and plant metabolic activity. The results indicate that 0.3% tetramycin 1000-time + 75% tebuconazole·azoxystrobin 2000-time diluent controlled leaf spot and viral diseases the best, with protection effects of 90.03%~90.46% and 71.67%~73.08% at 15~30 days after the last fungicide application, respectively. These values are obviously higher than those treated with high doses of tetramycin or tebuconazole·azoxystrobin alone. Concurrently, their combined application could notably enhance total soluble flavonoids, total soluble phenols, protective enzyme activity, IC, intracellular water metabolism, nutrient transport, and metabolic activity, while reducing its MDA, IR, IZ, IXc, and IXL. Moreover, their co-application also could obviously ameliorate photosynthesis, biomass, agronomic trait, and root growth and quality, as well as actually reduce tebuconazole·azoxystrobin input. Additionally, the control effects of leaf spot and viral diseases in Taizishen treated by their combined application exhibited significant correlations with its disease resistance, electrophysiology, photosynthesis, growth, and quality parameters. This study highlights the combined application of low-dosage tebuconazole·azoxystrobin and tetramycin as a practicable measure for controlling leaf spot and viral diseases in Taizishen, promoting its resistance, growth, and quality, as well as reducing chemical pesticide application.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1543462"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11832487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and management of a novel Danshen leaf anthracnose caused by <i>Colletotrichum karstii</i> in <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> Bunge in China.","authors":"Haoyue Ma, Liguo Huang, Lulu Guo, Shan Chen, Jiale Liu, Changyun Liu, Yanxia Dou, Xianchao Sun, Lin He, Guanhua Ma","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1526038","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1526038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Danshen (<i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> Bunge), a member of the genus <i>Salvia</i> within the <i>Lamiaceae</i> family, holds significant economic and medicinal value. Regrettably, the emergence of a novel leaf anthracnose in 2020 has significantly impacted its cultivation, leading to decreased yield and compromised quality. This newly identified pathogen was meticulously isolated from affected leaves, employing meticulous single conidia isolation techniques. Subsequent confirmation of pathogenicity was achieved through strict adherence of Koch's postulates. To ensure precise identification, morphological characteristics were supplemented with tandem sequence analysis targeting the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (<i>ITS</i>), β-tubulin (<i>TUB</i>), and histone (<i>His3</i>) regions. Combining molecular biology techniques with morphological observation and Koch's postulates, the pathogen was conclusively identified as <i>Colletotrichum karstii</i>. Further investigations focused on understanding the environmental factors influencing the mycelial growth and sporulation of the pathogen. The optimum temperature for the growth of <i>C.karstii</i> is 25°C, the suitable light conditions are 12h light/12h dark or 24h dark, and the suitable pH is 5 to 9. Utilizing BIOLOG phenotypic analysis technique, the metabolic utilization of carbon and nitrogen sources by the pathogen was assessed across different temperatures (20°C, 25°C, and 30°C). Results indicated the highest utilization rates at 25°C, particularly for arbutin and L-tryptophan. Lastly, the efficacy of 15 chemical fungicides and six botanical fungiticide against <i>C. karstii</i> was evaluated in vitro, revealing fluazinam as the most potent inhibitor against mycelial growth with <i>EC₅₀</i> of 0.0725 mg/mL for mycelium and 0.0378 mg/mL for spore germination, respectively. The 1 % osthole emulsion in water was found to have the strongest inhibitory effect on the growth of mycelium, with an EC50 value of 4.8984 µg/mL. Spore germination was most strongly inhibited by the 80 % ethylicin EC, which had an EC50 value of 0.5541 µg/mL. This study represents the first documentation of <i>C. karstii</i> as a causative agent of anthrax in Danshen, underscoring the significance of these findings for agricultural management and disease control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1526038"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11832477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}