Frontiers in Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Workflow for efficiently isolating microspore cultures of different rice genotypes by optimizing the callus induction medium.","authors":"Zhiwei Chen, Guimei Guo, Shuwei Zhang, Ting He, Shiji Feng, Chenghong Liu, Yu Wang, Longhua Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1662463","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1662463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As one of the most important staple foods in the world, rice plays a key role in global food security. Doubled haploid technology based on isolated microspore culture can shorten the time taken for rice breeding programs. However, this technology still faces many problems, such as genotypic dependency, low culture efficiency, and a shortage of skilled workers. In this study, 15 rice genotypes, comprising 12 <i>japonica</i> genotypes and 3 <i>indica</i> genotypes, were randomly selected for microspore culture research, and the effects of different callus induction media (CIMs) on callus induction were compared and the related plant regenerations were also shown. The results showed that maltose was the optimal carbon source and the CIM III was the best for callus induction by comparing the number of rice genotypes that could be induced to form calli and the callus yields. For plant differentiation, 12 of the 14 rice genotypes regenerated green seedlings, all of which were <i>japonica</i> rice genotypes. Ploidy identification showed that the spontaneous doubling rate of regenerated seedlings from isolated microspore cultures ranged from 14.3 to 98%, which was higher than that observed in anther cultures. In conclusion, this study established an isolated microspore culture method that is suitable for different rice genotypes, providing more options for using doubled haploid technology in rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1662463"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12518337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide characterization and expression divergence of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) in upland cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.) in response to abiotic stresses.","authors":"Umar Akram, Ali Ahmad, Muhammad Nadeem Shah, Furqan Ahmad, Muhammad Baber, Muhammad Tanveer Altaf, Muhammad Aneeq Ur Rahman, Önder Albayrak","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1682305","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1682305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Voltage-dependent anion channels <i>(VDACs)</i> are proteins present at the outer membrane of mitochondria that are involved in stress response, such as drought and salt, signal transduction, and cellular metabolism. The role of the <i>VDAC</i> gene family in other crops has been identified, but its role in cotton has been uncharacterized. In this study, a genome-wide study was conducted in upland cotton (<i>G. hirsutum</i> L.) under drought and salt stresses. We identified 18 <i>GhVDAC</i> genes and mapped them using the MG2C online tool. The random distribution of <i>GhVDAC</i> genes was determined using the GSDS server for their intron-exon structure. Phylogenetic analysis using MEGA. 11 software constructed the phylogenetic tree by the maximum likelihood method of 14 different species with 66 <i>VDAC</i> genes, which were distributed across four clades. All <i>p. patens VDAC</i> genes were present in a single clade, and 10 <i>GhVDAC</i> genes were found in clade IV. Ten motifs were identified, and motif 9 was absent in <i>GhVDAC3, GhVDAC9, GhVDAC10, GhVDAC11</i>, and <i>GhVDAC18.</i> Motif 10 was present in only two genes, <i>GhVDAC5</i> and <i>GhVDAC14.</i> Promoter analysis revealed cis-elements involved in hormone and stress response. Synteny and circos analysis revealed orthologous gene duplication events and evolutionary relationships. In-silico expression mapping was used to identify candidate genes, and then qRT-PCR was done for validation of <i>GhVDAC6, GhVDAC11, GhVDAC13</i>, and <i>GhVDAC15</i> genes. In conclusion, this is a genome-wide study on the <i>VDAC</i> gene family in cotton under drought and salt stress that provides insights into their structure, evolutionary relationship, and molecular mechanism, and this study lays the theoretical foundation for future breeding programs to develop resistant crops for drought and salt stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1682305"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12520018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid recovery of homozygous <i>Pr</i> gene introgression lines in Indian tropical cauliflower backgrounds through combined use of morphological and molecular markers.","authors":"Shrawan Singh, Sandeep Kumar, Vinay Verma","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1609917","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1609917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anthocyanin is a groups of secondary metabolites which are strong antioxidants. Biofortificaiton of commonly used foods for anthocyanin enhance the chances of its intake and enjoy health benefits by common people. The study aimed at rapid anthocyanin biofortification of tropical cauliflower by combining morphological and marker-assisted selections. Two tropical varieties, Pusa Ashwini (PA) and Pusa Kartiki (PK), were crossed with the donor KTPCF-1 (or PPCF-1) of the snowball group. The F₂, BC₁F₁, and F_2:3 populations from PA/PPCF-1 and PK/PPCF-1 supported a single dominant gene (<i>Pr</i>) for purple colour in both the seedling apical and curd portions. The F₂ and BC₁F₂ plants were first selected for purple curd and morphological traits specific to tropical cauliflower, namely, semi-erect leaf habit, October-November maturity, and tropical flowering habit. A total of 40 and 30 purple curding plants were selected in F₂ and BC₁F₂, respectively. Visual detection of homozygous and heterozygous purple plants was unreliable. Thus, these 70 plants were screened using two codominant (BoMYB2m and BoMYB4m) and one dominant (BoMYB3m) markers for forward selection. A total of 19 plants in F₂ and 21 plants in BC₁F₂ were found homozygous for the <i>Pr</i> gene, of which 13 F₂ plants and all 21 BC₁F₂ plants produced sufficient seeds to advance F_2:3 and BC₁F_2:3, respectively. The progenies showed a significant increase in total anthocyanin content. The marker-assisted selection (MAS)-derived <i>PrPr</i> progenies, namely, PC2304-21, PC2304-93, PC2304-64, PC6704-16, and PC6704-36, were the most promising with higher curd yield (>17.2 t/ha), hence advanced to F_3:4. These tropical-type progenies are of immediate breeding use for anthocyanin-rich varieties/hybrids to harness the associated benefits in the tropics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1609917"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12515921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145291865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alkaloid biosynthesis in medicinal crop kratom (<i>Mitragyna speciosa</i>) varies with postharvest, genetic, and seasonal factors.","authors":"Mengzi Zhang, Annabella Lyndon, Siva Rama Raju Kanumuri, Abhisheak Sharma, Brian J Pearson, Christopher R McCurdy, Jianjun Chen","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1653916","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1653916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Kratom (<i>Mitragyna speciosa</i>), a medicinally valuable ethnobotanical tree native to Southeast Asia, has traditionally been used to combat fatigue and enhance productivity. Recently, it has gained attention in North America and Europe for its potential therapeutic applications, particularly in pain management and opioid withdrawal, positioning it as a candidate for drug development. Postharvest processing is a critical stage that influences chemical transformations of bioactive compounds, yet its impact on kratom remains poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study investigated the effects of withering duration, drying temperature, cultivar, and season on kratom alkaloid composition and concentration. In Study I, leaves of cultivar Hawaii underwent four withering durations (0, 12, 24, 72 h) followed by drying at five temperatures (-40, 25, 40, 60, 80 °C). In Study II, leaves of cultivar MR-Malaysian were tested under two withering durations (0, 12 h) and two drying temperatures (25, 60 °C). Both studies were conducted across two seasons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Withering generally increased mitragynine concentrations by 14-65% (w/w) in 'Hawaii' and 3-8% in 'MR-Malaysian' in leaf alkaloid extracts. A 12-h withering followed by drying below 40 °C enhanced speciogynine and paynantheine in 'Hawaii' by 37-48% and 35-67%, respectively. Low drying temperatures preserved mitragynine, speciogynine, and paynantheine across cultivars. The average 7-hydroxymitragynine content in leaf alkaloid extracts ranged from 0.02-0.04% and was detected only in specific seasons, varying by cultivar, suggesting genotype-environment interactions.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study demonstrates for the first time that kratom alkaloid composition and concentration are substantially influenced by genotype, season, and postharvest handling. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing postharvest processing strategies to enhance beneficial alkaloid profiles in kratom.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1653916"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12516786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145291911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Plant diversification driven by genome and chromosome evolution and its reproductive and environmental correlates.","authors":"Carmen Benítez-Benítez, Angelino Carta, Marcial Escudero, Enrique Maguilla, Santiago Martín-Bravo","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1665681","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1665681","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1665681"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12515836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145292004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soft prompt-tuning for plant pest and disease classification from colloquial descriptions.","authors":"Xinlu Liu, Xinbing Li, Yi Zhu","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1668642","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1668642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The precise identification of plant pests and diseases plays a crucial role in preserving crop health and optimizing agricultural productivity. In practice, however, farmers frequently report symptoms in informal, everyday language. Traditional intelligent farming assistants are built upon domain-specific classification frameworks that depend on formal terminologies and structured symptom inputs, leading to subpar performance when faced with natural, unstructured farmer descriptions. To address this issue, we propose an innovative approach that classifies plant pests and diseases from colloquial symptom reports by leveraging soft prompt-tuning. Initially, we utilize Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) to conduct named entity recognition and retrieve domain-specific knowledge to enrich the input. Notably, this knowledge enrichment process introduces a kind of semantic alignment between the colloquial input and the acquired knowledge, enabling the model to better align informal expressions with formal agricultural concepts. Next, we apply a soft prompt-tuning strategy coupled with an external knowledge enhanced verbalizer for the classification task. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms baseline approaches, including state-of-the-art(SOTA) large language models (LLMs), in classifying plant pests and diseases from informal farmer descriptions. These results highlight the potential of prompt-tuning methods in bridging the gap between informal descriptions and expert knowledge, offering practical implications for the development of more accessible and intelligent agricultural support systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1668642"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12515834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145291815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current methods and future needs for visible and non-visible detection of plant stress responses.","authors":"Julian Cooper, Kevin Propst, Cory D Hirsch","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1585413","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1585413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As climate change alters the frequency, intensity, and co-occurrences of abiotic and biotic stresses, the effective and efficient detection of plant stress responses and resistance mechanisms is critical for safeguarding global food security. Stressful environments elicit both visible and non-visible changes in plants. Cellular and subcellular changes, often invisible to the naked eye, can serve as indicators of stress and can be quantified using molecular, ionomic, metabolomic, genomic, and transcriptomic methods. In contrast, visible responses such as discoloration, morphological changes, and disease symptoms can be monitored efficiently through atmospheric, aerial, and terrestrial remote sensing platforms. Phenotyping at the whole-plant and organ levels offers valuable insights for diagnosing stress <i>in situ</i>, providing opportunities to study plant resistance and acclimation strategies under realistic conditions. However, the complexity of plant stress responses, spanning microscopic to macroscopic scales and diverse biological processes, make it challenging for any single technology to comprehensively capture the full spectrum of reactions. Furthermore, the rising prevalence of multifactorial stress conditions highlights the need for research on synergistic and antagonistic interactions between stress factors. To effectively mitigate the impacts of stress on agriculture, future research must prioritize integrative multi-omic approaches that connect cellular and subcellular processes with morphological and phenological stress responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1585413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12515932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145291947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide association study and genome prediction of tallness trait in spinach phenotyping.","authors":"Ibtisam Alatawi, Haizheng Xiong, Hanan Alkabkabi, Kenani Chiwina, Beiquan Mou, Qun Luo, Yuejun Qu, Renjie Du, Awais Riaz, Derrick J Harrison, Ainong Shi","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1654904","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1654904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant height is a critical agronomic trait in spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i> L.), influencing both mechanical harvesting efficiency and overall yield. In this study, plant height variation was evaluated in 307 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) germplasm accessions, which were phenotyped and genotyped using 15,058 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained from whole-genome resequencing. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using the General Linear Model (GLM), Mixed Linear Model (MLM), Multiple Loci Mixed Model (MLMM), Fixed and Random Model Circulating Probability Unification (FarmCPU), and Bayesian-information and Linkage-disequilibrium Iteratively Nested Keyway (BLINK) models implemented in the Genomic Association and Prediction Integrated Tool version 3 (GAPIT3). Ten SNPs were significantly associated with plant height: (i) SOVchr1_10780051 (10,780,051 bp) on chromosome (chr) 1; (ii) SOVchr2_68062488 (68,062,488 bp) on chr 2; (iii) SOVchr4_38323167 (38,323,167 bp), SOVchr4_188084317 (188,084,317 bp), and SOVchr4_188084338 (188,084,338 bp) on chr 4; (iv) SOVchr5_70192260 (70,192,260 bp) and SOVchr5_105368320 (105,368,320 bp) on chr 5; and (v) SOVchr6_8139833 (8,139,833 bp), SOVchr6_90951127 (90,951,127 bp), and SOVchr6_91175684 (91,175,684 bp) on chr 6. Genomic prediction (GP) models were applied to estimate genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) for plant height, achieving an r-value of 0.55 using GWAS-derived SNP markers in cross-population prediction. The integration of GWAS and GP provides insights into the genetic architecture of plant height in spinach and supports marker-assisted breeding strategies to enhance crop management and economic returns.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1654904"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12515879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145291876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactive oxygen species-post translational modifications-central carbon metabolism regulatory loop: coordination of redox homeostasis and carbon flux allocation in plants under abiotic stress.","authors":"Linfeng Bao, Wenya Wang, Mengyang Li, Jie Liu, Jiahao Liu, Gulizhare Alifu, Desheng Wang, Xueqi Liang, Tingyong Mao, Yunlong Zhai","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1637328","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1637328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play dual roles in plants as signaling molecules and cytotoxic agents, making ROS homeostasis critical for abiotic stress adaptation. Numerous studies have shown that central carbon metabolism (CCM) provides the energy required for plant growth and maintains ROS homeostasis by coordinating energy distribution and reconfiguring metabolic streams under abiotic stress, providing energy and metabolites for plants to resist adverse conditions. As a crucial mechanism by which cells respond to short-term stress, post-translational modifications (PTMs) influence CCM by targeting and modifying its enzymes. This enables both energy and metabolic flow redistribution, enabling plants to balance growth and defense under stress conditions. In this review, we discuss the ROS-PTM-CCM interaction and how it improves plant adaptation to abiotic stress. We propose that ROS coordinate ROS homeostasis by mediating the feedback regulation of CCM through PTMs under abiotic stress. This review provides a theoretical basis for improving crop stress tolerance through PTM-targeted metabolic engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1637328"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12515812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145291889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome wide association analysis for biomass related traits in common vetch (<i>Vicia sativa</i> L.).","authors":"Hui Jin, Jumei Zhang, Yordan Dimtrov, Xue Yang, Ruonan Du, Yu-E Wu, Danna Chang, Rui Zhang, Haibin Zhao","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1647985","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1647985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Common vetch (<i>Vicia sativa</i> L.) is a leguminous plant widely cultivated in Asia, Europe, and the Americas, primarily used as a forage crop and green manure.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>To identify loci significantly associated with biomass related traits, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was perdormed in 172 common vetch accessions mainly from China and Europe. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained through re-sequencing, while five biomass related traits, including the fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), fresh weight per plant (PFW), dry weight per plant (PDW) and plant height (PH), were evaluated across four environments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 33 loci were identified, and explain 11.6-22.5% of the phenotypic variances. Notably, among them, <i>qPDW1.2</i> and <i>qPFW1.3</i>, <i>qPH2.1</i> and <i>qFW2.1</i>, <i>qDW4.1</i> and <i>qFW4.1</i>, <i>qPH5.1</i> and <i>qPH5.1</i>, <i>qDW6.1</i> and <i>qFW6.1</i> are overlapped or located in the same genomic region, exhibiting pleiotropic effects on two traits, and should be prioritized in further vetch breeding programs. Additionally, all the 33 loci are novel compared with previous reports. Fifteen candidate genes for biomass related traits were identified for biomass related traits, encoding ethylene-responsive transcription factors, ABC transporter family proteins, serine/threonine-protein phosphatase, cellulose synthase, and auxin-responsive proteins. Furthermore, we successfully developed and verified a kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) marker (<i>Kasp-DW1.1</i>) for dry weight. Accessions with more favorable alleles, superior biomass related traits and agronomic traits, eg. GLF295, GLF299, GLF313, GLF321, GLF325, GLF328, GLF329, GLF330, GLF331, GLF335, HZMC1382 and HZMC1487 are recommended as parental lines for further common vetch breeding.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study enhances our understanding of the genetic architecture of biomass related traits and provides available novel loci, molecular tools and outstanding varieties for improving common vetch biomass in future breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1647985"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12515951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145291938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}