Frontiers in Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Phytohormones involved in vascular cambium activity in woods: current progress and future challenges.","authors":"Wenjing Ding, Chencan Wang, Man Mei, Xiaoxu Li, Yuqian Zhang, Hongxia Lin, Yang Li, Zhiqiang Ma, Jianwei Han, Xiaoxia Song, Minjie Wu, Caixia Zheng, Jinxing Lin, Yuanyuan Zhao","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1508242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1508242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vascular cambium is the continuation of meristem activity at the top of plants, which promotes lateral growth of plants. The vascular cambium evolved as an adaptation for secondary growth, initially in early seed plants, and became more refined in the evolution of gymnosperms and angiosperms. In angiosperms, it is crucial for plant growth and wood formation. The vascular cambium is regulated by a complex interplay of phytohormones, which are chemical messengers that coordinate various aspects of plant growth and development. This paper synthesizes the current knowledge on the regulatory effects of primary plant hormones and peptide signals on the development of the cambium in forest trees, and it outlines the current research status and future directions in this field. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms holds significant potential for enhancing our ability to manage and cultivate forest tree species in changing environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1508242"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> for chrysoeriol production using synthetic biology approaches.","authors":"Saet Buyl Lee, Sung-Eun Lee, Hyo Lee, Ji-Su Kim, Hyoseon Choi, Sichul Lee, Beom-Gi Kim","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1458916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1458916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flavonoids are prevalent plant secondary metabolites with a broad range of biological activities. Their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities make flavonoids widely useful in a variety of industries, including the pharmaceutical and health food industries. However, many flavonoids occur at only low concentrations in plants, and they are difficult to synthesize chemically due to their structural complexity. To address these difficulties, new technologies have been employed to enhance the production of flavonoids <i>in vivo</i>. In this study, we used synthetic biology techniques to produce the methylated flavone chrysoeriol in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> leaves. The chrysoeriol biosynthetic pathway consists of eight catalytic steps. However, using an <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transient expression assay to examine the <i>in planta</i> activities of genes of interest, we shortened this pathway to four steps catalyzed by five enzymes. Co-expression of these five enzymes in <i>N. benthamiana</i> leaves resulted in <i>de novo</i> chrysoeriol production. Chrysoeriol production was unaffected by the <i>Agrobacterium</i> cell density used for agroinfiltration and increased over time, peaking at 10 days after infiltration. Chrysoeriol accumulation in agroinfiltrated <i>N. benthamiana</i> leaves was associated with increased antioxidant activity, a typical property of flavones. Taken together, our results demonstrate that synthetic biology represents a practical method for engineering plants to produce substantial amounts of flavonoids and flavonoid derivatives without the need for exogenous substrates.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1458916"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduce the application of phosphorus fertilizer in peanut fields and improve its efficiency by using iron modified biochar to adsorb phosphorus recovery products.","authors":"Junxiao Zhang, Xiangxi Bu, Zhenyu Huang, Changxue Wu, Xiangwen Xie","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1515584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1515584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To address the scarcity of agricultural phosphorus (P) fertilizers and reduce phosphorus accumulation in wastewater, this study employed iron-modified biochar (Fe-B) to adsorb phosphorus from water. The phosphorus-loaded iron-modified biochar (Fe-BP) was subsequently applied to peanut fields. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the optimal adsorption parameters and mechanism of Fe-B for phosphate ions (PO₄ ^3-).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The field experiment utilized a randomized complete block design, comprising the following treatments: no biochar and no P fertilizer (B0P0), no biochar with conventional phosphate fertilizer (B0P1, CK, P₂O₅ at 144 kg ha^-1), biochar with CK (B1P1), Fe-B with CK (FeB-P1), phosphorus-loaded Fe-B with CK (FeBP-P1), and phosphorus-loaded Fe-B with two-thirds CK (FeBP-P2, P₂O₅ at 96 kg ha^-1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated that the biochar dosage of 0.05 g (2 g L^-1) results in a phosphate removal rate exceeding 80%. Optimal adsorption efficiency occurs within a pH range of 6-9, with a sharp decline observed at pH values above 10. The presence of NO₃ ^-, Cl-, and SO₄ ^2- does not significantly affect the phosphate adsorption capacity of Fe-B, unlike HCO₃ ^- and CO₃ ^2-, which reduce it. After the fifth desorption and recycling process, the adsorption capacity of the biochar decreased to 24%. The peanut yield in the FeB-P1 treatment was 50.8% higher than that in the FeBP-P2 treatment. While the phosphorus recovery efficiency (REP) does not significantly differ between FeBP-P2 and B1P1 treatments, both are superior to B0P1. Moreover, FeBP-P2 facilitated the available phosphorus concentration in the root zone.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Overall, phosphorus-loaded iron-modified biochar reduced the required amount of phosphorus fertilizer, maintain peanut yield, and enhanced phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1515584"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11687223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fuzzy backstepping controller for agricultural tractor-trailer vehicles path tracking control with experimental validation.","authors":"Anzhe Wang, Yefei Wang, Xin Ji, Kun Wang, Meiling Qian, Xinhua Wei, Qi Song, Wenming Chen, Shaocen Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1513544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1513544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unmanned driving technology for agricultural vehicles is pivotal in advancing modern agriculture towards precision, intelligence, and sustainability. Among agricultural machinery, autonomous driving technology for agricultural tractor-trailer vehicles (ATTVs) has garnered significant attention in recent years. ATTVs comprise large implements connected to tractors through hitch points and are extensively utilized in agricultural production. The primary objective of current research focus on autonomous driving technology for tractor-trailers is to enable the tractor to follow a reference path while adhering to constraints imposed by the trailer, which may not always align with agronomic requirements. To address the challenge of path tracking for ATTVs, this paper proposes a fuzzy back-stepping path tracking controller based on the kinematic model of ATTVs. Initially, the path tracking kinematic error model was established with the trailer as the positioning center in the Frenet coordinate system using the velocity decomposition method. Then, the path tracking controller was designed using the back-stepping algorithm to calculate the target front wheel steering angle of the tractor. The gain coefficient was adaptively adjusted through a fuzzy algorithm. Co-simulation and experiments were conducted using MATLAB/Simulink/CarSim and a physical platform, respectively. Simulation results indicated that the proposed controller reduced the trailer's online time by 36.33%. When following a curved path, the trailer's tracking error was significantly lower than that of the Stanley controller designed for a single tractor. In actual experiments, while tracking a U-turn path, the proposed controller reduced the average absolute value of the trailer's path tracking lateral error by 65.27% and the maximum lateral error by 87.54%. The mean absolute error (MAE) values for lateral error and heading error were 0.010 and 0.016, respectively, while the integral of absolute error (IAE) values were 1.989 and 2.916, respectively. The proposed fuzzy back-stepping path tracking controller effectively addresses the practical challenges of ATTV path tracking. By prioritizing the path tracking performance of the trailer, the quality and efficiency of ATTVs during field operations are enhanced. The significant reduction in tracking errors and online time demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed controller in improving the accuracy and efficiency of ATTVs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1513544"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide association study reveals heat tolerance QTL for canopy-closure and early flowering in chickpea.","authors":"Cara Jeffrey, Brent Kaiser, Richard Trethowan, Laura Ziems","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1458250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1458250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chickpeas are a vital source of protein and starch for a large portion of the world's population and are known to be impacted by heat stress at every life stage. Previously known as an \"Orphan Legume\", little is known of the genetic control of heat stress tolerance, and most previous research has focused on heat avoidance rather than tolerance. This study utilised a population of 148 chickpea genotypes, primarily Kabulis, in 12 field trials conducted at 2 locations, two sowing periods, and across 3 years. Physiology was examined, and data was paired with Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) sequencing to perform a Genome Wide Association Study to connect phenotypic and genotypic regions. Fourteen QTL related to yield, seed size, time to flowering, time to maturity, and final canopy closure were found. Among these, are the first Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) ever identified for canopy closure in chickpea, along with a QTL that is likely linked to early flowering under heat stress. Early flowering in this case refers to a cultivar flowering significantly earlier than the others in the genotype set. Additionally, several other QTL provide validation of previous research. These QTL hotspots that can be targeted for selective breeding of several traits concurrently. Overall, new targets for genome assisted breeding for heat tolerance in chickpea were identified and can be utilised by the breeder community to improve the status of selective breeding for heat tolerance in this crop.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1458250"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do plant biostimulants affect the survival of <i>Escherichia coli</i> in lettuce?","authors":"Leonardo Fiore, Mariateresa Cardarelli, Maurizio Ruzzi, Anna Grazia Ficca, Youssef Rouphael, Francesca Luziatelli, Giuseppe Colla","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1495463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1495463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Considering that plant biostimulants can be sprayed multiple times on leafy crops even just before harvest, it is relevant to know the impact of biostimulant applications on <i>Escherichia coli</i> population dynamics of lettuce leaves to ensure food safety. Two trials were carried out to investigate whether the applications of a seaweed extract and a vegetal-derived protein hydrolysate (PH) could affect the <i>E. coli</i> growth in shake flasks (Exp. 1) and plant growth and survival of artificially inoculated <i>E. coli</i> on the leaf surface of lettuce grown in a floating system (Exp. 2).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The non-pathogenic <i>E. coli</i> strain K12 was used in both trials. In Exp. 1, biostimulants' inhibitory/stimulatory effect on <i>E. coli</i> growth was evaluated in liquid culture after 24 hours of incubation at 37°C. The 31-day agronomic trial (Exp. 2) was conducted in a polyethylene greenhouse on lettuce grown in a floating system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Exp. 1, <i>E. coli</i> growth was not affected by LB medium amended with biostimulants, whereas both biostimulants stimulated total aerobic bacteria and inhibited <i>E. coli</i> population on lettuce leaves with a more pronounced inhibitory effect of PH applications on <i>E. coli</i> (Exp. 2). Total plant biomass and its partitioning (on fresh and dry weight basis), and N concentrations (as total N and nitrates) of leaves were not influenced by both biostimulant treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of plant biostimulants could be a valuable and sustainable strategy to improve the microbiological quality of leafy greens to produce ready-to-eat foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1495463"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of polystyrene microplastics on the growth and metabolism of highland barley seedlings based on LC-MS.","authors":"Wenqi Xiao, Peng Xiang, Wenlong Liao, Zhuang Xiong, Lianxin Peng, Liang Zou, Bingliang Liu, Qiang Li","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1477605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1477605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics are widely present in the environment and can adversely affect plants. In this paper, the effects of different concentrations of microplastics on physiological indices and metabolites of highland barley were investigated for the first time using a metabolomics approach, and revealed the response mechanism of barley seedlings to polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) was revealed. The results showed that the aboveground biomass of highland barley exposed to low (10 mg/L) and medium (50 mg/L) concentrations of PS-MPs increased by 32.2% and 48.2%, respectively. The root length also increased by 16.4% and 21.6%, respectively. However, the aboveground biomass of highland barley exposed to high (100 mg/L) concentrations of PS-MPs decreased by 34.8%, leaf length by 20.7%, and root length by 25.9%. Microplastic exposure increased the levels of antioxidant activity, suggesting that highland barley responds to microplastic stress through oxidative stress. Metabolome analysis revealed that the contents of 4 metabolites increased significantly with increasing PS-MPs concentration in positive ionmode, while the contents of 8 metabolites increased significantly with increasing PS-MPs concentration in negative ionmode (<i>P</i> < 0.05), including prunin, dactylorhin E, and schisantherin B. Additionally, PS-MPs significantly interfered with highland barley flavonoid biosynthesis, pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis metabolic pathways. This study provides a new theoretical basis for a deeper understanding of the effects of different concentrations of PS-MPs on highland barley.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1477605"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of abscisic acid in promoting softening of postharvest 'Docteur Jules Guyot' pear (<i>Pyrus communis</i> L.).","authors":"Xiaofei Xu, Xinxin Zhu, Fudong Jiang, Qingyu Li, Aidi Zhang, Hongxia Zhang, Jianzhao Li","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1502623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1502623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key hormone in plant growth and development, playing a central role in responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses as well as in fruit ripening. The present study examined the impact of ABA and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) on various postharvest 'Docteur Jules Guyot' pear fruit characteristics, including firmness, pectinase activity, pectin content, volatile aromatic substances, and the expression of correlated genes. The results showed that ABA quickly reduced fruit firmness, increasing the activity of pectin degradation-related enzymes. The contents of water-soluble pectin (WSP) and ionic-soluble pectin (ISP) increased, and covalent binding pectin (CBP) decreased under ABA treatment. Among the detected volatile aromatic substances, the highest-level substance of the fruit was ester, and the ABA treatment significantly promoted the amount of ester substances. The cell wall disassembly-related genes <i>PcPME3</i>, <i>PcPG1</i>, <i>PcPG2</i>, <i>PcPL</i>, <i>PcARF2</i>, and <i>PcGAL1</i>, as well as ABA biosynthesis-related genes <i>PcNCED1</i> and <i>PcNCED2</i>, were also significantly induced by ABA. Conversely, all these genes were repressed in the NDGA treatment group. Therefore, it was speculated that ABA may promote the softening of postharvest European pear fruit by affecting the activity of pectin degradation enzymes in fruit cell walls.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1502623"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Root symbiotic fungi improve nitrogen transfer and morpho-physiological performance in <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i>.","authors":"Shirley Alquichire-Rojas, Elizabeth Escobar, Luisa Bascuñán-Godoy, Marcia González-Teuber","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1513724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1513724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1386234.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1513724"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11686890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: The impacts of the mating system and inbreeding depression in natural plant populations and crop systems.","authors":"Johanne Brunet, John K Kelly","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1528928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1528928","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1528928"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11686220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}