Frontiers in Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Root exudates in controlled environment agriculture: composition, function, and future directions.","authors":"Deniz Camli-Saunders, Camilo Villouta","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1567707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1567707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two decades of research has revealed an intricate network of root exudates in plants, which they use to interact with and mediate their surrounding environment, the rhizosphere. Prior research has been conducted mainly on model plants such as Arabidopsis or staple monoculture crops like maize, soybean, and rice, revealing crucial roles in plant growth, microbiota interaction, nutrient acquisition, and bioremediation. However, similar research has only begun to be conducted in Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) systems, leaving a considerable knowledge gap in the mechanisms, impacts, and uses of exudates in CEA. Exhaustive literature searches revealed less than two dozen articles with direct implications in CEA vegetable crop exudates. This review synthesizes the existing literature to examine the composition, functions, and influences of vegetable root exudates within CEA systems. The first section explores key compounds -including amino and organic acids, and sugars- along with mechanistic processes, and microbial interactions. The second section compares root exudates in soil-based versus hydroponic CEA systems based upon differences in substrate, (a)biotic stressors, microorganisms, and nutrient availability. By contrasting existing literature on both CEA soil-based and hydroponic systems, the section examines likely differences in exudate composition, mechanisms, and functions. The final section presents case studies from both hydroponic and soil based systems, highlighting how root exudates contribute to environmental stress mitigation, allelopathy, disease response, bio/phytoremediation, and pest control. It reveals major avenues for the use of exudates in CEA systems worldwide. Lastly, we ponder the future avenues of exploration for CEA root exudates, proposing the creation of a database for usage in smaller or organic farms and in urban agriculture settings. In conjunction, we emphasize the need for further investigation into the potential of exogenous applications of exudate-like compounds to positively impact yield, disease resistance, soil restoration, and land reclamation, especially in the context of climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1567707"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The variations of wheat-maize production, soil organic carbon, and carbon footprints: insights from a 20-year on-farm observational experiment in the North China Plain.","authors":"Ning Wang, Zhipin Ai, Qiuying Zhang, Peifang Leng, Yunfeng Qiao, Zhao Li, Chao Tian, Xinjie Shi, Hefa Cheng, Gang Chen, Fadong Li","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1547431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1547431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Climate change is a substantial threat to the global food supply, especially for the North China Plain (NCP), a critical agricultural region in China that exhibits high sensitivity and vulnerability to climate change. Under climate change, many uncertainties remain regarding crop yields, soil organic carbon (SOC), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 20-year on-farm observational study (2003-2022) of a winter wheat-summer maize rotation system was conducted to comprehensively quantify the continuous variations in crop productivity, SOC storage, GHG emissions, and carbon footprints (CFs) in the NCP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A warming trend of 0.08°C per year and an annual increase of 57 hours in sunshine duration were detected over the study period. Both wheat and maize yields showed sustained improvements, with annual rates of 70 kg ha-1 and 184 kg ha-1, respectively. Wheat yields were primarily influenced by cumulative sunshine hours in November and soil total potassium (K) content, whereas maize yields were significantly affected by wheat-season agricultural inputs (water, N, P, K fertilizers) and initial soil properties (pH, N, P, K). Although wheat production generated higher GHG emissions than maize (7,307.5 vs 2,998.7 kg CO2-eq ha-1), the wheat season transitioned into a net carbon sink (CF < 0) due to SOC accumulation (0.58 g kg-1 year-1). Conversely, SOC depletion (-0.72 g kg-1 year-1) during the maize season resulted in a carbon source status (CF > 0). This divergence likely stems from contrasting straw management practices: wheat straw incorporation at 20 cm depth versus maize straw surface mulching.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings demonstrate significant improvements in crop yields, SOC sequestration, and net ecosystem economic budget over two decades. However, the decelerating trends in yield gains and SOC accumulation rates warrant strategic attention to sustain long-term agricultural resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1547431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing environmental conditions impact the phenotypic plasticity of <i>Carex acuta</i> and <i>Glyceria maxima</i>, two common wet grassland species.","authors":"Keith R Edwards, Bernhard Glocker, Jiří Mastný, Tomáš Picek","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1542907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1542907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Maintenance of species coexistence is an important and on-going subject of plant ecology. Here, we aimed to determine how <i>Carex acuta</i> and <i>Glyceria maxima</i>, two common, co-occurring plant species in European wet grasslands, respond to changing environmental conditions and what these changes portend for coexistence of these two species. Such studies are important for predicting and modelling the effects of management and climate change on wet grassland plant species composition and for maintaining the ability of wet grasslands to provide their important ecosystem services including carbon sequestration and water purification. Based on past studies, we hypothesized that both species would be affected by hydrologic changes but that these effects would be modified by nutrient conditions with fertilization having a more positive impact on <i>G. maxima</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We established a mesocosm to distinguish the effect of hydrology and nutrients on the biomass allocation patterns of these two species to determine how environmental conditions may impact the life history traits of these two species, which would influence their ability to co-exist. Plants were grown in pots from late May to early September 2019 and subjected to two nutrient and three water level treatments. Half of the plants were harvested in July while the other half were harvested in early September and their biomass allocation patterns calculated. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted to determine the effects of the environmental treatments on the measured parameters. In addition, we determined the phenotypic plasticity of the two species and whether these showed allometric relationships to plant size.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong><i>C. acuta</i> was affected more by hydrologic changes, growing better in dry and saturated conditions, while fertilization had a more positive effect on <i>G. maxima</i>. Both species were stressed when flooded, but <i>C. acuta</i> more so than <i>G. maxima</i>. Contrary to our predictions, <i>C. acuta</i> produced more ramets and was taller than <i>G. maxima</i>. Both species showed plastic responses to changing nutrient and water conditions, but only some were related to plant size. Our results indicate that <i>C. acuta</i> and <i>G. maxima</i> are more likely to co-exist in oligo- to mesotrophic wet grasslands with fluctuating water levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1542907"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanocarrier-mediated RNAi of <i>CYP9E2</i> and <i>CYB5R</i> enhance susceptibility of invasive tomato pest, <i>Tuta absoluta</i> to cyantraniliprole.","authors":"Farman Ullah, Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi G, Hina Gul, Rudra Madhab Panda, Ghulam Murtaza, Zhijun Zhang, Jun Huang, Xiaowei Li, Nicolas Desneux, Yaobin Lu","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1573634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1573634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyantraniliprole, a second-generation anthranilic diamide, is widely used to manage lepidopteran pests, including the invasive tomato pinworm <i>Tuta absoluta</i> (Meyrick). However, cyantraniliprole's resistance mechanisms and associated fitness costs in <i>T. absoluta</i> remain underexplored. Here, we investigated the fitness costs and resistance mechanisms of cyantraniliprole-resistant strain (CyanRS) via nanocarrier-mediated RNA interference (RNAi). Results showed that the egg incubation period and developmental durations of larval and pupal stages were significantly prolonged in the CyanRS population of <i>T. absoluta</i> compared to the susceptible strain (SS). Further, the adult emergence, longevities of male and female, fecundity, and hatching rate were significantly reduced in CyanRS individuals. The mRNA expression levels of cytochrome b5 reductase (<i>CYB5R</i>) and cytochrome P450 (<i>CYP9E2</i>) were analyzed using RT-qPCR to explore their potential involvement in cyantraniliprole resistance in <i>T. absoluta</i>. Phylogenetic and motif analysis of <i>CYB5R</i> and <i>CYP9E2</i> indicated their evolutionary and functional conservation with other insect species, especially Lepidopterans. Notably, nanocarrier-encapsulated dsRNA targeting <i>CYB5R</i> and <i>CYP9E2</i> genes significantly reduced their expression levels. Further, the activity of cytochrome P450 was substantially decreased after the knockdown of the <i>CYB5R</i> and <i>CYP92</i> genes. This increased susceptibility of the resistant population of <i>T. absoluta</i> to cyantraniliprole, leading to a higher mortality rate than the controls. These findings show that <i>CYB5R</i> and <i>CYP9E2</i> might play a key role in cyantraniliprole resistance evolution in <i>T. absoluta</i>. The current study provides in-depth insights to understand the underlying mechanisms of cyantraniliprole resistance in this key invasive herbivore.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1573634"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics joint analysis reveals the mechanism of flower color and fragrance variation in <i>Lilium cernuum</i>.","authors":"Shaopeng Chen, Zhiqun Chen, Qianqian Zhuang, Hewen Chen","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1489918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1489918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Lilium cernuum</i>, a fragrant purple-red wild lily endemic to Northeast Asia, represents both ecological significance (as a key protected species) and horticultural value. While its white variant (<i>L. cernuum</i> var. <i>album</i>) exhibits distinct flower color and fragrance traits, the molecular mechanisms underlying these variations remain poorly understood. Previous studies attributed the low anthocyanin content in the white variant to LcMYB12 downregulation, yet comprehensive analyses of associated genes and metabolic pathways are lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed integrated transcriptomics, metabolomics, and volatile metabolomics to systematically compare <i>L. cernuum</i> and its white variant. We analyzed differential gene expression in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, quantified anthocyanin/flavonoid metabolites, and assessed volatile organic compound profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The white variant showed significant reductions in flavonoids (catechin, epicatechin) and anthocyanins (cyanidin, pelargonidin, peonidin), linked to the downregulation of 58 genes in the flavonoid pathway-including <i>PAL</i>, <i>C4H</i>, <i>4CL</i>, and UFGT. Critically, UFGT suppression disrupted anthocyanin glycosylation, promoting degradation and vacuolar accumulation failure. Concurrently, phenylpropanoid pathway inhibition reduced p-coumaric acid synthesis, diminishing downstream anthocyanins and volatile compounds (eugenol/methyleugenol).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our multi-omics approach reveals that flower color loss in <i>L. cernuum</i> var. album results from synergistic effects of transcriptional regulation and metabolic flux redirection. The UFGT-mediated glycosylation defect provides a novel explanation for anthocyanin instability in white petals. These findings complement prior genetic studies and establish a framework for targeted breeding of ornamental traits in Lilium species.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1489918"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of plant pathogens on potato rhizosphere enzymes and microbial dynamics.","authors":"Gaihuan Xu, Linmei Deng, Jian Dao, Wenping Wang, Chunjiang Liu, Yanli Yang, Jing Zhao, Xia Liu","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1564704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1564704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soilborne pathogens significantly impact potato productivity by altering rhizosphere enzymatic activities and microbial communities. Pathogen-induced changes in enzyme activities are correlated with shifts in microbial community composition, but causal relationships remain unclear. This study investigates the effects of five key pathogens-<i>Phytophthora infestans</i>, <i>Streptomyces scabies</i>, <i>Spongospora subterranea</i>, <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> and <i>Globodera rostochiensis</i>-on soil enzyme activities and microbial community structure in potato rhizosphere soils under continuous cropping. This experiment involved pathogen inoculation and soil sampling in potato rhizosphere soils, with treatments replicated three times. Potatoes were planted on March 22, 2023, and harvested on August 25, 2023. Enzymatic activities were measured at different growth stages, and microbial communities were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing. Pathogen-induced variations in enzymatic activities were observed, potentially promoting disease proliferation. For instance, under <i>S. scabies</i> stress, urease (URE) activity increased significantly at the full flowering and post-flowering stages, while catalase (CAT) activity decreased significantly during the seedling and full flowering stages. Under <i>S. subterranea</i> stress, activities of urease, sucrase (SUC), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased. <i>M. nematode</i> stress led to a decline in URE and sucrase activities. <i>P. infestans</i> infection led to a decrease in URE activity at the sowing stage. Furthermore, microbial community composition was significantly correlated with disease incidence, with specific taxa such as <i>Planctomycetes</i> and <i>Basidiomycota</i> showing negative correlations with <i>S. subterranea</i> incidence, while <i>Candidatus Dormibacteraeota</i> and <i>Ascomycota</i> were positively associated with <i>P. infestans</i>. These results suggest that pathogen-induced changes in enzymatic activities play a critical role in disease dynamics and microbial interactions. The findings highlight the importance of understanding the effects of soilborne pathogens on soil enzyme activities and microbial communities, providing insights into disease management strategies in potato farming.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1564704"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of nickel sulphate and lead acetate trihydrate on heavy metal stress-related gene activities in forage pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i> ssp. <i>arvense</i> L.) in Türkiye.","authors":"Seda Mesci, Muhammed İkbal Çatal","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1549488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1549488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Researching heavy metal stress in plants is of paramount importance due to the increasing prevalence of heavy metal contamination in the environment, which poses significant risks to both plant, animal, and human health. Limited data are available on heavy metal stress-related gene responses to pollutants such as nickel sulphate and lead acetate in forage peas (<i>Pisum sativum</i> ssp. <i>arvense</i>). This study aimed to investigate how specific stress-related genes respond to stress factors such as nickel sulphate and lead acetate in this plant species. In our study, we treated three cultivars of <i>Pisum sativum ssp. arvense</i> with nickel sulfate (20 and 40 mg/L) and lead acetate trihydrate (20 and 40 mg/L). We then measured the expression of heavy metal stress-related genes (APX, CAT, MT, PCS) using qRT-PCR on three pea cultivars (Kurtbey, Kirazlı, and Pembe) in Rize, Türkiye. Down-regulations in high heavy metal treatments and heavy metal gene-associated stress tolerance expressions were detected. Additionally, high up-regulations in APX, CAT, MT and PCS gene expressions were detected mostly at high nickel sulphate and lead acetate trihydrate applied rates. The study presents up-to-date contributions to biochemical and molecular data on the effects of nickel sulfate and lead acetate trihydrate toxicity on pea plants. These insights may inform strategies to breed or produce more heavy metal resistant crop varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1549488"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-genome identification of <i>HSF</i> family genes in <i>Cerasus humilis</i> and expression analysis under high-temperature stress.","authors":"Xiaopeng Mu, Jiating Zhang, Chenyi Wang, Liming Chen, Jianying Zhang, Pengfei Wang, Jiancheng Zhang, Bin Zhang, Junjie Du","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1553187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1553187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The heat shock factors (<i>HSFs</i>) play important roles in activating heat stress responses in plants. <i>Cerasus humilis</i> (<i>Ch</i>) is a nutrient-rich fruit tree that can resist various abiotic and biotic stressors. However, the <i>HSFs</i> in <i>C. humilis</i> have not yet been characterized and their roles remain unclear. In this study, 21 <i>ChHSF</i> gene members were identified after searching the entire genome of <i>C. humilis</i>. Gene structure and motif composition analysis revealed that 16 <i>ChHSF</i> genes had only one intron and the motif3 was highly conserved in family of <i>ChHSFs</i>. Furthermore, the cis-acting elements analysis indicated that they most <i>ChHSF</i>s participate in plant growth and development, abiotic stress responses, and plant hormone regulations. By analyzing the tissue specific transcriptomes, it was found that most <i>ChHSF</i> genes had higher expression levels in leaves than in other tissues of <i>C.humilis</i>. Notably, the <i>ChHSF04</i> gene exhibited a striking 115.5-, 14.4-, and 16.0-fold higher expression in leaves relative to seeds, roots, and fruits, respectively. The high temperature (40 °C) treated <i>C. humilis</i> seedlings quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted on all <i>ChHSF</i> gene members. The results show that the expression of most <i>ChHSF</i> genes in the leaves was significantly upregulated and peaked at 12 h under the heat stress and the expression levels of <i>ChHSF04</i>, <i>ChHSF05</i>, <i>ChHSF12</i>, <i>ChHSF13</i>, <i>ChHSF15</i> and <i>ChHSF16</i> exhibited 53-, 33-, 24-, 22-, 43- and 65-fold upregulation, indicating that these genes may play important roles in early response to heat stress in <i>C. humilis</i>. These results provide valuable insights into the evolutionary relationship of the <i>ChHSF</i> gene family and its role in high temperature stress responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1553187"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An animal-type Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, <i>PhNKA2</i>, is involved in the salt tolerance of the intertidal macroalga <i>Pyropia haitanensis</i>.","authors":"Rongrong Feng, Qi Chen, Yan Xu, Dehua Ji, Chaotian Xie, Wenlei Wang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1571241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1571241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intertidal red algae, are more tolerant to salt stress than terrestrial plants, contain a Na⁺ transporter (Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase) that is homologous to animal Na⁺/K⁺-ATPases. Although two Na⁺/K⁺ pump genes from Pyropia/Porphyra were cloned and their differential expression patterns under salt stress were analyzed, the regulatory mechanism of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase genes in Na⁺ expulsion and K⁺ retention process under salt stress remains largely unknown. In this study, we cloned and characterized the animal-type Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase gene <i>PhNKA2</i> in <i>Pyropia haitanensis</i>. The encoded protein was revealed to contain an N-terminal cation-transporting ATPase, E1/E2 ATPase, hydrolase, and a C-terminal cation-transporting ATPase. <i>PhNKA2</i> was highly conserved in <i>Porphyra</i>/<i>Pyropia</i>. The expression of <i>PhNKA2</i> in gametophytes was significantly induced by hypersalinity, while there was no obvious change in sporophytes. The heterologous expression of <i>PhNKA2</i> in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> clearly increased salt tolerance. Na⁺ efflux and K⁺ influx were significantly greater in the transgenic <i>C. reinhardtii</i> than in the wild-type control. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid assays suggested that the interaction between the deubiquitinating enzyme USP5 and <i>PhNKA2</i> might be critical for the deubiquitination and stabilization of important proteins during the <i>P. haitanensis</i> response to salt stress. The interaction with MSRB2, DHPS, or GDCST may prevent the oxidation of <i>PhNKA2</i>, while actin depolymerization might stimulate Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase-dependent membrane trafficking. The results of this study provide new insights into the salt tolerance of intertidal seaweed as well as the underlying molecular basis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1571241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The <i>CaSBP11</i> gene functions as a negative regulator in pepper drought stress.","authors":"Huai-Xia Zhang, Yuan Zhang, Bo-Wen Zhang, Fei-Fei Pan","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1497425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1497425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The SBP-box gene family, an exclusively plant transcription factor, is critical for plant growth, development, and adaptive responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. However, its role under non-biological stresses, specifically drought, remains overlooked in pepper plants. In our previous work, we isolated an SBP-box gene, <i>CaSBP11</i>, from the pepper genomic database. Subsequently, we employed virus-induced gene silencing, overexpression, and protein interaction experiments to investigate the function of <i>CaSBP11</i> under drought stress. Our results revealed that drought conditions significantly upregulated <i>CaSBP11</i> expression, whereas ABA treatment suppressed it. Silencing <i>CaSBP11</i> enhanced drought resistance in pepper, with increased stomatal aperture and ABA levels, and reduced stomatal density, water loss rates, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation compared to control plants. Conversely, overexpression of <i>CaSBP11</i> in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> decreased drought tolerance, with <i>CaSBP11</i>-overexpressing plants showing reduced ABA sensitivity, lower stomatal aperture and ABA levels, and increased stomatal density and ROS production compared to wild-type plants. Interestingly, under non-stress conditions, core ABA signaling genes (<i>CaPP2C</i>, <i>CaPYL9</i>, <i>CaSNRK2.4</i>, <i>CaAREB</i>) exhibited lower expression in <i>CaSBP11</i>-silenced plants compared to controls, whereas this trend was reversed in <i>CaSBP11</i>-overexpressing lines (<i>NbPP2C</i>, <i>NbAREB</i>, <i>NbSNRK2.4</i>, <i>NbSRK2E</i>). Additionally, <i>CaSBP11</i> was found to interact with <i>CaPP2C</i>, <i>CaPYL9</i>, <i>CaSNRK2.4</i>, and <i>CaAREB</i> in nucleus. These data suggest that <i>CaSBP11</i> negatively regulates plant responses to drought stress and may interact with these key genes in the ABA signaling pathway to mediate this response.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1497425"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}