Frontiers in Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Root rot in medicinal plants: a review of extensive research progress.","authors":"Yu Han, Tianqi Sun, Yuman Tang, Min Yang, Weiwei Gao, Lihong Wang, Chun Sui","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1504370","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1504370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Root rot is a general term for soil-borne diseases that cause the necrosis and decay of underground plant parts. It has a wide host range and occurs in various types of plants, including crops, horticultural crops and medicinal plants. Due to the fact that medicinal plants generally have a long growth cycle and are primarily the root and rhizome herbs. This results in root rot causing more serious damage in medicinal plant cultivation than in other plants. Infected medicinal plants have shrivel or yellowed leaves, rotting rhizomes, and even death of the entire plant, resulting in a sharp decline in yield or even total crop failure, but also seriously reduce the commercial specifications and effective ingredient content of medicinal plants. The pathogens of root rot are complex and diverse, and <i>Fusarium</i> fungi have been reported as the most widespread pathogen. With the expansion of medicinal plant cultivation, root rot has occurred frequently in many medicinal plants such as Araliaceae, Fabaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Solanaceae and other medicinal plants. This article reviews recent research progress on root rot in medicinal plants, covering various aspects such as disease characteristics, occurrence, pathogen species, damage to medicinal plants, disease mechanisms, control measures, and genetic factors. The aim is to provide reference for better control of root rot of medicinal plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1504370"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11830675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tomato mitogen-activated protein kinase: mechanisms of adaptation in response to biotic and abiotic stresses.","authors":"Yumei Shi, Zhifang Zhang, Zhenghao Yan, Honglong Chu, Changxin Luo","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1533248","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1533248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants live under various biotic and abiotic stress conditions, and to cope with the adversity and severity of these conditions, they have developed well-established resistance mechanisms. These mechanisms begin with the perception of stimuli, followed by molecular, biochemical, and physiological adaptive measures. Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) is a globally significant vegetable crop that experiences several biotic and abiotic stress events that can adversely impact its quality and production. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in tomato plants have crucial functions of mediating responses to environmental cues, internal signals, defense mechanisms, cellular processes, and plant development and growth. MAPK cascades respond to various environmental stress factors by modulating associated gene expression, influencing plant hormone synthesis, and facilitating interactions with other environmental stressors. Here, we review the evolutionary relationships of 16 tomato SlMAPK family members and emphasize on recent studies describing the regulatory functions of tomato SlMAPKs in both abiotic and biotic stress conditions. This review could enhance our comprehension of the MAPK regulatory network in biotic and abiotic stress conditions and provide theoretical support for breeding tomatoes with agronomic traits of excellent stress resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1533248"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11830615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The near-optimal adjustment of carbon and nitrogen allocations into different organs in early-season rice cultivars with drastically different yield components under nitrogen application.","authors":"Wen Ning, Lin Su, Dandan Shi, Meina Ji, Xiang Ouyang, Qingfeng Song, Caihong Shao, Xin-Guang Zhu, Shuoqi Chang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1537378","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1537378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Optimized photosynthesis and transport of photosynthate from the upper three leaves in a rice plant is critical for yield formation in rice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we selected two high-yielding early-season rice cultivars, i.e. a large-panicle inbred rice Zhongzao39 (ZZ39) and a plural-panicle hybrid rice Lingliangyou268 (LLY268) with high effective panicle number, to study the translocation of photosynthate from the flag and the basipetal 2^nd leaves to the other organs under different nitrogen application scenarios. ¹³CO₂ labeling was study the proportion of newly assimilated carbon partitioned into different organs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results demonstrate that the ratio that ¹³C assimilated in the flag leaves and the basipetal 2^nd leaves, and the distribution ratio ¹³C in the organs of ZZ39 and LLY268 cultivars were not affected by nitrogen application. However, at the booting stage, the translocation rate of photosynthate was slower under N150 compared with CK in both flag and the basipetal 2^nd leaves labeled with ¹³C. At the grain filling stage, an average of 51% of photosynthetic products labeled with 13C was translocated to the panicle in both cultivars under CK treatment; in contrast, only 43% of leaf photosynthate was translocated to panicles in the N150 treatment. At maturity, the photosynthate labeled with ¹³C distribution ratio in the panicle was greater in the basipetal 2^nd leaves than in the flag leaves for ZZ39, whereas the opposite was observed in LLY268. These different photosynthate allocation patterns and their responses to nitrogen application were linked with their corresponding tiller number and number of grains per panicle.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study shows that early-season rice has the ability to flexibly adapt their carbon and nitrogen allocation patterns to gain optimized yield components for higher yield under different nitrogen status. Early season rice can be used as a model system to study the growth strategy selection of plants to changing environment conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1537378"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11830607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive spatial-channel feature fusion and self-calibrated convolution for early maize seedlings counting in UAV images.","authors":"Zhenyuan Sun, Zhi Yang, Yimin Ding, Boyan Sun, Saiju Li, Zhen Guo, Lei Zhu","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1496801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1496801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate counting of crop plants is essential for agricultural science, particularly for yield forecasting, field management, and experimental studies. Traditional methods are labor-intensive and prone to errors. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology offers a promising alternative; however, varying UAV altitudes can impact image quality, leading to blurred features and reduced accuracy in early maize seedling counts. To address these challenges, we developed RC-Dino, a deep learning methodology based on DINO, specifically designed to enhance the precision of seedling counts from UAV-acquired images. RC-Dino introduces two innovative components: a novel self-calibrating convolutional layer named RSCconv and an adaptive spatial feature fusion module called ASCFF. The RSCconv layer improves the representation of early maize seedlings compared to non-seedling elements within feature maps by calibrating spatial domain features. The ASCFF module enhances the discriminability of early maize seedlings by adaptively fusing feature maps extracted from different layers of the backbone network. Additionally, transfer learning was employed to integrate pre-trained weights with RSCconv, facilitating faster convergence and improved accuracy. The efficacy of our approach was validated using the Early Maize Seedlings Dataset (EMSD), comprising 1,233 annotated images of early maize seedlings, totaling 83,404 individual annotations. Testing on this dataset demonstrated that RC-Dino outperformed existing models, including DINO, Faster R-CNN, RetinaNet, YOLOX, and Deformable DETR. Specifically, RC-Dino achieved improvements of 16.29% in Average Precision (AP) and 8.19% in Recall compared to the DINO model. Our method also exhibited superior coefficient of determination (R²) values across different datasets for seedling counting. By integrating RSCconv and ASCFF into other detection frameworks such as Faster R-CNN, RetinaNet, and Deformable DETR, we observed enhanced detection and counting accuracy, further validating the effectiveness of our proposed method. These advancements make RC-Dino particularly suitable for accurate early maize seedling counting in the field. The source code for RSCconv and ASCFF is publicly available at https://github.com/collapser-AI/RC-Dino, promoting further research and practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1496801"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11841422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in genome editing tools for genetic studies and crop improvement.","authors":"Asadollah Ahmadikhah, Homa Zarabizadeh, Shahnoush Nayeri, Mohammad Sadegh Abbasi","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1370675","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1370675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid increase in global population poses a significant challenge to food security, compounded by the adverse effects of climate change, which limit crop productivity through both biotic and abiotic stressors. Despite decades of progress in plant breeding and genetic engineering, the development of new crop varieties with desirable agronomic traits remains a time-consuming process. Traditional breeding methods often fall short of addressing the urgent need for improved crop varieties. Genome editing technologies, which enable precise modifications at specific genomic loci, have emerged as powerful tools for enhancing crop traits. These technologies, including RNA interference, Meganucleases, ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas systems, allow for the targeted insertion, deletion, or alteration of DNA fragments, facilitating improvements in traits such as herbicide and insect resistance, nutritional quality, and stress tolerance. Among these, CRISPR/Cas9 stands out for its simplicity, efficiency, and ability to reduce off-target effects, making it a valuable tool in both agricultural biotechnology and plant functional genomics. This review examines the functional mechanisms and applications of various genome editing technologies for crop improvement, highlighting their advantages and limitations. It also explores the ethical considerations associated with genome editing in agriculture and discusses the potential of these technologies to contribute to sustainable food production in the face of growing global challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1370675"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11830681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolome and transcriptome analysis reveal the pigments biosynthesis pathways in different color fruit peels of <i>Clausena lansium</i> L. <i>Skeels</i>.","authors":"Zhichang Zhao, Mark Owusu Adjei, Ruixiong Luo, Huaping Yu, Yali Pang, Jian Wang, Yu Zhang, Jun Ma, Aiping Gao","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1496504","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1496504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The color of <i>Clausena lansium</i> L. <i>Skeels</i> cv. <i>Jixin</i> fruit peel is brown (BP), while the mutant cv. <i>Zijin</i> had purple fruit peels (PP). The coloration of the peels was attributed to significant differences in chlorophyll, carotenoid, and anthocyanin content between BP and PP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study investigates the biosynthetic metabolic activities in the brown and purple peels of <i>Clausena lansium</i> L. <i>Skeels</i> using metabolomics and transcriptomics. It aims to identify metabolic pathways and differentially expressed genes related to flavonoids and anthocyanins biosynthesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PP (purple peel) has higher levels of a-carotene and b-carotene but lower levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and lutein compared to BP. Zeaxanthin was absent from both peels, suggesting that the b-carotene hydroxylase enzyme is not active. Both peels contain delphinidin-based (Dp) and cyanidin-based (Cy) anthocyanins, but not pelargonidin-based (Pg). The total anthocyanin content and the Dp/Cy ratio are higher in PP than in BP. The delphinidin, cyanidin, and mallow derivatives in the PP were significantly higher than in the BP. The increase of total anthocyanin content and Dp/Cy ratio may be the main reason for the peel color changing from brown to purple. The significant increase of F3H expression in purple peels suggested a higher efficiency of catalyzing the conversion of naringenin into dihydroflavonols in the PP, leading to the higher content of total anthocyanin. Despite the significant increase of FLS expression in PP, the contents of kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin significantly decreased, suggesting that the increase of FLS expression did not lead to an increase in flavonol biosynthesis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The competition between F3'H and F3'5'H may determine the ratio of Dp/Cy, the higher levels of F3'H, F3'5'H, and UFGT expression, lead to the increase accumulation of total anthocyanin and Dp/Cy in PP. The deficiency of Pg in both peels resulted from the substrate specificity of the DFR enzyme. The research also describes the transition in color from BP to PP and details of the biosynthetic pathways for carotenoids and anthocyanins, elucidating the molecular processes underlying anthocyanin production.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1496504"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11825772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TomatoGuard-YOLO: a novel efficient tomato disease detection method.","authors":"Xuewei Wang, Jun Liu","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1499278","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1499278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tomatoes are highly susceptible to numerous diseases that significantly reduce their yield and quality, posing critical challenges to global food security and sustainable agricultural practices. To address the shortcomings of existing detection methods in accuracy, computational efficiency, and scalability, this study propose TomatoGuard-YOLO, an advanced, lightweight, and highly efficient detection framework based on an improved YOLOv10 architecture. The framework introduces two key innovations: the Multi-Path Inverted Residual Unit (MPIRU), which enhances multi-scale feature extraction and fusion, and the Dynamic Focusing Attention Framework (DFAF), which adaptively focuses on disease-relevant regions, substantially improving detection robustness. Additionally, the incorporation of the Focal-EIoU loss function refines bounding box matching accuracy and mitigates class imbalance. Experimental evaluations on a dedicated tomato disease detection dataset demonstrate that TomatoGuard-YOLO achieves an outstanding mAP50 of 94.23%, an inference speed of 129.64 FPS, and an ultra-compact model size of just 2.65 MB. These results establish TomatoGuard-YOLO as a transformative solution for intelligent plant disease management systems, offering unprecedented advancements in detection accuracy, speed, and model efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1499278"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11825831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recognition and localization of ratoon rice rolled stubble rows based on monocular vision and model fusion.","authors":"Yuanrui Li, Liping Xiao, Zhaopeng Liu, Muhua Liu, Peng Fang, Xiongfei Chen, Jiajia Yu, Jinlong Lin, Jinping Cai","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1533206","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1533206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ratoon rice, as a high-efficiency rice cultivation mode, is widely applied around the world. Mechanical righting of rolled rice stubble can significantly improve yield in regeneration season, but lack of automation has become an important factor restricting its further promotion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In order to realize automatic navigation of the righting machine, a method of fusing an instance segmentation model and a monocular depth prediction model was used to realize monocular localization of the rolled rice stubble rows in this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>To achieve monocular depth prediction, a depth estimation model was trained on training set we made, and absolute relative error of trained model on validation set was only 7.2%. To address the problem of degradation of model's performance when migrated to other monocular cameras, based on the law of the input image's influence on model's output results, two optimization methods of adjusting inputs and outputs were used that decreased the absolute relative error from 91.9% to 8.8%. After that, we carried out model fusion experiments, which showed that CD (chamfer distance) between predicted 3D coordinates of navigation points obtained by fusing the results of the two models and labels was only 0.0990. The CD between predicted point cloud of rolled rice stubble rows and label was only 0.0174.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1533206"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11825797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of carrot (<i>Daucus carota L.)</i> varieties for growth and yield as affected by NPSB fertilizer rates in Gondar district, Ethiopia.","authors":"Abebaw Mulugeta, Fentahun Asrat, Derajew Asres, Shiferaw Mebrat","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1505302","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1505302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carrot (<i>Daucus carota</i> L.) is one of the most important root crops grown worldwide and in Ethiopia. However, its production and productivity are low due to a lack of improved varieties and unbalanced fertilizer rates, among other factors. The field experiment was, therefore, conducted to determine the performance of carrot varieties through blended fertilizer rates at Gondar district for a consecutive period of two years. The treatment consisted of six rates of blended NPSB (Nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and Boron) fertilizer (0, 40.6, 81.3, 122, 162.3, and 203.4 kg ha^-1) and two carrot varieties (Haramay-I and Nantes), which were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main effect of blended NPSB received in 162.3 kg ha^-1 obtained the highest root diameter (3.38 cm), root length (20.93 cm), and root volume (110.60 mm). The main effect of the year was also the maximum number of leaves (10.3), root diameter (2.96 cm), root length (20.09 cm), and root volume (89.20 mm) recorded from the 2021 planting year. On the other hand, in the interaction of variety and NPSB, the highest root fresh weight (134.48 g plant^-1) was obtained from the Haramaya-I variety and the application of 162.3 NPSB kg ha^-1, while the lowest (57.13 g plant^-1) was recorded by the Nantes variety with control. The highest dry matter (13.67%), marketable (50.77 t ha^-1) and total (55.32 t ha^-1) root yields were recorded from the interaction of 162.3 kg NPSB ha^-1 and Haramaya-I variety. Therefore, the planting season and varietal selection should be considered in the carrot production area.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1505302"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11825501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The key metabolic genes and networks regulating the fruit acidity and flavonoid of <i>Prunus mume</i> revealed via transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses.","authors":"Xuan Gao, Shuangshuang Wu, Guosheng Lv, Mengyang Wang, Lingxiang Li, Yahui Liu, Feng He, Jiaxin Xiao","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1544500","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1544500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The acidic taste of Mei fruit (<i>Prunus mume</i>) is a major contributor to its quality, but its formation mechanism remains unclear. Here, we unraveled the networks of organic acid and flavonoid metabolism in two Mei fruit. The results showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly concentrated in the processes of carbohydrate derivative binding, carboxylic acid, and organic acid metabolism. While the differentially accumulated metabolites were mainly associated with flavone and flavonol biosynthesis and amino acid and carbon metabolism. Moreover, we identified key metabolites, such as citric and succinic acids, which may be central to the development of acidity in Mei fruit, and determined that they are under the regulatory influence of specific genes, including <i>galactinol-sucrose-galactosyltransferase 5</i>, <i>mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase NPK1-like</i>, <i>glutamate receptor</i>, and <i>chalcone isomerase</i>. Furthermore, transcription factors <i>ERF027</i>, <i>bHLH92</i>, <i>bHLH35</i>, and <i>WRKY23</i> were identified as potential pivotal regulators within these networks. These results provide new insights into the metabolic regulation of acidity and flavonoid in Mei fruit.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1544500"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11825340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}