Frontiers in Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Optimizing drought tolerance in cassava through genomic selection.","authors":"Weverton Gomes da Costa, Massaine Bandeira E Souza, Camila Ferreira Azevedo, Moyses Nascimento, Carolina Vianna Morgante, Jerônimo Constantino Borel, Eder Jorge de Oliveira","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1483340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1483340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The complexity of selecting for drought tolerance in cassava, influenced by multiple factors, demands innovative approaches to plant selection. This study aimed to identify cassava clones with tolerance to water stress by employing truncated selection and selection based on genomic values for population improvement and genotype evaluation <i>per se</i>. The Best Linear Unbiased Predictions (BLUPs), Genomic Estimated Breeding Values (GEBVs), and Genomic Estimated Genotypic Values (GETGVs) were obtained based on different prediction models via genomic selection. The selection intensity ranged from 10 to 30%. A wide range of BLUPs for agronomic traits indicate desirable genetic variability for initiating genomic selection cycles to improve cassava's drought tolerance. SNP-based heritability (<i>h</i> ²) and broad-sense heritabilities (<i>H</i> ²) under water deficit were low magnitude (<0.40) for 8 to 12 agronomic traits evaluated. Genomic predictive abilities were below the levels of phenotypic heritability, varying by trait and prediction model, with the lowest and highest predictive abilities observed for starch content (0.15 - 0.22) and root length (0.34 - 0.36). Some agronomic traits of greater importance, such as fresh root yield (0.29 - 0.31) and shoot yield (0.31 - 0.32), showed good predictive ability, while dry matter content had lower predictive ability (0.16 - 0.22). The G-BLUP and RKHS methods presented higher predictive abilities, suggesting that incorporating kinship effects can be beneficial, especially in challenging environments. The selection differential based on a 15% selection intensity (62 genotypes) was higher for economically significant traits, such as starch content, shoot yield, and fresh root yield, both for population improvement (GEBVs) and for evaluating genotype's performance per (GETGVs). The lower costs of genotyping offer advantages over conventional phenotyping, making genomic selection a promising approach to increasing genetic gains for drought tolerance in cassava and reducing the breeding cycle to at least half the conventional time.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1483340"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UV-B induced flavonoid accumulation and related gene expression in blue- grained wheat at different periods of time.","authors":"Li Li, Guofei Jiang, Hanxue Li, Junna Liu, Ping Zhang, Qianchao Wang, Liubin Huang, Shan Zhang, Xuqin Wang, Lingyuan Zhang, Yutao Bai, Peng Qin","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1520543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1520543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>UV-B can be used as an additional technique for nutrient accumulation in blue-grained wheat, which has special nutritional properties due to its blue starch layer. The concentration of flavonoids in blue-grained wheat under UV-B irradiation is extremely important for further investigation and exploitation of the nutritional properties of blue-grained wheat.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This investigation focuses on the expression of flavonoids and associated genes in blue-grained wheat using transcriptomic and metabolomic analyzes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The metabolome revealed 1846 compounds and 340 flavonoids after UV-B irradiation. Under UV-B irradiation, the amount of flavonoid metabolites decreased over time, but flavones and flavanols increased, and flavones and flavanols were more diverse and abundant. The content of some flavonoids of blue-grain wheat in period 2 was significantly higher under UV-B irradiation than its check and other periods of different treatments. There are 42344 differentially expressed genes identified from transcriptomic analysis, including 151 genes associated with the flavonoid pathway. The genes for the enzymes <i>FLS</i>, <i>ANR</i>, <i>HCT</i>, <i>CYP75A</i> and <i>CYP73A</i> are more abundant, with <i>F3H</i> and <i>FLS</i> showing higher expression levels.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The expression of these genes decreased after early UV-B irradiation, but increased later. In the joint WGCNA study of the two groups, the <i>FLS</i> enzyme gene <i>LOC123125079</i> plays an important role in the response of blue-grained wheat to UV-B irradiation. Our findings help to identify essential genes and processes that allow blue-grained wheat to respond appropriately to UV-B irradiation, which is critical for the accumulation of flavonoids and other bioactive compounds in colored wheat, maximising its nutritional properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1520543"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11684391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interspecific association of herbaceous plant communities on different slope orientations and at different altitudes in central Yunnan grasslands.","authors":"Rui Gong, He-de Gong","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1461576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1461576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Understanding the response of herbaceous plants to habitat changes and the mechanisms of vegetation succession is crucial to the theoretical foundation of the conservation of local vegetation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Plots were established at elevations of 1900-2200m, 2200-2500m, and 2500-2800m on both shady and sunny slopes. Four statistical methods 2×2 contingency table χ²-test, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, AC joint coefficient, 17 and Ochiai Index, were employed to analyze the species composition and interspecific associations within each elevation band and aspect.</p><p><strong>Important findings: </strong>(1) the number of herbaceous plant species was greater on the sunny slope than on the shady slope; the number of species was higher in the2 elevation bands of 1900-2200m and 2200-2500m than in 2500-2800m. (2) Both AC joint coefficient and Ochiai Index revealed that the interspecific connectivity increased as elevation increased on the shady slope, although the highest interspecific connectivity was observed in the 2200-2500m elevation rather than other two elevations on the sunny slope. (3) Negative associations among species pairs were more prevalent than positive associations on both the shady and sunny slopes at all elevations,indicating a high level of negative interspecific associations and connectivity. (4) χ²-test values and Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated that it was a relatively unstable community.However, an overall more stable community on the shady slope.The influence of altitude and slope orientation on interspecific associations has wide applications in multiple fields. By deeply understanding the role of these environmental factors, scientists, agricultural workers, forestry managers, and protectors can better carry out work in resource management, species conservation, climate change adaptation, and other aspects.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1461576"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slow-release boron fertilizer improves yield and nutritional profile of <i>Beta vulgaris</i> L. grown in Northeast China by increasing boron supply capacity.","authors":"Zhenzhen Wu, Xiaoyu Zhao, Jean Wan Hong Yong, Shafaque Sehar, Muhammad Faheem Adil, Muhammad Riaz, Krishan K Verma, Meiyu Li, Jialu Huo, Songlin Yang, Baiquan Song","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1441226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1441226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The northeastern part of China is a traditional sugar beet cultivation area where the soils are classified generally as the black and albic soil types with low boron (B) availability. Boron fertilizer can increase soil B content and significantly improve crop yield and quality. At present, the effects of slow-release B fertilizer on beet root yield and quality remain unclear. Two sugar beet varieties KWS1197 and KWS0143 were selected as the research materials; and biologically evaluated with three dosage rates of 0, 15, and 30 kg ha^-1 in two soil types. Results showed that slow-release B fertilizer (30 kg ha^-1) improved sugar beet net photosynthetic rate (13.6%) and transpiration rate (9.8%), as well as enhanced dry matter accumulation and the transfer to underground parts (23.1%) for higher root yield (1.4 to 9.7% in black soil and 3.5-14.2% in albic soil). Specifically, boron fertilizer greatly increased root B accumulation, as evidenced by decreasing amino N and Na contents alongside increasing surose (Pol) content. Slow-release B fertilizer increased white sugar yield by 3.5 to 35.7% in black soil and 5.8 to 20.8% in albic soil. In conclusion, applying slow-release B fertilizer is an effective strategy to increase sugar beet yield and quality in northeast China, with a recommended application rate of 30 kg ha^-1. These findings established a baseline for formulating effective and futristic fertilizer for sugar beet.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1441226"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interaction networks of small rubber particle proteins in the latex of <i>Taraxacum koksaghyz</i> reveal diverse functions in stress responses and secondary metabolism.","authors":"Silva Melissa Wolters, Natalie Laibach, Jenny Riekötter, Kai-Uwe Roelfs, Boje Müller, Jürgen Eirich, Richard M Twyman, Iris Finkemeier, Dirk Prüfer, Christian Schulze Gronover","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1498737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1498737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Russian dandelion (<i>Taraxacum koksaghyz</i>) is a promising source of natural rubber (NR). The synthesis of NR takes place on the surface of organelles known as rubber particles, which are found in latex - the cytoplasm of specialized cells known as laticifers. As well as the enzymes directly responsible for NR synthesis, the rubber particles also contain small rubber particle proteins (SRPPs), the most abundant of which are SRPP3, 4 and 5. These three proteins support NR synthesis by maintaining rubber particle stability. We used homology-based searches to identify the whole <i>TkSRPP</i> gene family and qPCR to create their spatial expression profiles. Affinity enrichment-mass spectrometry was applied to identify TkSRPP3/4/5 protein interaction partners in <i>T. koksaghyz</i> latex and selected interaction partners were analyzed using qPCR, confocal laser scanning microscopy and heterologous expression in yeast. We identified 17 SRPP-like sequences in the <i>T. koksaghyz</i> genome, including three apparent pseudogenes, 10 paralogs arranged as an inverted repeat in a cluster with <i>TkSRPP3/4/5</i>, and one separate gene (<i>TkSRPP6</i>). Their sequence diversity and different expression profiles indicated distinct functions and the latex interactomes obtained for TkSRPP3/4/5 suggested that TkSRPP4 is a promiscuous hub protein that binds many partners from different compartments, whereas TkSRPP3 and 5 have more focused interactomes. Two interactors shared by TkSRPP3/4/5 (TkSRPP6 and TkUGT80B1) were chosen for independent validation and detailed characterization. TkUGT80B1 triterpenoid glycosylating activity provided first evidence for triterpenoid saponin synthesis in <i>T. koksaghyz</i> latex. Based on its identified interaction partners, TkSRPP4 appears to play a special role in the endoplasmic reticulum, interacting with lipidmodifying enzymes that may facilitate rubber particle formation. TkSRPP5 appears to be involved in GTPase-dependent signaling and TkSRPP3 may act as part of a kinase signaling cascade, with roles in stress tolerance. TkSRPP interaction with TkUGT80B1 draws a new connection between TkSRPPs and triterpenoid saponin synthesis in <i>T. koksaghyz</i> latex. Our data contribute to the functional differentiation between TkSRPP paralogs and demonstrate unexpected interactions that will help to further elucidate the network of proteins linking TkSRPPs, stress responses and NR biosynthesis within the cellular complexity of latex.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1498737"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and characterization of <i>CmPP2C31</i> playing a positive role in the abiotic stress resistance of Chinese chestnut via an integrated strategy.","authors":"Xuan Wang, Wenli Shang, Mingyuan Li, Fei Cao, Dongsheng Wang, Meng Wang, Yi Lu, Haie Zhang, Fei Shen, Jing Liu","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1491269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1491269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chinese chestnut (<i>Castanea mollissima</i> Blume) is an important economic forest tree species and mainly cultivated in mountainous areas and wastelands, subjecting it to various abiotic stresses. The protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) genes contributes largely to stress responses in plants. However, the characteristics and functions of <i>PP2C</i> genes in <i>C. mollissima</i> remain unknown. This study provides comprehensive analyses (including phylogenetic, synteny, RNA-seq, transgenic and yeast one-hybrid methods) revealing the characteristics of <i>CmPP2C</i> gene, which plays an important role in response to abiotic stress. Here, we identified 68 <i>CmPP2Cs</i> in the Chinese chestnut genome, and analyzed their characteristics and phylogenetic relationships. Furthermore, synteny analysis revealed that segmental and tandem duplication drove the expansion of the <i>CmPP2C</i> family to adapt to natural environmental pressures. RNA sequencing and co-expression analyses indicated that four hub <i>CmPP2Cs</i> in two key modules probably play important roles in the resistance to abiotic stress in chestnut. Among them, <i>CmPP2C31</i> was significantly down-regulated under drought stress. Transgenic experiments via pollen magnetofection revealed that <i>CmPP2C31</i> could positively and significantly regulate the drought resistance of Chinese chestnut seedlings. Subcellular localization showed that CmPP2C31 was a nuclear protein. Yeast one-hybrid assays suggested that EVM0007407 could regulate <i>CmPP2C31</i> expression by binding to its promoter, thereby participating in abiotic stress resistance. These findings in our study provided detailed information on the <i>CmPP2C</i> family genes and laid a foundation for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of resistance to abiotic stress chestnut.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1491269"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating a new alarming outbreak of <i>flavescence dorée</i> in Tuscany (Central Italy): molecular characterization and <i>map</i> gene typing elucidate the complex phytoplasma ecology in the vineyard agroecosystem.","authors":"Athos Pedrelli, Marco Carli, Alessandra Panattoni, Elisa Pellegrini, Domenico Rizzo, Cristina Nali, Lorenzo Cotrozzi","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1489790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1489790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Flavescence dorée</i> (FD) is a major grapevine disease in Europe, despite the quarantine status of its causal agent [FD phytoplasma (FDp)] and the mandatory monitoring and vector control practices. As alarming FD epidemic outbreaks continue to appear in Tuscany (Central Italy), a 4-year survey was carried out in the main wine-growing areas of the region, where FD presence was investigated in both primary and secondary FDp hosts and vectors, i.e., <i>Vitis vinifera</i> (VV), <i>Clematis vitalba</i> (CV), <i>Alnus glutinosa</i> (AG), <i>Scaphoideus titanus</i> (ST), and <i>Dictyophara europaea</i> (DE). This work i) confirmed FD diffusion in almost the whole of Tuscany and even with an increased occurrence rate (approximately 50% of the samples tested positive); ii) highlighted a complex FDp ecology also in the Tuscan vineyard agroecosystem, as FDp was reported not only in VV and ST but also in secondary vectors (DE) and hosts (AG and CV); iii) reported nine FDp strains (three of which were novel) belonging to all the three methionine aminopeptidase (<i>map</i>) clusters, i.e., <i>map</i>-FD1, <i>map</i>-FD2, and <i>map</i>-FD3, with the <i>map</i>-FD3/M51 genotype mostly reported in not only VV but also DE and CV; and iv) further confirmed a complex FDp ecology in the vineyard agroecosystem, also by phylogenetic analyses carried out at both Italian and European levels, which also showed some relations between the Tuscan FDp strains and those reported in the Balkan and the French scenarios. We believe that the outcomes reported here will be useful in preventing and controlling the spread of harmful FD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1489790"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11681383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and analysis of major latex protein (<i>MLP</i>) family genes in <i>Rosa chinensis</i> responsive to <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> infection by RNA-seq approaches.","authors":"Haoyuan Chen, Qingkui Li, Peilei Cheng, Taotao Yan, Chunlan Dong, Zhe Hou, Peihuang Zhu, Changbing Huang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1511597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1511597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Roses (<i>Rosa chinensis</i>) are among the most cherished ornamental plants globally, yet they are highly susceptible to infections by <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, the causative agent of gray mold disease. Here we inoculated the resistant rose variety 'Yellow Leisure Liness' with <i>B. cinerea</i> to investigate its resistance mechanisms against gray mold disease. Through transcriptome sequencing, we identified 578 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were significantly upregulated at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-inoculation, with these genes significantly enriched for three defense response-related GO terms. Further domain analysis of the genes in these GO terms reveal that 21 DEGs contain the Bet v 1 family domain, belonging to the major latex protein (<i>MLP</i>) gene family, suggesting their potential key role in rose disease resistance. Furthermore, we systematically identified 46 <i>RcMLP</i> genes in roses and phylogenetically categorized them into two distinct subfamilies: group I and II. Genomic duplication analysis indicates that tandem duplication is the main driver for the expansion of the <i>RcMLP</i> family, and these genes have undergone by purifying selection. Additionally, detailed analyses of gene structure, motif composition, and promoter regions reveal that <i>RcMLP</i> genes contain numerous stress-responsive elements, with 32 <i>RcMLP</i> genes harboring fungal elicitor/wound-responsive elements. The constructed potential transcription factor regulatory network showed significant enrichment of the ERF transcription factor family in the regulation of <i>RcMLP</i> genes. Gene expression analysis reveal that DEGs are mainly distributed in subfamily II, where four highly expressed genes (<i>RcMLP13</i>, <i>RcMLP28</i>, <i>RcMLP14</i>, and <i>RcMLP27</i>) are identified in a small branch, with their fold change exceeding ten folds and verified by qRT-PCR. In summary, our research results underscore the potential importance of the <i>RcMLP</i> gene family in response to <i>B. cinerea</i> infection and provide comprehensive basis for further function exploration of the <i>MLP</i> gene family in rose resistance to fungal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1511597"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling physiological disorders in onion and garlic: critical assessment and bibliometric visualization.","authors":"Rajiv B Kale, Kiran Khandagale, Sendhil Ramadas, Abhishek Dilip Gavhane, Pranjali Gedam, Vijay Mahajan","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1500917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1500917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Onion and garlic are economically important vegetable crops cultivated worldwide. Numerous pests and diseases affect the quality and yield of these crops. In addition to diseases and pests, several physiological disorders affect onion and garlic. The physiological disorders are abnormalities caused by intercultural operations, nutrient management, environmental factors, genetic regulation, etc. These physiological disorders significantly affect the yield and quality of onion and garlic, leading to monetary losses to the farmers. The following physiological disorders are commonly reported in onion: premature bolting, sprouting in storage, watery scale, doubling/twins, basal plate split, and thick neck. Premature sprouting and rubberization are the main physiological anomalies observed in garlic. The present review described the symptoms of these physiological abnormalities, the factors responsible, and ways to avoid or minimise the occurrence of these abnormalities to subsequently reduce the losses of the growers. Further, we also performed bibliometric analysis using the SCOPUS database. This is the first review that describes the progress of research on physiological disorders in onion and garlic in detail, which will positively increase awareness about such important aspects of onion and garlic. Further, it will provide insight to researchers for developing innovative strategies, cultural practices, and varieties to control these physiological abnormalities of onion and garlic.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1500917"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broad-spectrum resistance to fungal foliar diseases in wheat: recent efforts and achievements.","authors":"Amira M I Mourad, Asmaa A M Ahmed, P Stephen Baenziger, Andreas Börner, Ahmed Sallam","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1516317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1516317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wheat (<i>Triticum</i> spp.) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. Several diseases affect wheat production and can cause 20-80% yield loss annually. Out of these diseases, stripe rust, also known as yellow rust (<i>Puccinia striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i>), stem rust (<i>Puccinia graminis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i>), leaf rust (<i>Puccinia recondita</i>), and powdery mildew (<i>Blumeria graminis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i>) are the most important fungal diseases that infect the foliar part of the plant. Many efforts were made to improve wheat resistance to these diseases. Due to the continuous advancement in sequencing methods and genomic tools, genome-wide association study has become available worldwide. This analysis enabled wheat breeders to detect genomic regions controlling the resistance in specific countries. In this review, molecular markers significantly associated with the resistance of the mentioned foliar diseases in the last five years were reviewed. Common markers that control broad-spectrum resistance in different countries were identified. Furthermore, common genes controlling the resistance of more than one of these foliar diseases were identified. The importance of these genes, their functional annotation, and the potential for gene enrichment are discussed. This review will be valuable to wheat breeders in producing genotypes with broad-spectrum resistance by applying genomic selection for the target common markers and associated genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1516317"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}