Frontiers in Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Prediction of secondary metabolites in hydroponically produced tomatoes: multivariate influence of abiotic climatic factors as well as photosynthesis and transpiration rates.","authors":"Grigorij Devadze, Dennis Dannehl, Annika Nerlich, Uwe Schmidt, Stefan Streif","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1543699","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1543699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is the first study who presents an approach to predict secondary metabolites content in tomatoes using multivariate time series classification of greenhouse sensor data, which includes climatic conditions as well as photosynthesis and transpiration rates. The aim was to find the necessary conditions in a greenhouse to determine the maximum content of secondary metabolites, as higher levels in fruits can promote human health. For this, we defined multiple classification tasks and derived suitable classification function. Cross-validated high accuracy results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. Considering a period of three weeks, we found that PPFD levels between 396.0 μmol/m²s and 511.2 μmol/m²s as well as transpiration rates ranging from 4.4 mg H₂O/m²s to 7.47 mg H₂O/m²s were observed as optimal for the contents of beta carotene, lutein, and lycopene. Optimal contents for naringenin and phloretin diglucoside can be achieved at lower PPFD ranges from 229.4 μmol/m²s to 431.2 μmol/m²s and from 35.76 μmol/m²s to 262.28 μmol/m²s and at lower transpiration rates from 4.71 to 6.47 mg H₂O/m²s and from 3.04 to 4.26 mg H₂O/m²s, respectively. It was discovered for the first time that, photosynthesis rates also play a significant role in the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Photosynthesis rates between 0.39 μmol CO₂/m²s and 1.21 μmol CO₂/m²s over three weeks were crucial for the optimal accumulation of phenolic acids such as caffeic acid derivates, coumaric acid hexoside, ferulic acid hexoside and coumaroylquinic acids as well as for quercetin and flavonoid. An optimal temperature range between 20.94 and 21.53°C and a PPFD from 250.0 to 375.2 μmol/m²s was classified as beneficial to synthesize these compounds. Optimal light intensity for the total phenolic acids (129.35 - 274.34 μmol/m²s) and for the total flavonoids (31.24 - 249.31 μmol/m²s), the optimum relative humidity levels are between 83.45 - 91.29% and 87.13 - 91.29%, respectively. Based on these results, this study provides the first evidence that the impact of a single climate factor on secondary metabolites in tomato fruits should not be considered in isolation, but rather, all climatic factors during a growth period must be taken into account to predict the optimal accumulation of individual phenolic compounds and carotenoids in tomatoes. Our results have laid the headstone to help growers target their climate controls to maximize the health-promoting phytochemicals in tomatoes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1543699"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of begomoviruses and DNA satellites associated with weeds and intercrops: a potential threat to sustainable production of cassava in Côte d'Ivoire.","authors":"Aya Ange Naté Yoboué, Bekanvié S M Kouakou, Justin S Pita, Boni N'Zué, William J-L Amoakon, Kan Modeste Kouassi, Linda Patricia L Vanié-Léabo, Nazaire K Kouassi, Fatogoma Sorho, Michel Zouzou","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1448189","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1448189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cassava (<i>Manihot esculenta</i> Crantz) plays a significant role in the livelihoods of people in Africa, particularly in Côte d'Ivoire. However, its production is threatened by begomoviruses which cause huge yield losses. Some weeds and food crops intercropped with cassava act as reservoirs, thereby facilitating the sustenance and propagation of Cassava mosaic begomoviruses (CMBs), along with other begomoviruses. To effectively manage these diseases, it is imperative to enhance our understanding of the various hosts of cassava viruses in Côte d'Ivoire. Thus, a comprehensive nationwide survey was conducted in 2017 in cassava fields across Côte d'Ivoire, and molecular analyses were performed on the samples collected. The results obtained from this survey indicated that 65 plant species belonging to 31 families were potential alternative hosts for CMBs in Côte d'Ivoire. The molecular analyses revealed that four species, <i>Capsicum annuum</i>, <i>Solanum melongena</i>, <i>Centrosema pubescens</i>, and <i>Asystasia gangetica</i> exhibited differential affinities for both African cassava mosaic virus and East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus. Additionally, other begomoviruses and new alphasatellites were identified. Soybean chlorotic blotch virus was isolated from <i>C. pubescens</i> while West African Asystasia virus 1, West African Asystasia virus 2, and a new Asystasia yellow mosaic alphasatellite were isolated from <i>A. gangetica</i> which appears to be a plant species that could favor the emergence of new viral species harmful to cassava cultivation. This study offers insights that will inform the development of more effective control methods for sustainable cassava production in Côte d'Ivoire.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1448189"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11896984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing drought tolerance in <i>Pisum sativum</i> and <i>Vicia faba</i> through interspecific interactions with a mixed inoculum of <i>Rhizobium laguerreae</i> and non-host beneficial rhizobacteria.","authors":"Asma Hami, Imane El Attar, Najoua Mghazli, Salah Ennajeh, El Houcine Ait-Ouakrim, Meryeme Bennis, Said Oulghazi, Bouabid Badaoui, Jamal Aurag, Laila Sbabou, Kaoutar Taha","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1528923","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1528923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Harnessing plant growth-promoting rhizobia presents a sustainable and cost-effective method to enhance crop performance, particularly under drought stress. This study evaluates the variability of plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits among three strains of <i>Rhizobium laguerreae</i> LMR575, LMR571, and LMR655, and two native PGP strains <i>Bacillus</i> LMR698 and <i>Enterobacter aerogenes</i> LMR696. The primary objective was to assess the host range specificity of these strains and their effectiveness in improving drought tolerance in three legume species: <i>Pisum sativum</i>, <i>Vicia faba</i>, and <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>In-vitro</i> experiments were conducted to assess the PGP traits of the selected strains, including phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, and siderophore production. Greenhouse trials were also performed using a mixed inoculum of performing strains to evaluate their effects on plant physiological and biochemical traits under drought conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant variability in PGP traits was observed among the strains. <i>R. laguerreae</i> LMR655 exhibited the highest phosphate solubilization (113.85 mg mL^-1 PO₄ ^2-), while <i>R. laguerreae</i> LMR571 produced the highest IAA concentration (25.37 mg mL^-1). <i>E. aerogenes</i> LMR696 demonstrated 82% siderophore production. Symbiotic interactions varied, with <i>R. laguerreae</i> LMR571 and LMR655 forming associations with <i>P. sativum</i> and <i>V. faba</i>, but none establishing compatibility with <i>P. vulgaris</i>. Greenhouse experiments showed that a mixed inoculum of <i>R. laguerreae</i> LMR571, LMR655, and <i>E. aerogenes</i> LMR696 significantly improved proline, total soluble sugars, proteins, and chlorophyll content under drought stress, with <i>V. faba</i> showing the strongest response.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings highlight the importance of strain selection based on host specificity and PGP potential. The enhanced drought tolerance observed suggests that tailored microbial inoculants can improve legume resilience in water-limited environments. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing bioinoculant formulations to enhance crop performance under drought stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1528923"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11898328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveals the mechanisms of function loss of <i>Lr29</i> leaf rust resistance gene at high temperatures in wheat.","authors":"Liwen Wang, Yang Yu, Hang Li, Mingzhu Lu, Shubo Cao, Ziqi Li, Haoyuan Song, Laszlo Purnhauser, Jinlong Li, Jiajie Wu","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1537921","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1537921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leaf rust (LR) is one of the most common diseases of wheat. The resistance gene <i>Lr29</i> provides wide resistance to LR, but loses its function under high temperatures. Despite the importance of this gene, the mechanism of resistance is unclear. In this study we investigated the resistance mechanism of the <i>Lr29</i> gene to LR at the seedling stage, as well as the reasons behind the loss of gene function at high temperatures by using integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses. Results suggests that the pathways of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could be due to expression of genes including LOX (lipoxygenase), APX (ascorbate peroxidase) and GST (glutathione S-transferase), play a key role in the resistance of <i>Lr29</i> to LR, furthermore flavonoids, such as epicatechin, cosmosiin, apiin, vitexin and rutin, were identified as the key metabolites linked to <i>Lr29</i> resistance. We also found that, at high temperatures, <i>Lr29</i> downregulated the genes and metabolites associated with glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, while genes and metabolites related to the shikimic acid pathway were upregulated. This study might provide a valuable theoretical foundation for the cloning of the <i>Lr29</i> gene, the analysis of its disease resistance mechanism, and the understanding of how temperature affects gene function.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1537921"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A protocol for high-quality sectioning for tree-ring anatomy.","authors":"Marina V Fonti, Georg von Arx, Maryline Harroue, Loïc Schneider, Daniel Nievergelt, Jesper Björklund, Rashit Hantemirov, Vladimir Kukarskih, Cyrille B K Rathgeber, Nadja-Tamara Studer, Patrick Fonti","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1505389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1505389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quantitative wood anatomy (QWA), which involves measuring wood cell anatomical characteristics commonly on dated tree rings, is becoming increasingly important within plant sciences and ecology. This approach is particularly valuable for studies that require processing a large number of samples, such as those aimed at millennial-long climatic reconstructions. However, the field faces significant challenges, including the absence of a publicly available comprehensive protocol for efficiently and uniformly producing high-quality wood thin sections for QWA along dated tree-ring series. This issue is especially critical for more brittle subfossil wood, in addition to fresh material from living trees. Our manuscript addresses these challenges by providing a detailed protocol for producing thin anatomical sections of wood and digital images, specifically tailored for long chronologies of tree-ring anatomy with an emphasis on conifer wood. The protocol includes step-by-step procedures for sample preparation, sectioning, and imaging, ensuring consistent and high-quality results. By offering this well-tried-and-tested protocol, we aim to facilitate reproducibility and accuracy in wood anatomical studies, ultimately advancing research in this field. It aims to serve as a reference for researchers and laboratories engaged in similar work, promoting standardized practices and enhancing the reliability of QWA data.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1505389"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional analysis and interaction networks of Rboh in poplar under abiotic stress.","authors":"Jing Wang, Xiaojiao Liu, Yude Kang, Aizhong Liu, Ping Li","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1553057","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1553057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Plant respiratory burst oxidase homologs (Rbohs) are essential in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and play critical roles in plant stress responses. Despite their importance, Rbohs in poplar species remain under-explored, especially in terms of their characteristics and functional diversity across different species within the same genus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we employed bioinformatics methods to identify 62 Rboh genes across five poplar species. We analyzed the gene structure, physical properties, chromosomal distribution, and cis-elements. Additionally, we used qRT-PCR to examine the expression of <i>PyRbohs</i> (<i>Populus yunnanensis Rbohs</i>) under various stress treatments and yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays to confirm interactions with calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All identified Rboh genes consistently contained six conserved functional domains and were classified into four distinct groups (I-IV). The number of Rboh members across poplar species was consistent with evolutionary patterns. These Rbohs exhibited relatively conserved amino acid lengths (832-989) and shared basic protein characteristics, including cell membrane localization. Chromosomal distribution analysis revealed an uneven distribution of <i>PyRbohs</i> across chromosomes, with abundant collinearity pairs among different plant species, indicating tandem segment duplications and a shared evolutionary origin within group members. Cis-element analysis identified stress-responsive and hormone signaling-related elements. qRT-PCR demonstrated the upregulation of <i>PyRbohs</i> under salt, drought, PEG, and ABA treatments. Protein interaction predictions using the STRING database identified potential functional mechanisms of <i>PyRbohs</i>, including interactions with CPKs. Y2H assays confirmed the interaction between <i>PyRbohs</i> and CPKs, suggesting that CPK binding might regulate <i>PyRboh</i> activity and ROS production.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Overall, these findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary, structural, and functional diversity of poplar Rbohs. They highlight promising candidate genes for enhancing stress tolerance in poplar species and lay a foundation for future research on the molecular mechanisms underlying Rboh-mediated stress responses in poplar.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1553057"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of straw return on greenhouse gas emissions from maize fields in China: meta-analysis.","authors":"Qi Sun, Xue-Jia Gu, Yu-Feng Wang, Hong-Sheng Gao, Xiao-Jun Wang, Xue-Li Chen, Si-Miao Sun","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1493357","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1493357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>An increase in the amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere causes global warming, and >14% of all GHG emissions come from agricultural activities. The three primary atmospheric GHGs are CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O; therefore, regulating GHG emissions from agroecosystems is important for global climate management. Straw return is an environmentally friendly agricultural practice that positively affects crop production and soil fertility. However, its effects on long-term GHG emissions remain controversial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To examine the impact of straw return on GHG emissions from Chinese maize fields, 281 data pairs from 45 publications were assessed using a data meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings demonstrated substantial increases in CO₂ and N₂O emissions of 140 and 40%, respectively. Methane emissions increased by 3% after straw return, and the maximum effect value of CO₂ emissions was 2.66 at nitrogen rates<150 kg/hm². The effect value of CH₄ emissions increased with an decrease in soil organic content, and the effect value of CH₄ emissions changed from negative to positive at concentrations >6 g/kg. With a nitrogen rate increase, N₂O emission effects under straw return initially increased and then decreased. N₂O emissions increased significantly when nitrogen rates were<250 kg/hm². The results of a random forest model showed that the most important factor affecting CO₂ and N₂O emissions from corn fields under straw return was the amount of nitrogen applied, and the most important factor affecting CH₄ emissions from corn fields under straw return was soil organic carbon content.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This shows that a suitable straw return can achieve the mutually beneficial goal of guaranteeing food security and minimizing adverse effects on the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1493357"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fate of biodegradable polylactic acid microplastics in maize: impacts on cellular ion fluxes and plant growth.","authors":"Shijia Bao, Xi Wang, Jianxiong Zeng, Le Yue, Zhenggao Xiao, Feiran Chen, Zhenyu Wang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1544298","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1544298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The widespread application of biodegradable microplastics (MPs) in recent years has resulted in a significant increase in their accumulation in the environment, posing potential threats to ecosystems. Thus, it is imperative to evaluate the distribution and transformation of biodegradable MPs in crops due to the utilization of wastewater containing MPs for irrigation and plastic films, which have led to a rising concentration of biodegradable MPs in agricultural soils. The present study analyzed the uptake and transformation of polylactic acid (PLA) MPs in maize. Seed germination and hydroponic experiments were conducted over a period of 5 to 20 days, during which the plants were exposed to PLA MPs at concentrations of 0, 1, 10, and 100 mg L^-1. Low concentrations of PLA MPs (1 mg L^-1 and 10 mg L^-1) significantly enhanced maize seed germination rate by 52.6%, increased plant shoot height by 16.6% and 16.9%, respectively, as well as elevated aboveground biomass dry weight by 133.7% and 53.3%, respectively. Importantly, depolymerization of PLA MPs was observed in the nutrient solution, resulting in the formation of small-sized PLA MPs (< 2 μm). Interestingly, further transformation occurred within the xylem sap and apoplast fluid (after 12 h) with a transformation rate reaching 13.1% and 27.2%, respectively. The enhanced plant growth could be attributed to the increase in dissolved organic carbon resulting from the depolymerization of PLA MPs. Additionally, the transformation of PLA MPs mediated pH and increase in K⁺ flux (57.2%, 72 h), leading to acidification of the cell wall and subsequent cell expansion. Our findings provide evidence regarding the fate of PLA MPs in plants and their interactions with plants, thereby enhancing our understanding of the potential impacts associated with biodegradable plastics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1544298"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptional and metabolic analysis of oleic acid synthesis in seedless and tenera oil palm species.","authors":"Wen Xu, Jerome Jeyakumar John Martin, Xinyu Li, Xiaoyu Liu, Shunghong Cheng, Hongxing Cao","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1557544","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1557544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The oil palm (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i> Jacq.) is a perennial oilseed crop whose mesocarp produces palm oil rich in the unsaturated fatty acid oleic acid, known for its oxidative stability and cardiovascular health benefits. However, the regulatory mechanisms and pathways responsible for variations in oleic acid biosynthesis during fruit development remain inadequately elucidated. The study examined the mesocarp of oil palm fruits from three developmental stages in seedless and Tenera varieties to evaluate oleic acid content. Fruits from Seedless (MS) and Tenera (MT) oil palms, pollinated for 95 days (MS1 and MT1), 125 days (MS2 and MT2), and 185 days (MS3 and MT3), were analyzed using metabolomics via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RNA sequencing was conducted to profile gene expression associated to oleic acid biosynthesis and accumulation. Differential genes and metabolites were mapped and functionally enriched through KEGG pathway analysis. The result revealed that <i>SAD</i>, <i>FabD</i>, <i>LACS6</i>, <i>BC</i>, <i>FabB</i>, and <i>FabI</i> were positively associated with oleic acid content, whereas <i>LACS9</i> exhibited either a negative or strongly negative correlation. By integrating metabolomic and transcriptomic techniques, this study elucidates the distinct mechanisms of oleic acid biosynthesis in seedless and thin-shelled oil palm varieties. These findings provide a scientific foundation for enhancing oleic acid content and improving the quality of oil palm-derived products.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1557544"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser biospeckle as a method to investigate the short-term effects of far-red light on an arugula (<i>Eruca sativa</i> Mill) plant.","authors":"Hibiki Igarashi, Takeshi Baba, Kairi Takemura, Takahiro Kono, Hirofumi Kadono, Jun Yamada, Uma Maheswari Rajagopalan","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1496790","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1496790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With rapid climate change, it has been increasingly difficult to grow different crops, and as an alternative method, artificial cultivation in controlled environments has evolved into a new sustainable agriculture practice. However, the cost of having a controlled environment has become a major issue, and investigations have been conducted to develop cost-saving and efficient cultivation techniques. One research focus is on the utilization of stimulating appropriate photoreceptors for a certain time by far-red (FR) light to influence plant development. Here, we propose a novel laser biospeckle method, a non-destructive and real-time measurement method for the speedy evaluation of FR effects on arugula (<i>Eruca sativa</i> Mill) plants. Laser biospeckles are formed from the interference of scattered light from the organelles within the biological tissue, and the intensity of such speckles varies due to displacements within the tissue. In the experiment, while illuminating with FR and red (R) LED light of 735 nm and 630 nm, respectively, for a duration of 120 s to 300 s, the leaves of an arugula plant were irradiated simultaneously with laser light of 852 nm to obtain biospeckles. Video clips were recorded using a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera at 15fps for 20 s. Correlations between the first and the subsequent frames were calculated to investigate the differences in the internal activity with exposure to FR and were characterized by a parameter named biospeckle activity (BA). Experiments were done with the healthiness and the age of the plant as parameters. It was found that depending on the healthiness of the plants, under short durations of 120s FR, BA and thus the internal activity within the leaves increased compared to the long duration of 300s FR. Further, a 1-month-old plant was found to have a faster decay of correlation and thus a steep increase in BA compared to that for a 3-month-old plant. Our results suggest that BA could be used as a measure to investigate the effects of FR or FR plus R in plant development within a timeframe of a few minutes, and thus can be employed as a complementary measurement technique for the speedier investigation of FR effects on plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1496790"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}