Frontiers in Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"DPD-YOLO: dense pineapple fruit target detection algorithm in complex environments based on YOLOv8 combined with attention mechanism.","authors":"Cong Lin, Wencheng Jiang, Weiye Zhao, Lilan Zou, Zhong Xue","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1523552","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1523552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the development of deep learning technology and the widespread application of drones in the agricultural sector, the use of computer vision technology for target detection of pineapples has gradually been recognized as one of the key methods for estimating pineapple yield. When images of pineapple fields are captured by drones, the fruits are often obscured by the pineapple leaf crowns due to their appearance and planting characteristics. Additionally, the background in pineapple fields is relatively complex, and current mainstream target detection algorithms are known to perform poorly in detecting small targets under occlusion conditions in such complex backgrounds. To address these issues, an improved YOLOv8 target detection algorithm, named DPD-YOLO (Dense-Pineapple-Detection YOU Only Look Once), has been proposed for the detection of pineapples in complex environments. The DPD-YOLO model is based on YOLOv8 and introduces the attention mechanism (Coordinate Attention) to enhance the network's ability to extract features of pineapples in complex backgrounds. Furthermore, the small target detection layer has been fused with BiFPN (Bi-directional Feature Pyramid Network) to strengthen the integration of multi-scale features and enrich the extraction of semantic features. At the same time, the original YOLOv8 detection head has been replaced by the RT-DETR detection head, which incorporates Cross-Attention and Self-Attention mechanisms that improve the model's detection accuracy. Additionally, Focaler-IoU has been employed to improve CIoU, allowing the network to focus more on small targets. Finally, high-resolution images of the pineapple fields were captured using drones to create a dataset, and extensive experiments were conducted. The results indicate that, compared to existing mainstream target detection models, the proposed DPD-YOLO demonstrated superior detection performance for pineapples in situations where the background is complex and the targets are occluded. The mAP@0.5 reached 62.0%, representing an improvement of 6.6% over the original YOLOv8 algorithm, Precision increased by 2.7%, Recall improved by 13%, and F1-score rose by 10.3%.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1523552"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11810954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen fixation rates and aerial root production among maize landraces.","authors":"Layne N Connolly, Nicola Lorenz, Keyvan Maleki, Noah Kayafas, Richard P Dick, Kristin L Mercer","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1502884","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1502884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Mexico, the center of maize origin (<i>Zea mays</i> ssp. <i>mays</i>), there are landraces from the highlands that develop extensive aerial root systems which secrete a carbohydrate-rich mucilage. This mucilage produces a favorable environment for nitrogenase activity by diazotrophs. This plant-microbial interaction enables the fixation of nitrogen (N) from the atmosphere, reducing the required N that otherwise must come from the soil and/or fertilizers. The objective of this research was to investigate the degree to which other landraces of maize and nutrient management affect aerial root growth and the ability of maize to perform and benefit from N₂ fixation. In two replicated field experiments in Columbus, Ohio, USA in 2019 and 2020, we planted 21 maize landraces and three improved varieties with and without fertilizer to measure their growth, production of aerial roots, and rate of atmospheric N₂ fixation using the ¹⁵N natural abundance method. Maize accessions varied in the growth rate and number of nodes with aerial roots. Up to 36% of plant N was derived from the atmosphere, with values varying by accession, the reference plant used, and the fertilizer level. Moreover, there was a positive relationship between early growth parameters and numbers of nodes with aerial roots, which, in turn, predicted the amount of N derived from the atmosphere. Thus, larger seedlings may experience enhanced root growth and thereby benefit more from N fixation. By phenotyping a diverse set of maize accessions with and without fertilizer, this study explores both environmental and quantitative genetic variation in the traits involved in N fixation capacity, clarifying that N fixation found in the Sierra Mixe landrace is more broadly distributed than previously thought. In sum, farmers stewarding genetic diversity in a crop center of origin have preserved traits essential for biological symbioses that contribute to maize's nutrient requirements. These traits may enable maize crops grown by Mexican farmers, and farmers globally, to benefit from N fixation from the atmosphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1502884"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11811074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trade-off strategies between growth and defense of spring ephemeral plants in early spring.","authors":"Liben Pan, Tianqi Wang, Vladimir L Gavrikov, Xiaorui Guo, Liqiang Mu, Zhonghua Tang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1503169","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1503169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Spring ephemeral plants represent a unique ecological category of herbaceous plants, characterized by early blooming and vivid flowers with significant ornamental value. Understanding the adaptive strategies of spring ephemerals is crucial for the introduction and cultivation of early spring plants, as well as for optimizing light energy utilization and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated 26 functional traits across four spring ephemerals and four spring non-ephemeral plants along an elevation gradient. By establishing a plant functional trait network, we examined the adaptation strategies of early spring plants at different elevations and compared the differences in adaptation strategies between two types of plants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Spring ephemerals exhibited higher concentrations of carbon and nitrogen, lower concentrations of carbohydrates, higher edge density and modularity in trait networks, and stronger linkages between defense traits. Plants at higher elevations demonstrated higher leaf dry matter content and leaf total flavonoid concentration, and lower nitrogen concentration, influenced by temperature, precipitation, and soil nutrients.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results demonstrated that spring ephemerals have a strong nutrient uptake capacity, and adopt resource competition strategies to rapidly accumulate nutrients and reproduce. The plants at higher elevations adopt more conservative strategies, with trait networks showing increased modularity, edge density, and closer correlations among traits to enhance resource utilization. This study provides new insights into the adaptive strategies of spring ephemerals by demonstrating how plants allocate resources for growth and defense through the regulation of trait variation and correlations among traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1503169"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11810948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of molybdenum supply on crop performance through rhizosphere soil microbial diversity and metabolite variation.","authors":"Muhammad Shoaib Rana, Dikhnah Alshehri, Rui-Long Wang, Muhammad Imran, Yousif Abdelrahman Yousif Abdellah, Faiz Ur Rahman, Marfat Alatawy, Hanaa Ghabban, Amany H A Abeed, Cheng-Xiao Hu","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1519540","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1519540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molybdenum (Mo) deficiency is a global problem in acidic soils, limiting plant growth, development, and nutrient availability. To address this, we carried out a field study with two treatments, i.e., Mo applied (+Mo) and without Mo (-Mo) treatment to explore the effects of Mo application on crop growth and development, microbial diversity, and metabolite variations in maize and soybean cropping systems. Our results indicated that the nutrient availability (N, P, K) was higher under Mo supply leading to improved biological yield and nutrient uptake efficiency in both crops. Microbial community analysis revealed that <i>Proteobacteria</i> and <i>Acidobacteria</i> were the dominant phyla in Mo treated (+Mo) soils for both maize and soybean. Both these phyla accounted together 39.43% and 57.74% in -Mo and +Mo, respectively, in soybean rhizosphere soil, while they accounted for 44.51% and 46.64% in maize rhizosphere soil. This indicates more variations among the treatments in soybean soil compared to maize soil. At a lower taxonomic level, the diverse responses of the genera indicated the specific bacterial community adaptations to fertilization. <i>Candidatus Koribacter</i> and <i>Kaistobacter</i> were commonly significantly higher in both crops under Mo-applied conditions in both cropping systems. These taxa, sharing similar functions, could serve as potential markers for nutrient availability and soil fertility. Metabolite profiling revealed 8 and 10 significantly differential metabolites in maize and soybean, respectively, under +Mo treatment, highlighting the critical role of Mo in metabolite variation. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of Mo in shaping soil microbial diversity by altering metabolite composition, which in turn may enhance the nutrient availability, nutrient uptake, and plant performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1519540"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11811785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide association scan and candidate gene analysis for seed coat color in sesame (<i>Sesamum indicum</i> L.).","authors":"Mohammed Elsafy, Wafa Badawi, Ahmed Ibrahim, Elamin Hafiz Baillo, Prabin Bajgain, Tilal Sayed Abdelhalim, Mahbubjon Rahmatov","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1541656","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1541656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Seed coat color in sesame is a crucial trait for breeding programs as it is closely associated with important characteristics such as oil content, protein levels, and disease resistance, which directly influence seed quality and market value.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study investigates the genetic basis of seed coat color in 200 Sudanese sesame genotypes grown for two consecutive years through comprehensive phenotyping, genomic diversity analysis, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and candidate gene discovery.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Phenotypic analysis across two growing seasons revealed high heritability and significant correlations among color parameters (L*, a*, and b*), indicating strong genetic control over seed coat color. The genomic analysis identified distinct clusters among sesame accessions, with rapid linkage disequilibrium decay suggesting a high level of recombination. GWAS identified significant SNPs associated with seed coat color traits, revealing key genomic regions on chromosomes 3, 6, 9, 12, and 13. Candidate gene analysis highlighted several genes, including <i>DOF</i> zinc finger proteins and <i>WRKY</i> transcription factors, which may play essential roles in pigment biosynthesis pathways. These findings provide valuable insights for breeding programs to enhance desirable seed coat color traits in sesame.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1541656"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11810960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of new powdery mildew resistant lines in garden pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.) using induced mutagenesis and validation of resistance for the <i>er1</i> and <i>er2</i> gene through molecular markers.","authors":"Akhilesh Sharma, Devinder Kumar Banyal, Vinod Janardan Dhole, Bansuli, Ranbir Singh Rana, Rajesh Kumar, Prabhat Kumar, Nimit Kumar, Srishti, Arshia Prashar, Vivek Singh, Anoushka Sharma","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1501661","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1501661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Powdery mildew (PM) caused by <i>Erysiphie pisi</i> Syd. is the most devastating disease of pea, affecting fresh pea production as well as the quality of the marketable harvest worldwide. The efforts were made to develop PM-resistant mutants of popular pea varieties \"Lincoln\" and \"Azad P-1\" through induced mutations by following gamma irradiation (300, 400, 500, and 600 Gy) and chemical mutagenesis, i.e., ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) (0.3% and 0.4%). The screening of 13,868 M₂ progenies at Kukumseri (summer season) followed by M₃ generation at Palampur (winter season) resulted in the isolation of six putative PM-resistant mutants. The rigorous evaluation of these progenies under <i>in vivo</i> (field screening) and <i>in vitro</i> (artificial screening under greenhouse conditions and using the detached leaf assay method) conditions over the years resulted in the isolation of three PM-resistant mutants, viz., L-40-1014, L-0.3-139, and AP-0.3-129. SSR markers \"PSMPSAD60 d\" and \"PSMPA5 c\" linked to the <i>er-1</i> gene indicated the presence of the \"<i>er1</i>\" gene in the mutant L-0.3-139 while the <i>er-2</i> gene-linked SCAR marker \"ScX171400\" and SSR marker \"AD141\" indicated the probability of the \"<i>er-2</i>\" gene in mutant L-40-1014. The known markers linked to PM resistance genes could not be validated in the mutant AP-0.3-129, suggested to identify new markers linked to PM resistance. These PM-resistant mutants can be promising candidates as the new source of resistance for future pea breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1501661"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11810882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maize transcriptome profiling reveals low temperatures affect photosynthesis during the emergence stage.","authors":"Manja Božić, Dragana Ignjatović Micić, Violeta Anđelković, Nenad Delić, Ana Nikolić","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1527447","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1527447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Earlier sowing is a promising strategy of ensuring sufficiently high maize yields in the face of negative environmental factors caused by climate change. However, it leads to the low temperature exposure of maize plants during emergence, warranting a better understanding of their response and acclimation to suboptimal temperatures.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>To achieve this goal, whole transcriptome sequencing was performed on two maize inbred lines - tolerant/susceptible to low temperatures, at the 5-day-old seedling stage. Sampling was performed after 6h and 24h of treatment (10/8°C). The data was filtered, mapped, and the identified mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs were quantified. Expression patterns of the RNAs, as well as the interactions between them, were analyzed to reveal the ones important for low-temperature response.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Genes involved in different steps of photosynthesis were downregulated in both genotypes: <i>psa, psb, lhc</i>, and <i>cab</i> genes important for photosystem I and II functioning, as well as <i>rca, prk, rbcx1</i> genes necessary for the Calvin cycle. The difference in low-temperature tolerance between genotypes appeared to arise from their ability to mitigate damage caused by photoinhibition: <i>ctpa2, grx, elip, UF3GT</i> genes showed higher expression in the tolerant genotype. Certain identified lncRNAs also targeted these genes, creating an interaction network induced by the treatment (XLOC_016169-<i>rca</i>; XLOC_002167-XLOC_006091-<i>elip2</i>). These findings shed light on the potential mechanisms of low-temperature acclimation during emergence and lay the groundwork for subsequent analyses across diverse maize genotypes and developmental stages. As such, it offers valuable guidance for future research directions in the molecular breeding of low-temperature tolerant maize.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1527447"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11810925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of histone deacetylase in Arabidopsis root calli promotes <i>de novo</i> shoot organogenesis.","authors":"Qinwei Pan, Ruirui Huang, Qiong Xiao, Xuting Wu, Baoxia Jian, Yanan Xiang, Lijun Gan, Zongrang Liu, Yi Li, Tingting Gu, Huawei Liu","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1500573","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1500573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>De novo</i> organogenesis from somatic cells to the entire plant represents a remarkable biological phenomenon, but the underlying regulatory mechanism, particularly at the epigenetic level, remains obscure. In this work, we demonstrate the important role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in shoot organogenesis. HDAC inhibition by trichostatin A (an HDAC inhibitor) at the callus induction stage promotes shoot formation in wounded roots and circumvents tissue wounding to initiate shoot regeneration in unwounded roots. This HDAC inhibition-mediated promotion of shoot organogenesis in wounded roots is associated with the concomitant upregulation of the wound signaling pathway (<i>WOUND INDUCED DEDIFFERENTIATION 4, ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION1, ISOPENTENYLTRANSFERASE 5</i>, <i>CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 2</i> etc.) and the ARF-LBD pathway (<i>AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 19, LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES-DOMAIN 29</i>, etc.) and the downregulation of auxin biosynthesis and reduced auxin content. Furthermore, inhibiting HDACs enhances the local enrichment of histone 3 lysine 9/lysine 14 acetylation at <i>ISOPENTENYLTRANSFERASE 5</i>, supporting the role of histone acetylation in its transcriptional regulation. On the other hand, the HDAC inhibition-associated activation of shoot organogenesis from unwounded roots is coupled with increased expression of the <i>ARF-LBD</i> pathway gene <i>LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES-DOMAIN 29</i> while bypassing the wound signaling or auxin biosynthetic genes. These findings provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying <i>de novo</i> shoot organogenesis and lay a foundation for the improvement of plant transformation technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1500573"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11807735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of crop production in controlled environment agriculture through breeding.","authors":"Krishna Bhattarai, Andrew B Ogden, Sudeep Pandey, Germán V Sandoya, Ainong Shi, Amol N Nankar, Murukarthick Jayakodi, Heqiang Huo, Tao Jiang, Pasquale Tripodi, Chris Dardick","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1524601","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1524601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Controlled environment agriculture (CEA) represents one of the fastest-growing sectors of horticulture. Production in controlled environments ranges from highly controlled indoor environments with 100% artificial lighting (vertical farms or plant factories) to high-tech greenhouses with or without supplemental lighting, to simpler greenhouses and high tunnels. Although food production occurs in the soil inside high tunnels, most CEA operations use various hydroponic systems to meet crop irrigation and fertility needs. The expansion of CEA offers promise as a tool for increasing food production in and near urban systems as these systems do not rely on arable agricultural land. In addition, CEA offers resilience to climate instability by growing inside protective structures. Products harvested from CEA systems tend to be of high quality, both internal and external, and are sought after by consumers. Currently, CEA producers rely on cultivars bred for production in open-field agriculture. Because of high energy and other production costs in CEA, only a limited number of food crops have proven themselves to be profitable to produce. One factor contributing to this situation may be a lack of optimized cultivars. Indoor growing operations offer opportunities for breeding cultivars that are ideal for these systems. To facilitate breeding these specialized cultivars, a wide range of tools are available for plant breeders to help speed this process and increase its efficiency. This review aims to cover breeding opportunities and needs for a wide range of horticultural crops either already being produced in CEA systems or with potential for CEA production. It also reviews many of the tools available to breeders including genomics-informed breeding, marker-assisted selection, precision breeding, high-throughput phenotyping, and potential sources of germplasm suitable for CEA breeding. The availability of published genomes and trait-linked molecular markers should enable rapid progress in the breeding of CEA-specific food crops that will help drive the growth of this industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1524601"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11808156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mutation atlas of giant kelp (<i>Macrocystis pyrifera</i>): a mutation database resource for natural knockouts.","authors":"Jose Francisco Diesel, Gary Molano, Sergey V Nuzhdin","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1338572","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1338572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Giant kelp (<i>Macrocystis pyrifera</i>) is a paramount species of immense ecological and economic importance. It forms dense underwater forests, providing crucial habitat and serving as a foundation species for diverse marine ecosystems. Understanding the genetics of giant kelp is essential for conservation and sustainable farming, safeguarding these valuable ecosystems and their benefits. By analyzing mutations based on their impact, we can gain insights into the potential functional consequences and implications for the organism, helping to identify critical genes or regions that may play a significant role in adaptation, development, and environmental response. To achieve this, we annotated the effects and impact of spontaneous mutations in 559 giant kelp individuals from four different populations. We found over 15.9 million mutations in genes of giant kelp, and classified them into modifier, low, moderate, and high impact depending on their predicted effects. The creation of this mutation effect database, attached to the seedbank of these individuals, offers several applications, including enhancing breeding programs, aiding genetic engineering with naturally occurring mutations, and developing strategies to mitigate the impact of environmental changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1338572"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11808146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}