Frontiers in Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the AS2/LOB gene family in physic nut.","authors":"Yuehui Tang, Xiaohui Wang, Jiayu Feng, Yaoyao Wang, Tengfei Liu, Xinxin Bao","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1504093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1504093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>AS2/LOB genes, a class of transcription factors ubiquitously existing in plants, are vital for plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. Despite the availability of the physic nut genome, information regarding the expression profiles and evolutionary histories of its AS2/LOB genes remains scarce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An elaborate exploration of the AS2/LOB gene family was conducted, including phylogeny, exon-intron structure, chromosomal location, conserved domain characteristics, conserved motifs, promoter cis-acting elements, protein interaction, and expression profiles under normal growth and abiotic stress conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 28 AS2/LOB genes (JcASLs) were identified in the physic nut genome. Phylogenetic analysis, based on homologs from Arabidopsis, classified the 28 <i>JcASLs</i> genes into two groups (calss I and II). Chromosome localization indicated that the 28 <i>JcASLs</i> genes were unevenly distributed across nine chromosomes. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR results revealed that the majority of the 28 <i>JcASLs</i> genes exhibited differential expression in tissues such as roots, cortex stems, leaves, and seeds. Notably, <i>JcASL8</i> and <i>JcASL13</i> were exclusively expressed in seeds, and 16 <i>JcASLs</i> genes responded to drought and salt stress at least at one time point under at least one treatment condition.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results establish a basis for future investigations into the molecular mechanism by which the <i>JcASLs</i> genes regulate physic nut's response to drought and salt stress and their role in modulating the growth and development of physic nut.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1504093"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11649428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BHC-YOLOV8 : improved YOLOv8-based BHC target detection model for tea leaf disease and defect in real-world scenarios.","authors":"BaiShao Zhan, Xi Xiong, Xiaoli Li, Wei Luo","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1492504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1492504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The detection efficiency of tea diseases and defects ensures the quality and yield of tea. However, in actual production, on the one hand, the tea plantation has high mountains and long roads, and the safety of inspection personnel cannot be guaranteed; on the other hand, the inspection personnel have factors such as lack of experience and fatigue, resulting in incomplete and slow testing results. Introducing visual inspection technology can avoid the above problems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Firstly, a dynamic sparse attention mechanism (Bi Former) is introduced into the model backbone. It filters out irrelevant key value pairs at the coarse region level, utilizing sparsity to save computation and memory; jointly apply fine region token to token attention in the remaining candidate regions. Secondly, Haar wavelets are introduced to improve the down sampling module. By processing the input information flow horizontally, vertically, and diagonally, the original image is reconstructed. Finally, a new feature fusion network is designed using a multi-head attention mechanism to decompose the main network into several cascaded stages, each stage comprising a sub-backbone for parallel processing of different features. Simultaneously, skip connections are performed on features from the same layer, and unbounded fusion weight normalization is introduced to constrain the range of each weight value.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the above improvements, the confidence level of the current mainstream models increased by 7.1%, mAP0.5 increased by 8%, and reached 94.5%. After conducting ablation experiments and comparing with mainstream models, the feature fusion network proposed in this paper reduced computational complexity by 10.6 GFlops, increased confidence by 2.7%, and increased mAP0.5 by 3.2%.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This paper developed a new network based on YOLOv8 to overcome the difficulties of tea diseases and defects such as small target, multiple occlusion and complex background.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1492504"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11649061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142835307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SGSNet: a lightweight deep learning model for strawberry growth stage detection.","authors":"Zhiyu Li, Jianping Wang, Guohong Gao, Yufeng Lei, Chenping Zhao, Yan Wang, Haofan Bai, Yuqing Liu, Xiaojuan Guo, Qian Li","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1491706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1491706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Detecting strawberry growth stages is crucial for optimizing production management. Precise monitoring enables farmers to adjust management strategies based on the specific growth needs of strawberries, thereby improving yield and quality. However, dense planting patterns and complex environments within greenhouses present challenges for accurately detecting growth stages. Traditional methods that rely on large-scale equipment are impractical in confined spaces. Thus, the development of lightweight detection technologies suitable for portable devices has become essential.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This paper presents SGSNet, a lightweight deep learning model designed for the fast and accurate detection of various strawberry growth stages. A comprehensive dataset covering the entire strawberry growth cycle is constructed to serve as the foundation for model training and testing. An innovative lightweight convolutional neural network, named GrowthNet, is designed as the backbone of SGSNet, facilitating efficient feature extraction while significantly reducing model parameters and computational complexity. The DySample adaptive upsampling structure is employed to dynamically adjust sampling point locations, thereby enhancing the detection capability for objects at different scales. The RepNCSPELAN4 module is optimized with the iRMB lightweight attention mechanism to achieve efficient multi-scale feature fusion, significantly improving the accuracy of detecting small targets from long-distance images. Finally, the Inner-IoU optimization loss function is applied to accelerate model convergence and enhance detection accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Testing results indicate that SGSNet performs exceptionally well across key metrics, achieving 98.83% precision, 99.45% recall, 99.14% F1 score, 99.50% mAP@0.5, and a loss value of 0.3534. It surpasses popular models such as Faster R-CNN, YOLOv10, and RT-DETR. Furthermore, SGSNet has a computational cost of only 14.7 GFLOPs and a parameter count as low as 5.86 million, demonstrating an effective balance between high performance and resource efficiency.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Lightweight deep learning model SGSNet not only exceeds the mainstream model in detection accuracy, but also greatly reduces the need for computing resources and is suitable for portable devices. In the future, the model can be extended to detect the growth stage of other crops, further advancing smart agricultural management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1491706"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11664550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interactive effects between far-red light and temperature on lettuce growth and morphology diminish at high light intensity.","authors":"Sang Jun Jeong, Qianwen Zhang, Genhua Niu, Shuyang Zhen","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1497672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1497672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytochromes (PHYs) play a dual role in sensing light spectral quality and temperature. PHYs can interconvert between the active P_fr form and inactive P_r form upon absorption of red (R) and far-red (FR) light (Photoconversion). In addition, active P_fr can be converted to inactive P_r in a temperature-dependent manner (Thermal Reversion). Recent studies have shown that FR light and temperature can interactively affect plant growth and morphology through co-regulating phytochrome activities. These studies were primarily conducted under relatively low light intensities. As light intensity increases, the impact of thermal reversion on phytochrome dynamics decreases. However, the light intensity dependency of the interactive effects between FR light and temperature on plant growth and morphology has not been characterized. In this study, lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i> L.) 'Rex' was grown under two total photon flux densities (TPFD; 400-800 nm) (150 and 300 μmol m^-2 s^-1) x three temperatures (20, 24, and 28°C) x two light spectra (0 and 20% of FR light in TPFD). Our results showed that the effects of FR light on leaf, stem, and root elongation, leaf number, and leaf expansion were dependent on temperature at lower TPFD. However, the magnitude of the interactive effects between FR light and temperature on plant morphology decreased at higher TPFD. Particularly, at a lower TPFD, FR light stimulated leaf expansion and canopy photon capture only under a cooler temperature of 20°C. However, at a higher TPFD, FR light consistently increased total leaf area across all three temperatures. Plant biomass was more strongly correlated with the total number of photons intercepted by the leaves than with the photosynthetic activities of individual leaves. FR light decreased the contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolics, as well as the total antioxidant capacity. In contrast, warmer temperatures and high light intensity increased the values of these parameters. We concluded that the interactive effects between FR light and temperature on plant growth and morphology diminished as total light intensity increased. Additionally, the combination of high light intensity, warm temperature, and FR light resulted in the highest crop yield and antioxidant capacity in lettuce.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1497672"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11646736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide characterization of the sunflower kinome: classification, evolutionary analysis and expression patterns under different stresses.","authors":"Ningning Yan, Shuqing Yang, Haoyu Chao, Wenbing Zhang, Jian Zhang, Ming Chen, Jun Zhao","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1450936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1450936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protein kinases play a significant role in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as in growth and development. While the kinome has been extensively investigated in crops such as <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, soybean, common bean, and cotton, studies on protein kinases in sunflower remain limited. Our objective is to explore protein kinases in sunflower to bridge the research gap and enhance the understanding of their functions. We identified a total of 2,583 protein kinases from sunflower, which were classified into 22 families and 121 subfamilies. By comparing the subfamily members between sunflower and other species, we found that three subfamilies in sunflower-RLK-Pelle_CrRLK1L-1, RLK-Pelle_SD-2b, and RLK-Pelle_WAK-had undergone significant expansion. We then investigated the chromosomal distribution, molecular weight, isoelectric point, transmembrane domain, signal peptide, and structural and evolutionary diversity of the protein kinases. Through these studies, we have obtained a basic understanding of protein kinases in sunflower. To investigate the role of protein kinases in sunflower's response to biotic and abiotic stresses, we obtained 534 transcriptome datasets from various research groups, covering eight types of abiotic stress and two types of biotic stress. For the first time, we overcame the batch effects in the data and utilized a gene scoring system developed by our lab to perform a comprehensive analysis of multiple transcriptome datasets from different research groups. Ultimately, 73 key protein kinases were identified from numerous candidates, and functional annotation revealed that they are key members of signaling pathways such as ABA, MAPK, and SOS, actively participating in sunflower's response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In summary, through the exploration of protein kinases in sunflower, we have filled the gap in protein kinase research and provided a substantial amount of foundational data. By using the new scoring method to eliminate batch effects between transcriptome datasets, we achieved the first comprehensive analysis of large-scale transcriptome data. This method allows for a more thorough and detailed identification of key protein kinases that are widely regulated under various stress conditions, providing numerous candidate genes for sunflower stress resistance research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1450936"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11646777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vermicompost application improves leaf physiological activity, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, and grain yield of fragrant rice through efficient nitrogen assimilation under Cd stress.","authors":"Anas Iqbal, Xiaoyuan Chen, Rayyan Khan, Maid Zaman, Aamir Hamid Khan, Marcin Kiedrzyński, Mohamed Ebaid, Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei, Sobhi F Lamlom, Xiangru Tang, Muhammad Zeeshan","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1481372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1481372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cadmium (Cd) pollution in arable soils and its accumulation in rice plants have become a global concern because of their harmful effects on crop yield and human health. The <i>in-situ</i> stabilization method which involves the application of organic amendments such as vermicompost (VC), is frequently utilized for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soils. This study investigated the effects of VC on the soil chemical properties and the physio-biochemical functions of fragrant rice, as well as nitrogen (N) metabolism and assimilatory enzyme activities, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) content in rice grains, and the grain yields of fragrant rice cultivars, i.e., Xiangyaxiangzhan (XGZ) and.Meixiangzhan-2 (MXZ-2) under Cd stress condition. Four doses of VC (.VC1 = 0, VC2 = 3 t. ha^-1, VC3 = 4 t ha^-1, and VC4 = 6 t ha^-1) and two levels of Cd (0 and 25 mg Cd kg^-1) were used in this study. Our results showed that VC supplementation significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) improved soil characteristics, including soil organic carbon, available N, total N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Furthermore, VC enhanced plant physiological and biochemical attributes in fragrant rice, such as net photosynthetic rate (<i>Pn</i>), nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT) enzyme activities, protein contents, amino acid, and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) contents under Cd stress condition. Specifically, the VC-amended treatment, Cd2 + VC3, led to an 86.75% increase in <i>Pn</i> and 2AP, and a 60.05% and 77.55% increase in grain yield for MXZ-2 and XGZ cultivars, respectively, compared to Cd-only treated plants (Cd2 + VC1). In addition, VC application significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) decreased the Cd uptake and accumulation in rice plants. The correlation analysis indicated that leaf physiological activity and biochemical traits are strongly correlated with soil qualitative traits, suggesting that improved soil health leads to enhanced leaf physiological activity, N metabolism, grain 2AP content, and grain yields. Among the treatments, Cd2 + VC3 showed the best performance in terms of soil fertility and rice quality and production. Consequently, our study indicates that using VC in soils may benefit rice growers by improving soil fertility and supporting sustainable rice productivity and quality in soils contaminated with Cd.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1481372"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11646779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142835182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Winter climate change mediates the sensitivity of vegetation leaf-out to spring warming in high latitudes in China.","authors":"Mingyang Chen, Mark Henderson, Binhui Liu, Wanying Zhou, Rong Ma, Weiwei Huang, Zeyu Dou","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1476576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1476576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global warming has significantly altered plant phenology by advancing the timing of leaf emergence, impacting vegetation productivity and adaptability. Winter and spring temperatures have commonly been used to explain spring phenology shifts, but we still lack a solid understanding of the effects of interactions between conditions in different seasons. This study utilizes normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and meteorological data to examine the effects of changes in winter and spring temperatures and precipitation on the start of the vegetation growing season (SOS) at high latitudes in China from 1982 to 2015. We found that SOS in Northeast China, as a whole, showed a weak advancing trend (moving earlier in the year), but with obvious regional differences. Even within the same vegetation type, changes in SOS were faster in the cold north (1.9 days/decade) and the cold and dry northwest (1.6 days/decade) than the regional averages for deciduous needleleaf forests (DNF; 1.2 days/decade) and grasslands (0.6 days/decade). Increases in spring temperatures dominate forest SOS advancement, while grassland SOS is mainly influenced by winter and spring precipitation. Decreases in winter minimum temperature (T_min) enhance the spring temperature sensitivity of SOS. The way that winter precipitation regulates the spring temperature sensitivity of SOS differs among vegetation types: increasing sensitivity in grasslands but suppressing it in DNF. The moderating effects of winter conditions account for the greatest part of the regional differences in the magnitude of change in SOS. Our findings highlight that, although rising spring temperatures significantly affect SOS, winter T_min and precipitation are crucial for understanding spatial SOS differences, particularly in cold, arid high-latitude regions. Winter conditions play an essential role in regulating the response of vegetation SOS to spring climate at high latitudes. These results suggest that considering the moderating effect of winter climate can facilitate more accurate predictions of temperature-driven phenological changes under future climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1476576"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11646735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142835183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of the quality differences and seasonal dynamics of flavonoids between the aerial parts and roots of <i>Scutellaria barbata</i>.","authors":"Yijie Cheng, Wenxin Cao, Ru Guo, Ruihuan Chen, Xiaofan Li, Da Qian, Jingyuan Xu","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1497664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1497664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Scutellaria barbata</i> D. Don is a widely cultivated Chinese herbal medicine known for its medicinal properties. However, differences in the spatial distribution of metabolites, accumulation patterns of flavonoids, and pharmacological activities between the aerial parts and roots of <i>S. barbata</i> still remain unclear, posing challenges for its standardized cultivation and quality control. This study aimed to elucidate the quality differences between these plant parts and clarify their seasonal variations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The chemical profiles were qualitatively analyzed by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. The accumulation patterns of total flavonoids, scutellarin and baicalin in different parts of <i>S. barbata</i> were quantitatively analyzed by UV and HPLC respectively. The differences of pharmacological efficacy were evaluated by antioxidant assays and CCK-8 assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this research, there were 46 compounds identified in <i>S. barbata</i> that included 44 flavonoids. The aerial parts primarily accumulate flavonoids with 4'-hydroxyl group, while the root mainly accumulate flavonoids without this group. Additionally, the accumulation and variation of flavonoid components were seasonally dependent, with the aerial parts reaching peak content in spring during vigorous vegetative growth and the roots accumulating most flavonoids in autumn. The extracts from both parts exhibited antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects on cancer cell proliferation, with notable differences between them.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study provides valuable insights into the quality differences and seasonal dynamics of the different parts of <i>S. barbata</i>, offering a reference for standardized harvesting and quality control.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1497664"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11648313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142835279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation characteristics of Ty3-retrotransposons after spaceflight and genetic stability of insertion sites in rice progeny.","authors":"Qing Yang, Lishan Chen, Meng Zhang, Wei Wang, Binquan Zhang, Dazhuang Zhou, Yeqing Sun","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1452592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1452592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The space environment is mutagenic and may induce genomic and phenotypic variations. Exploring the changes in transposon activity in the rice genome under space radiation is of great significance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To analyze the activation characteristics of Ty3-retrotransposons and genetic stability of insertion sites in rice progeny after spaceflight, seeds of Nipponbare, DN416, and DN423 were exposed on board the SJ-10 recoverable satellite for 12.5 days. The differential methylation and transcription levels of Ty3-retrotransposons in the genome of Nipponbare's F0 generation after spaceflight, as well as the genetic stability of Ty3-retrotransposon insertion sites in DN416 and DN423 from F3 to F5 generations, was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that the retrotransposons of ancient and young transposon families underwent demethylation from the tillering to heading stages of Nipponbare plants, which were F0 generation of space-exposed seeds, when the Nipponbare seeds were hit by single space high charge and energy (HZE) particles with LET ≥ 100 keV/μm. the transcription levels significantly increased in ancient transposon families (osr30, osr40, and rire10) and young transposon families (dagul, rn215-125, osr37, RLG_15, osr34, rire8, rire3, rire2, and hopi) (p ≤ 0.05) when LET > 100 keV/μm. Furthermore, the young Ty3-retrotransposons, which included the hopi, squiq, dasheng, rire2, rire3, rire8, osr34, rn_215-125, dagul, and RLG_15 families, underwent 1 to 8 transpositions in the F3 to F5 of DN416 and DN423 mutants, and some of these transposon insertion sites were stably inherited.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The research holds great significance for understanding the activation characteristics of Ty3-retrotransposons in the rice genome induced by space radiation and the genetic characteristics of transposon insertion sites in its progeny.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1452592"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11646775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142835306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic control of root/shoot biomass partitioning in barley seedlings.","authors":"Alejandra Cabeza, Ana M Casas, Beatriz Larruy, María Asunción Costar, Vanesa Martínez, Bruno Contreras-Moreira, Ernesto Igartua","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2024.1408043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1408043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The process of allocating resources to different plant organs in the early stage of development can affect their adaptation to drought conditions, by influencing water uptake, transpiration, photosynthesis, and carbon storage. Early barley development can affect the response to drought conditions and mitigate yield losses. A distinct behavior of biomass partitioning between two Spanish barley landraces (SBCC073 and SBCC146) was observed in a previous rhizotron experiment. An RIL population of approximately 200 lines, derived from the cross of those lines, was advanced using speed breeding. We devised an experiment to test if seedling biomass partitioning was under genetic control, growing the seedlings in pots filled with silica sand, in a growth chamber under controlled conditions. After 1 week, the shoot and root were separated, oven dried, and weighted. There were genotypic differences for shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and root-to-shoot ratio. The population was genotyped with a commercial 15k SNP chip, and a genetic map was constructed with 1,353 SNP markers. A QTL analysis revealed no QTL for shoot or root dry weight. However, a clear single QTL for biomass partitioning (RatioRS) was found, in the long arm of chromosome 5H. By exploring the high-confidence genes in the region surrounding the QTL peak, five genes with missense mutations between SBCC146 and SBCC073, and differential expression in roots compared to other organs, were identified. We provide evidence of five promising candidate genes with a role in biomass partitioning that deserve further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"1408043"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11646724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}