Frontiers in Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"The impact of epiphytic algae on the foliar traits of <i>Potamogeton perfoliatus</i>.","authors":"Viktor R Tóth","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1561709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1561709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effect of epiphyton on foliar traits of a submerged rooted macrophyte, <i>Potamogeton perfoliatus</i>, in a shallow freshwater lake, highlighting its influence on the ecological dynamics of littoral zones in aquatic ecosystems. It was shown that the limnological characteristics of the sampling sites (water chlorophyll-a, total suspended matter and coloured dissolved organic matter content) had no significant effect on the average values of epiphytic algal content found on pondweed leaves, while influencing the plasticity of these data. The responses of morphological and physiological traits of submerged macrophytes to accumulated epiphyton demonstrate the complexity of their relationship: epiphyton colonisation had no relevant effect on leaf morphology (except leaf length) and leaf pigment content (except Chl-a/Chl-b ratio), however, this study highlights the significant influence of epiphytic algal biomass on photophysiological traits of submerged macrophyte leaves, as 5 out of 6 photophysiological traits were affected. The results highlight the importance of considering epiphyte colonisation when seeking to understand the ecological functioning of littoral aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, the complex interactions between epiphytes and submerged rooted macrophytes should be considered in integrated lake management and environmental protection policies. These interactions play an important, though ambiguous role in shaping habitat variability and overall ecosystem health in littoral zones.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1561709"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The tree of life of copper-containing amine oxidases.","authors":"Zaibao Zhang, Tao Xiong, Kejia Li, Kexin Huang, Siyu Wu, Luhui Wu","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1544527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1544527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Copper-containing amine oxidases (CuAOs) catalyze the terminal oxidation of polyamines (PAs), producing ammonium, an aminoaldehyde, and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Plant CuAOs are induced by stress-related hormones such as methyl-jasmonate (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA). Mammalian copper-containing amine oxidases (CAOs), encoded by four genes (AOC1-4) that catalyze the oxidation of primary amines to aldehydes, regulate various biological processes and are linked to diseases like inflammatory conditions and histamine intolerance. To understand the evolutionary history and functional divergence of CuAOs, we conducted phylogenetic and expression analyses of CuAOs in plants and animals. In this study, the <i>copper amine oxidase</i> (<i>CuAO</i>) genes were identified by HMMER and BLASTP, and verified by CDD/HMM/SMART. Multiple sequence alignment was performed using Muscle5, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by IQ-TREE2. The syntenic relationship was analyzed by MCScanX and CIRCOS. Meanwhile, the expression data of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and human and other species were integrated for analysis. Here, 950 and 264 CuAO orthologues were identified in 188 plant and 79 animal genomes. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that CuAO originated in the common ancestor before the divergence of plants and animals. The copy numbers of CuAOs vary significantly across plant species, whereas they remain relatively stable in animal species, generally maintaining 3-4 copies per species. During the evolutionary process, plant CuAOs formed two clades (I and II), while animal CuAOs formed three clades (CAO-like, AOC1, AOC2-4). Interestingly, plant clade I CuAOs lacks the active site motif T/S-X₁-X₂-N-Y-D. The further differentiation of plant clade II CuAOs is related to the preference for X₁ and X₂ active sites. CAO-like and AOC1 are monophyletic branches. Mammalian AOC2-4 is separated from non-mammalian AOC2-4, and the differentiation of mammalian AOC3 and AOC4 occurs in a species-specific manner. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary trajectory of the <i>CuAO</i> gene family in plants and animals at the genome-wide level. These findings lay a crucial foundation for future research to conduct in-depth functional characterization.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1544527"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field evaluation of tissue culture-derived and offshoot-grown date palm cultivars: a comparative analysis of vegetative and fruit attributes.","authors":"Najamuddin Solangi, Abdul Aziz Mirani, Mushtaque Ahmed Jatoi, Adel Ahmed Abul-Soad, Lal Bux Bhanbhro, Ghulam Sarwar Markhand, Mohammad Hedayat, Gholamreza Abdi","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1516983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1516983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An analysis of the field performance of tissue culture (TC)-derived commercial cultivars of date palm (i.e., Kashuwari, Gulistan, and Dedhi) obtained from juvenile inflorescence explants was carried out to compare the different vegetative and fruit attributes with their respective offshoot (OS)-grown mother plants. A comparative analysis of leaf-, bunch-, and fruit-related variables was conducted 5 years after planting in an open field. The data obtained were used to perform ANOVA, <i>k</i>-means clustering, and principal component analysis (PCA). The results revealed that the majority of the variables showed non-significant variations between TC plants and OS-grown mother plants across all three cultivars. <i>K</i>-means clustering produced three distinct clusters for each of the three cultivars, placing all their TC and OS plants together in their respective clusters, except for one TC plant of cv. Gulistan, which was placed with cv. Dedhi. The PCA results showed that the first two components explained a significant proportion of the total variation in all three date palm cultivars, ranging from 71.4% to 76.4%. This study provides critical insights for the validation of TC methods, assessing adaptability under open field conditions, ensuring genetic stability, and ultimately expanding the adoption and impact of TC techniques in agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1516983"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organelle genomes of two <i>Scaevola</i> species, <i>S. taccada</i> and <i>S. hainanensis</i>, provide new insights into evolutionary divergence between <i>Scaevola</i> and its related species.","authors":"Danni Meng, Tianxin Lu, Meng He, Yuze Ren, Mumei Fu, Yuxiao Zhang, Peifeng Yang, Xinyu Lin, Yong Yang, Ying Zhang, Yuchen Yang, Xiang Jin","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1587750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1587750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes harbor crucial information that can be utilized for elucidating plant evolution and environmental adaptation. The organellar genomic characteristics of Goodeniaceae, a sister family to Asteraceae, remain unexplored. Here, using a combination of short-read and long-read sequencing technologies, we successfully assembled the complete organellar genomes of two Goodeniaceae species native to China, <i>Scaevola taccada</i> and <i>S. hainanensis</i>. Chloroplast genome collinearity analysis revealed that <i>Scaevola</i> expanded its genome length through inverted repeat expansion and large single copy fragment duplication, resulting in 181,022 bp (<i>S. taccada</i>) and 182,726 bp (<i>S. hainanensis</i>), ~30 kb increase compared to its related species. Mitochondrial genomes of two <i>Scaevola</i> species exhibit multi-ring topology, forming dual mitochondrial chromosomes of 314,251 bp (<i>S. taccada</i>) and 276,175 bp (<i>S. hainanensis</i>). Sequence variation analysis demonstrated substantial chloroplast sequence divergence (Pi = 0.45) and an increase in gene copy number within the genus. Relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) analysis revealed that <i>Scaevola</i> chloroplast has a higher bias for A/U-ending codons than mitochondria, with chloroplasts RSCU values ranging from 0.32 to 1.94, whereas mitochondrial RSCU values ranging from 0.38 to 1.62. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of the Asteraceae-Goodeniaceae sister group, whereas the extended evolutionary branches of <i>Scaevola</i>, coupled with mitochondrial collinearity analysis, indicate rapid organellar genome evolution of <i>Scaevola</i>. Organellar-nuclear horizontal gene transfer analysis identified specific increased in the copy numbers of photosynthesis-related genes and chloroplast-nuclear transfer events in <i>S. taccada</i>. Our study not only provides insights for understanding environmental adaptation mechanisms of coastal plants, but also contributes to elucidating organellar genome evolution in <i>Scaevola</i> and Goodeniaceae.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1587750"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the complete mitogenomes of three high economic value tea plants (Tea-oil Camellia) provide insights into evolution and phylogeny relationship.","authors":"Heng Liang, Huasha Qi, Chunmei Wang, Yidan Wang, Moyang Liu, Jiali Chen, Xiuxiu Sun, Tengfei Xia, Shiling Feng, Cheng Chen, Daojun Zheng","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1549185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1549185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tea-oil Camellia species play a crucial economic and ecological role worldwide, yet their mitochondrial genomes remain largely unexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we assembled and analyzed the complete mitochondrial genomes of <i>Camellia oleifera</i> and <i>C. meiocarpa</i>, revealing multi-branch structures that deviate from the typical circular mitochondrial genome observed in most plants. The assembled mitogenomes span 953,690 bp (<i>C. oleifera</i>) and 923,117 bp (<i>C. meiocarpa</i>), containing 74 and 76 annotated mitochondrial genes, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparative genomic analyses indicated that <i>C. oleifera</i> and <i>C. meiocarpa</i> share a closer genetic relationship, whereas <i>C. drupifera</i> is more distantly related. Codon usage analysis revealed that natural selection plays a dominant role in shaping codon bias in these mitochondrial genomes. Additionally, extensive gene transfer events were detected among the three species, highlighting the dynamic nature of mitochondrial genome evolution in Tea-oil Camellia. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on mitochondrial genes exhibited incongruence with chloroplast phylogenies, suggesting potential discordance due to hybridization events, incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), or horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Furthermore, we identified species-specific mitochondrial markers, which provide valuable molecular tools for distinguishing Tea-oil Camellia species.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings enhance the understanding of mitochondrial genome evolution and genetic diversity in Tea-oil Camellia, offering essential genomic resources for phylogenetics, species identification, and evolutionary research in woody plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1549185"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association mapping and identification of candidate genes for callus induction and regeneration using sorghum mature seeds.","authors":"Jingyi Xu, Lihua Wang, Yuan Liang, Qi Shen, Wenmiao Tu, Zhengxiao Cheng, Lu Hu, Yi-Hong Wang, Jieqin Li","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1430141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1430141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A whole plant can be regenerated through tissue culture from an embryogenic callus in a process referred to as plant regeneration. Regeneration ability of embryogenic callus is a quantitative trait and the main limiting factor for genetic studies in sorghum.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated 236 sorghum mini core varieties for callus induction rate, embryogenic callus rate, callus browning rate and differentiation rate and performed a multi-locus genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the four traits with 6,094,317 SNPs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found five mini core varieties most amenable to tissue culture manipulations: IS5667, IS24503, IS8348, IS4698, and IS5295.Furthermore, we mapped 34 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) to the four traits and identified 47 candidate genes. Previous studies provided evidence for the orthologs of 14 of these genes for their role in cellular function and embryogenesis and that the ortholog of WIND1 (WOUND INDUCED DEDIFFERENTIATION 1) identified in this study promotes callus formation and increases de novo shoot regeneration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These candidate genes will help to further understand the genetic basis of plant embryonic callus regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1430141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in cotton harvesting aids.","authors":"Zhangshu Xie, Xuefang Xie, Yeling Qin, Dan Yang, Zhonghua Zhou, Qiming Wang, Aiyu Liu, Xiaoju Tu","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1570251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1570251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the cotton harvesting stage, the application of chemical harvest aids, such as thidiazuron and ethephon, facilitates cotton defoliation and boll maturation, serving as a crucial management tool in modern cotton cultivation systems. This paper reviews recent advancements in cotton defoliation and ripening research; delves into the physiological mechanisms underlying defoliation, boll maturation, and cotton fiber development; and summarizes the effects of major defoliants and herbicide-type desiccants on plants. It also explores the roles of hormones and genes that are involved in the defoliation process and identifies the key factors influencing the effectiveness of harvest aids. Additionally, this paper offers recommendations and scientific prospects for optimizing cotton defoliation and ripening technologies in the future. Through these contributions, it aims to provide valuable insights for the research and application of efficient harvesting of mature cotton, stimulate innovation in cotton defoliation and ripening technologies, enhance the quality and yield of cotton, reduce labor costs, and contribute to the sustainable development of the cotton industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1570251"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TomaFDNet: A multiscale focused diffusion-based model for tomato disease detection.","authors":"Rijun Wang, Yesheng Chen, Fulong Liang, Xiangwei Mou, Guanghao Zhang, Hao Jin","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1530070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1530070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tomatoes are one of the most economically significant crops worldwide, with their yield and quality heavily impacted by foliar diseases. Effective detection of these diseases is essential for enhancing agricultural productivity and mitigating economic losses. Current tomato leaf disease detection methods, however, encounter challenges in extracting multi-scale features, identifying small targets, and mitigating complex background interference.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The multi-scale tomato leaf disease detection model Tomato Focus-Diffusion Network (TomaFDNet) was proposed to solve the above problems. The model utilizes a multi-scale focus-diffusion network (MSFDNet) alongside an efficient parallel multi-scale convolutional module (EPMSC) to significantly enhance the extraction of multi-scale features. This combination particularly strengthens the model's capability to detect small targets amidst complex backgrounds.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Experimental results show that TomaFDNet reaches a mean average precision (mAP) of 83.1% in detecting Early_blight, Late_blight, and Leaf_Mold on tomato leaves, outperforming classical object detection algorithms, including Faster R-CNN (mAP = 68.2%) and You Only Look Once (YOLO) series (v5: mAP = 75.5%, v7: mAP = 78.3%, v8: mAP = 78.9%, v9: mAP = 79%, v10: mAP = 77.5%, v11: mAP = 79.2%). Compared to the baseline YOLOv8 model, TomaFDNet achieves a 4.2% improvement in mAP, which is statistically significant (P < 0.01). These findings indicate that TomaFDNet offers a valid solution to the precise detection of tomato leaf diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1530070"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory mechanisms and biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid in <i>Lonicera japonica</i>: insights from tissue culture and inducer treatments.","authors":"Jiali Cheng, Yuan Chen, Fengxia Guo, Pengbin Dong, Chunyan Zhou, Wei Liang, Hongyan Wang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1567140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1567140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant tissue culture is a fundamental and widely applied technique in plant biology and agriculture. In medicinal plant research, tissue culture plays an indispensable role in the conservation of endangered species, the rapid propagation of valuable resources, the preservation of germplasm, and the production of secondary metabolites. As a representative medicinal plant of the <i>Lonicera</i> genus, <i>L. japonica</i> is widely utilized worldwide due to its significant economic, ecological, medicinal, and ornamental value. By using tissue culture technology, it is possible to significantly enhance the production of secondary metabolites in <i>L. japonica</i> and effectively alleviate resource shortages, providing a new approach for its sustainable utilization. This review summarizes the recent research progress on <i>L. japonica</i> in the field of tissue culture, covering aspects such as direct organogenesis, indirect organogenesis through callus tissues, protoplast culture, hairy root culture, and polyploid culture. Additionally, the biosynthetic pathway of chlorogenic acid was explored in detail, and the mechanism of action of inducers in plant cells was analyzed. The study focused on the potential regulatory mechanisms of inducers on chlorogenic acid. Eventually, the future development trends of medicinal plant biotechnology are envisioned, aiming to provide a broader perspective for the in-depth study of medicinal plants and to promote continuous development and innovation in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1567140"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification and association analysis of informative SNPs of various nutri-nutraceutical traits in Buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum</i> spp.).","authors":"Madhiya Manzoor, Jebi Sudan, Adil Nath, Basharat Bhat, Parvaze A Sofi, M Ashraf Bhat, P V Vara Prasad, Sajad Majeed Zargar","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1559621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1559621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum</i> spp.) is a pseudocereal with nutraceutical properties that offer several nutritional and health benefits. Buckwheat proteins are gluten-free and have balanced quantities of amino acids and micronutrients, with a higher content of health-promoting bioactive flavonoids that make it a golden crop of the future. In the present study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to investigate the genetic basis of nutraceutical traits in buckwheat. Using 132 diverse genotypes, we evaluated 10 key nutritional and nutraceutical traits: phenol, flavonoids, antioxidants, methionine, lysine, protein content, nitrogen, iron, zinc, and ascorbic acid. <i>Fagopyrum tartaricum</i> displayed higher levels of phenols, flavonoids, antioxidants, iron, zinc, and nitrogen, while <i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i> exhibited elevated methionine, lysine, protein, and ascorbic acid levels. Genotyping by sequencing identified 3,728,028 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), with the highest density on chromosome 1. GWAS detected 46 significant SNPs associated with the studied traits, including an SNP on chromosome 6 linked to lysine with aphenotypic contribution of 49.62%. Candidate gene analysis identified 138 genes within 100 kb of significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs), involved in metabolic and biosynthetic pathways such as amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. Population structure analysis grouped the genotypes into three populations, enhancing the reliability of marker-trait associations. Gene Ontology analysis highlighted key biological processes, including lipid transport, tryptophan metabolism, and protein phosphorylation, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms governing these traits. The present study emphasizes the potential of molecular breeding to enhance the nutritional quality of buckwheat and its role in addressing global malnutrition. The identified SNP markers and candidate genes offer a valuable foundation for developing high-yield, nutrient-rich buckwheat varieties through genome editing and marker-assisted selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1559621"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12059574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}